US8003267B2 - Flexible power supply - Google Patents

Flexible power supply Download PDF

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Publication number
US8003267B2
US8003267B2 US12/553,442 US55344209A US8003267B2 US 8003267 B2 US8003267 B2 US 8003267B2 US 55344209 A US55344209 A US 55344209A US 8003267 B2 US8003267 B2 US 8003267B2
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Prior art keywords
flexible
power supply
hydrogen
plate
flexible power
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US20100279183A1 (en
Inventor
Jie-Ren Ku
Chan-Li Hsueh
Ya-Yi Hsu
Cheng-Yen Chen
Shing-Fen Tsai
Reiko Ohara
Fanghei Tsau
Chien-Chang Hung
Ming-Shan Jeng
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Industrial Technology Research Institute ITRI
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Industrial Technology Research Institute ITRI
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Assigned to INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE reassignment INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHEN, CHENG-YEN, HSU, YA-YI, Hsueh, Chan-Li, HUNG, CHIEN-CHANG, JENG, MING-SHAN, KU, JIE-REN, OHARA, REIKO, TSAI, SHING-FEN, TSAU, FANGHEI
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/065—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a flexible power supply, and in particular relates to a hydrogen supply device and a fuel cell thereof.
  • Modern portable electronic products have lots of functions and suffer short power supplies/rechargers. Moreover, with varied outfit designs, modern portable electronic products require flexible, easy-shaping, and friendly-design power supplies/rechargers to fit their outfits.
  • the operating time of a portable power supply/recharger can be extended by using proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM-FC).
  • PEM-FC proton exchange membrane fuel cell
  • the portable power supply/recharger made by PEM-FC suffers another drawback.
  • the drawback is that the portable power supply/recharger is easily deformed/damaged due to external forces. The external forces come from all the applied forces during operating, even when a person carry it on moving.
  • a rigid support is required in conventional portable power supply/recharger to prevent the deformation/damage from external forces.
  • the rigid support cost the penalty of much over weight and volume of the portable power supply/recharger. Therefore, a flexible and easy-shaping power supply/recharger was invented to reduce the weight, the volume, and the risk of the deformation/damage from the conventional one.
  • two of the most easily-deformed/damaged portions of the portable power supply/recharger are: (i) the assembly portion between the proton exchange membrane and the end plates in a PEM-FC. If the assembly portion is deformed/damaged, it will lead to dramatically increase the inner electrical resistance and therefore lower output power. (ii) the connection portion between fuel tank and fuel cell as well as fuel tank itself. If the connection portion or tank is deformed/damaged, it will lead the leakage of hydrogen and as a possible result of a fire.
  • portable power supplys/rechargers examples include the end plate, polar plate, air diffusion layer, catalyst layer, and proton exchange membrane element.
  • General fuel sources of portable power supplys/rechargers are methanol and hydrogen. Whatever the fuel type, the fuel tank should be rigid other than flexible to promise the fuel will not leak out due to external force. Especially when the hydrogen is directly adopted as fuel, the container for compressed hydrogen storage is heavily rigid and bulky. Additionally, the portable power supply/recharger is not entirely flexible.
  • Taiwan Patent No. I255579 a portable fuel cell with high power value per volume/weight is provided.
  • the fuel cell has a flexible or closed-ring electrolyte membrane and a plurality of separated reaction elements in series connection disposed on the electrolyte membrane.
  • the electrolyte membrane is applied as proton exchange and a conductor of ions.
  • Each of the reaction elements comprises flexible internal and external reaction bilks disposed on inner and outer sides of the electrolyte membrane, respectively.
  • the internal reaction bulk receives hydrogen from the fuel supply element to process an electrochemical reaction, and the external reaction bulk receives oxygen from the surroundings to process an electrochemical reaction to produce a high voltage for output to electronic products.
