US822991A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED JUNE 12, 1906. H. S.' SCOTT & H. F. TYZACK. TURBINE APPLICATION FILED FEB. 18, 1906.

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TURBINE.

APPLIOA'IIOH FILED FEB. 1a. 1906,

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INVEN TORS WITNESSES:

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UNITED sTA rEs PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY SHADFORTH SCOTT AND HENRY FREDERICK TYZAGK, OF GATES- HEAD, ENGLAND.

TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 12, 1906.

Application filed February 16,1906. Serial No. 301,428.

To aZZ whom it iota/y concern:

Be it known that we, HENRY SHADFORTH Soor'r and HENRY FREDERICK TYZAGK, subects of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and residents of Gateshead, in the county of Durham, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in or Relating to Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to turbines of the kind wherein the turbine or rotating disks and the separating fixed partitions or disks are provided with two rings or sets of oppositely inclined or shaped vanes, the actuating fluid being admitted to one of the rings or sets of vanes, usually the outer for forward running, and to the other, usually the inner for backward running, and especially to those wherein the leakage of actuating fluid from one set of vanes to the other is revented by jets of fluid, and has for its 0 ject to provide improved means for such revention.

According to this invention, w en the innor rings or sets of vanes are in operation a small quantity of the motive fluid is led to suitably-disposed nozzles, orifices, or the like oppning toward and at or about the points w ere the leakage takes place, whence it issues at an increased velocit and meets the leaking actuating fluid an prevents same passing to the outer sets of vanes, or a larger quantity of motive fluid at a pressure rather higher than that of the actuating fluid may be employed.

We will fully describe one form of our invention as applied to a steam-turbine, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein-- Figure I is a part longitudinal section, and Fig. 2 a section on the line X X in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an enlarged section on the line Y Y in Fig. 2.

Referring to the drawings, aa are turbine or rotating disks, which are provided with outer rings or sets of vanes b for forward running and with inner rings or sets of vanes c for reversing, and d d are fixed partitions or the like, which alternate with the disks a a and are provided with corres onding outer and inner rings or sets of nozz as or guide-vanes e and f, as is usual in turbines of this kind.

To prevent leaka e of steam from the inner rings or sets 0 vanes c and nozzles or guide-vanes f by way of the spaces between the disks and partitions to the outer rings or sets of vanes b and nozzles or guide-vanes e when the inner rings or sets of vanes and nozzles or guide-vanes are in operation, we provide in the distance-piece 9 between the two rin s or sets of nozzles or guide-vanes e and f of t e fixed partitions d an annular chamber or chambers h h, which is or are adapted to be supplied with steam when the inner rings or sets of vanes c and nozzles or guide-vanes f are in operation by means of one or more steam-chests j, formed between the nozzles or guide-vanes of the outer rings or sets and communicating with the chamber or chambers h h by a tangential orifice or orifices 1c, said chest or chests 3' being connected to the steam-chest m of the inner rings or sets of vanes c and nozzles or guidevanes for other suitable source of supply by a passage or passages n and a pipe or pipes 0. The annular chambers h k may conveniently be constituted by forming the distance-piece g of two rings and g, Fl 3, and they communicate witi laterallyisposed annular nozzles r r, opening between the disks a and the partitions cl and at or about the outer periphery of the inner rings or sets of vanes c and nozzles or guide-vanes The annular nozzles r r may be constituted by the sides of the rings p and light sheet-metal stanipings s s, Fig. 3, secured to the sides of the partitions and having flanges! 3, adapted to pro'ect into corres ondin slots in the sides of t is disks (1, and t e nozz es 1' r are so shaped that the steam issuing therefrom has a greater velocity than that of the actuating-steam passing through the inner rings or sets of vanes c and nozzles or guide-vanes f and issues in the direction of the flow of the actuating-steam. The annular nozzles r r are provided with vanes u a, suitably disposed as to angle and distance apart to prevent the issuing steam swirling or shooting across the inner circumference of the rings 3). The vanes u u may conven iently be pressed out of the stampings s s.