  • the described fuel cell utilizes a flexible or closed-ring electrolyte membrane.
  • the fuel supply of the fuel cell is methanol, and is not a flexible hydrogen supply element. It is obvious that the cell still needs a rigid fuel tank, and difficult to solve the problems come from the external force.
  • the invention provides a flexible power supply/recharger, comprising a flexible fuel cell connected to a hydrogen supply device, wherein the hydrogen supply device comprises a moldable hydrogen fuel.
  • the moldable hydrogen fuel comprises a solid hydride, a solid catalyst, and a hydrophobic elastomer polymer.
  • the flexible fuel cell is a multi-layered structure sequentially composed of a top end plate, an air flow field plate, a membrane electrode assembly, a hydrogen flow field plate, and a bottom end plate, and all of these components are flexible.
  • the membrane electrode assembly comprises a proton exchange membrane disposed between a catalyst layer and a diffusion layer.
  • FIGS. 1A-1B are schematic views showing the power supply in one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the membrane electrode assembly in one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross section of the membrane electrode assembly in one embodiment of the invention.
  • the invention provides a flexible power supply including a flexible fuel cell 10 connected to a hydrogen supply device 20 , wherein the hydrogen 20 is a flexible material and further contains moldable hydrogen fuel.
  • FIGS. 1A-1B are schematic views showing the flexible power supply of the invention.
  • an air flow field plate 3 a hydrogen flow field plate 4 , and a membrane electrode assembly 5 are disposed between the end plates 1 and 2 , connected to the hydrogen supply 20 .
  • the end plates 1 and 2 are flexible material such as plastic plate, rubber plate, metal plate, or metal mesh plate.
  • the air flow field plate 3 and the hydrogen flow field plate 4 are flexible insulation material such as printed circuit board, rubber plate, plastic plate, or insulation-treated metal plate.
  • the flow field plates do not react with hydrogen or oxygen, and has a conductive circuit on it.
  • the conductive circuit on the flow field plates may conduct current from flexible electrode elements to an external circuit.
  • the membrane electrode assembly 5 includes flexible electrode elements 52 composed of a soft or flexible conductor such as conductive composite bulk, e.g. carbon fiber cluster, conductive polymer, carbon fabric, and/or carbon powder.
  • the flexible electrode elements 52 are conductive, even if deformed, thereby providing a soft electrical connection between the conductive circuit on the air/hydrogen flow field plates and the membrane electrode assembly 5 .
  • the electricity produced from the reaction in the membrane electrode assembly 5 is collected by the flexible electrode element 52 and then output to the conductive circuit on the air/hydrogen flow field plates 3 and 4 .
  • the membrane exchange assembly 5 is shown in FIG. 3 , the proton exchange membrane 51 is disposed between catalyst layers 53 and 54 .
  • the hydrogen from the hydrogen supply device 20 flows through the hydrogen flow path to the contact catalyst layer 54 for forming protons and electrons.
  • the protons penetrate through the proton exchange membrane 51 to react with the oxygen in the catalyst layer 53 , and the electrons flows through the external circuit to connect to the portable electronic device or battery.
  • the proton exchange membrane can be a commercially available product, such as those from Dupont, Dow, Gore, Asahi Glass, Asahi Chemical, and the likes.
  • the membrane electrode assembly 5 may further include a commercially available three-layered or five-layered structure, such as additional catalyst layers and/or diffusion layers.
  • the membrane electrode assembly 5 composed of the proton exchange membrane 51 and the catalyst layers 53 and 54 is flexible.
  • the flexible fuel cell of the invention is obtained after the membrane electrode assembly 5 is disposed between the flexible end plates 1 and 2 , the air flow field plate 3 , and the hydrogen flow field plate 4 .
  • the moldable solid hydrogen fuel of the invention includes a solid catalyst, a solid hydride, and a hydrophobic elastomer polymer.
  • the solid hydride can be alkali/alkaline metal boron hydride, metal hydride, boron nitrogen hydride, or combinations thereof.
  • the metal boron hydride includes NaBH 4 , LiBH 4 , Ca(BH 4 ) 2 , MgBH 4 , KBH 4 , or Al(BH 4 ) 3 .
  • the metal hydride includes LiH, NaH, or CaH 2 and the boron nitrogen hydride includes ammonia borane, diborane, diamino diborane, H 2 B(NH 3 ) 2 BH 4 , poly(amino borane), borazine, a borane-morpholine complex, or a borane-tetrahydrofuran complex.
  • the solid catalyst can be ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, copper, iron, ruthenium ion, cobalt ion, nickel ion, copper ion, iron ion, or combinations thereof, and the hydrophobic elastomer polymer includes silicone, rubber, or silicone rubber.
  • the solid catalyst and the solid hydride are ball-grinded at high speeds, and then added the hydrophobic elastomer polymer to complete the moldable solid hydrogen fuel.
  • Taiwan Patent Application No. 98108205 For the detailed formula and manufacturing method thereof, reference can be made to Taiwan Patent Application No. 98108205.
  • the moldable hydrogen fuel is charged in a hydrogen supply device 20 connected to the hydrogen flow field plate 4 .
  • the hydrogen supply device 20 will generate hydrogen after being added water.
  • the hydrogen supply device 20 is a flexible pack such as a plastic, rubber, Nylon, or air-proof bag pack.
  • the fuel cell is a flexible sheet structure, and the hydrogen supply device 20 is a flexible flat bag adhered to the flexible sheet fuel cell.
  • the moldable hydrogen fuel is a sheet having a size slightly smaller than the hydrogen supply device 20 .
  • the moldable hydrogen fuel is rolled to be tubular and stored in water-proof bag, and spread to be put into the hydrogen supply device 20 . After adding water to the hydrogen supply device 20 containing the hydrogen fuel, the hydrogen is generated.
  • the power supply composed of the fuel cell 10 and the hydrogen supply device 20 is a flexible sheet structure, it can be put in the pocket of clothes or baggage, or directly sewn on the outside of a cap or overcoat. Because the power supply is flexible, the conductivity of inner circuit inside PEM-FC or the hydrogen seal thereof are not easily damaged by external forces. Compared to a conventional power supply/recharger, the power supply/recharger of the invention has a sheet structure which is not the structure such as a cylinder or lump shape. Thus, the power supply/recharger invented enhances its applicability and portability.
  • water absorbent material such as polyacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol), ethylene vinyl acetate, polyurethane, poly(ethylene oxide), starch graft copolymer, or rubber blend can be filled into the inner side of the hydrogen supply device.
  • the water added to the hydrogen supply device is a non-flowable gel type liquid.
  • the membrane electrode used in this example is NRE211 (commercially available from Dupont).
  • the catalyst layer and the diffusion layer used is a combined product GDE BASF LT121EW (commercially available from E-tek) which was cut to fit the metal conductive electrode of the air/hydrogen flow field plate.
  • the proton exchange membrane NRE211 and the catalyst/diffusion layer LT121EW were laminated by a thermal press at about 130 to 140 for 1 minute.
  • a flexible conductive carbon fabric serving as the flexible electrode element 52 was cut to fit and adhered to the metal conductive electrode of the air/hydrogen flow field plate.
  • the membrane electrode assembly, the flexible electrode element, the air flow field plate, and the hydrogen flow field plate, and optional polar plate (not necessary) were adhered and fastened by instant glue, and the peripheral thereof was sealed by gel.
  • the air flow field plate directly touched the air.
  • the hydrogen flow field plate was connected to a flexible bag hydrogen supply device, wherein the connection was adhered by instant glue, sealed by gel, and fastened by thin steel plate. As such, a flexible power supply with iron frame was completed.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
US12/553,442 2009-04-29 2009-09-03 Flexible power supply Active 2029-12-19 US8003267B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TW98207229U 2009-04-29
TW98207229 2009-04-29
TW098207229 2009-04-29
TW098214754 2009-08-11
TW098214754U TWM373573U (en) 2009-04-29 2009-08-11 Flexible power supply
TW98214754U 2009-08-11