It will now be seen that when the inner rings or sets of vanes c and nozzles or guidevanes f are in operation a certain quantity of steam flows to the steam-chests and by the orifices k to the annular chambers 12 h and nozzles r r, whence it issues, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 3, at a greater velocity and meeting the actuatin steaxn passing through the vanes c and nozz es or guide-vanes f prevents same leaking to the outer rings or sets of vanes b and nozzles or guide-vanes e.

To prevent leakage at the front of the first disk at, the end casing or ring '1), carrying the first nozzles or guide-vanes may be provided with an annular chamber w, adapted to be supplied with steam when the inner rings or sets of vanes and nozzles or guide-vanes are in operation by means of a passage a: and. having an annular nozzle y, similar to the nozzles 1' 1" above described, through which said steam issues.

Instead of employing steam issuing from the nozzles r r and y at a greater velocity than that of the steam passing through or between the inner rings or sets of vanes c and nozzles or guide-vanes f we may employ steam at a pressure slightly higher than that of the actuating-steam. The steam issuing from the nozzles r 1" and y, as well as reventing leakage of the actuating-steam rom the inner rings or sets of vanes c and nozzles or guide-vanes f to the outer rings or sets I) and 6, also combines with and assists the actuating-steam in driving the disks a, andv the vanes u u in the nozzles guide the issuing steam in its proper direction and cause it to mingle with the actuating-steam gently and without disturbing the proper course of the latter. In some cases the nozzles 1" 1" and y need not be continuous, but may be adapted to open only about or adjacent to the nozzles or guide-vanes f in the fixed partitions. As will be obvious, our invention may also be employed for preventing leakage of the actuating fluid from the outer rings or sets of vanes and nozzles or guide-vanes to the inner rings or sets of vanes and nozzles or guidevanes when the former are in operation.

What we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In turbines of the kind wherein the rotating disks and the se )arating fixed partitions are provided wit two sets of oppositely-inclined vanes and guide-vanes for backward and forward running, means for preventing leakage of the motive fluid from the inner sets of vanes and guide-vanes to the outer sets, when the inner sets are in opera tion, said means consisting in leading a supply of motive fluid to sultably shaped and disposed nozzles o enin toward and about the points where t e lea (age occurs, whence it issues and meets and mingles with the actuating fluid, said supply of motive fluid issuing from said nozzles at a reater velocity than that of the actuating uid, substantially as set forth.

2. In turbines of the kind wherein the rotating disks and the separating fixed partitions are provided with two sets of oppositely-inclined vanes and guide-vanes for backward and forward running, means for preventing leakage of the motive fluid from the inner sets of vanes and guide-vanes to the outer sets, when the inner sets are in operation, said means comprising an annular chamber formed in the fixed partitions and adapted to be supplied with motive fluid, when the inner sets of vanes and guide-vanes are in operation, and communicating with laterally-disposed nozzles through which the motive fluid issues at a greater velocity than that of the actuating fluid, said nozzles or orifices opening toward and about the points where the leakage takes place so that the motive fluid issuing therefrom meets and mingles with the actuating fluid, substantially as set forth.

3. In turbines of the kind wherein the ro tating disks and the se )arating fixed partitions are provided with two sets of oppositelyinc]ined vanes and guide-vanes for backward. and forward running, means for preventing leakage of the motive fluid from the inner sets of vanes and guide-vanes to the outer sets, when the inner sets are in operation, said means comprising annular chambers formed in the fixed partitions and adapted to be supplied with motive fluid, when the inner sets of vanes and guide-vanes are in operation, and communioatin with laterally-disposed nozzles through which the motive fluid issues at a reater velocity than that of the actuating uid, said nozzles or orifices openin toward and about the points where the leaiage takes place so that the motive fluid issuing therefrom meets and mingles with the actuating fluid, substantially as set forth.

4. In a turbine havin two sets of vanes, means for leading a flui to a point between the two, and delivering it in such direction as to oppose the leakage of motive fluid past such point.

5. In a turbine having two sets of vanes, means for leading a fluid to a point between the two, and delivering it in such direction as to oppose the leakage of motive fluid past such point and to enhance the effect of such motive fluid.

In witness whereof we have hereunto signed our names in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HENRY SHADFORTH SCOTT. HENRY FREDERICK TYZAOKI Witnesses:

EDMUND WARD PATTISON, HERBERT HOWARD.

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