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US20100279183A1 US20100279183A1 (en) 2010-11-04
US8003267B2 true US8003267B2 (en) 2011-08-23

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EP (1) EP2246927B1 (zh)
TW (1) TWM373573U (zh)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2014102610A (ru) 2011-06-28 2015-08-10 Интеллиджент Энерджи Лимитед Генератор газообразного водорода
CN112103525B (zh) * 2020-08-11 2022-04-01 天能电池集团股份有限公司 一种柔性燃料电池
CN112060751B (zh) * 2020-09-15 2021-10-26 东莞光韵达光电科技有限公司 一种纳米涂层激光模板及其拼板方法

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5599640A (en) * 1994-08-17 1997-02-04 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Alkaline fuel cell
US6316133B1 (en) * 1997-12-18 2001-11-13 Dch Technology, Inc. Device for converting energy using fuel cells with integrated hydrogen gas production
US20020182459A1 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-12-05 Hockaday Robert G. Fuel generator with diffusion ampoules for fuel cells
US20020182475A1 (en) 2001-05-30 2002-12-05 Pan Alfred I-Tsung Flex based fuel cell
US20050196666A1 (en) 2004-03-02 2005-09-08 Shimshon Gottesfeld Conformable fuel cell
TWI255579B (en) 2005-02-01 2006-05-21 Wah Hong Ind Corp Fuel cell
US20060194098A1 (en) * 2005-02-28 2006-08-31 Antig Technology Co,Ltd. Manufacturing method of flexible substrate laminate integrated fuel cell and fuel cell thereof
US20060194099A1 (en) * 2005-02-28 2006-08-31 Antig Technology Co, Ltd. Flexible fuel cell
US7175929B2 (en) * 2002-11-25 2007-02-13 Fujitsu Component Limited Fuel cell, method of manufacturing the same, and fuel cell stack including the same
US20070120522A1 (en) 2005-10-25 2007-05-31 Eickhoff Steven J High power density, ultra-light power generator
US20080044707A1 (en) 2006-08-21 2008-02-21 National Tsing Hua University Flexible fuel cell
US7404842B1 (en) 2003-01-23 2008-07-29 Jesse Wainright Microfabricated hydrogen storage device and metal hydride fuel cell/battery
US7622212B2 (en) * 2005-01-17 2009-11-24 Pierre Forte Compact electrochemical converter
JP2010003456A (ja) 2008-06-18 2010-01-07 Aquafairy Kk 燃料電池

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5599640A (en) * 1994-08-17 1997-02-04 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Alkaline fuel cell
US6316133B1 (en) * 1997-12-18 2001-11-13 Dch Technology, Inc. Device for converting energy using fuel cells with integrated hydrogen gas production
US20020182475A1 (en) 2001-05-30 2002-12-05 Pan Alfred I-Tsung Flex based fuel cell
US20020182459A1 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-12-05 Hockaday Robert G. Fuel generator with diffusion ampoules for fuel cells
US7175929B2 (en) * 2002-11-25 2007-02-13 Fujitsu Component Limited Fuel cell, method of manufacturing the same, and fuel cell stack including the same
US7404842B1 (en) 2003-01-23 2008-07-29 Jesse Wainright Microfabricated hydrogen storage device and metal hydride fuel cell/battery
US20050196666A1 (en) 2004-03-02 2005-09-08 Shimshon Gottesfeld Conformable fuel cell
US7510794B2 (en) * 2004-03-02 2009-03-31 Mti Microfuel Cells, Inc. Conformable fuel cell
US7622212B2 (en) * 2005-01-17 2009-11-24 Pierre Forte Compact electrochemical converter
TWI255579B (en) 2005-02-01 2006-05-21 Wah Hong Ind Corp Fuel cell
US20060194098A1 (en) * 2005-02-28 2006-08-31 Antig Technology Co,Ltd. Manufacturing method of flexible substrate laminate integrated fuel cell and fuel cell thereof
US20060194099A1 (en) * 2005-02-28 2006-08-31 Antig Technology Co, Ltd. Flexible fuel cell
US20070120522A1 (en) 2005-10-25 2007-05-31 Eickhoff Steven J High power density, ultra-light power generator
US20080044707A1 (en) 2006-08-21 2008-02-21 National Tsing Hua University Flexible fuel cell
JP2010003456A (ja) 2008-06-18 2010-01-07 Aquafairy Kk 燃料電池

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Title
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Jeong et al., "A study on hydrogen generation from NaBH4 solution using the high-performance Co-B catalyst," ScienceDirect, Journal of Power Sources 144 (2005) 129-134.
Prosini et al., "A hydrogen refill for cellular phone," ScienceDirect, Journal of Power Sources 161 (2006) 290-293.
Wainright et al., "Microfabricated fuel cells," ScienceDirect, Electrochimica Acta 48 (2003) 2869-2877.
Wu, "Hydrogen Storage via Sodium Borohydride," Millennium Cell, Apr. 14-15, 2003, pp. 1-22.
Zhang et al., "1kWe sodium borohydride hydrogen generation system Part 1: Experimental Study," ScienceDirect, Journal of Power Sources 165 (2007) 844-853.

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EP2246927A1 (en) 2010-11-03
US20100279183A1 (en) 2010-11-04
EP2246927B1 (en) 2014-11-12
TWM373573U (en) 2010-02-01

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