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  • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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  • C07D233/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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  • C07D233/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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  • C07D233/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D233/44—Nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
  • C07D233/48—Nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical with acyclic hydrocarbon or substituted acyclic hydrocarbon radicals, attached to said nitrogen atoms
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  • C07D235/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D235/04—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles
  • C07D235/24—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 2
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  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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  • C07D409/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a series of dihydro-imidazole (also referred to herein as imidazoline) compounds. More specifically, the present invention relates to a novel series of 4,5-diphenyl-2-amino-4,5-dihydro-imidazole derivatives having certain geometric configuration. This invention also relates to methods of making these compounds.
• the compounds of this invention are P2X7 ion channel blockers and are therefore useful as pharmaceutical agents, especially in the treatment and/or prevention of a variety of diseases having an inflammatory component, including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis and disease conditions associated with the central nervous system, such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, etc.
• the P2X7 receptor a ligand-gated ion channel
• macrophages, mast cells and lymphocytes T and B are known to have P2X7 receptor sites.
• Activation of the P2X7 receptor by extracellular nucleotides, particularly, adenosine triphosphate leads to the release of interleukin-1 ⁇ (IL-1 ⁇ ) and giant cell formation (macrophages/microglial cells), degranulation (mast cells) and L-selectin shedding (lymphocytes).
• IL-1 ⁇ interleukin-1 ⁇
• giant cell formation macrophages/microglial cells
• degranulation mast cells
• L-selectin shedding lymphocytes
• P2X7 receptors are also located on antigen presenting cells (APC), keratinocytes, salivary acinar cells (parotid cells) and hepatocytes.
• compounds exhibiting antagonistic activity at the P2X7 receptor site are expected to show anti-inflammatory activity and thereby exhibit therapeutic efficacy in diseases due to P2X7 receptor activation.
• the diseases that are implicated include rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, stroke and inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis and various other diseases where an inflammatory component is present. It has also been reported that macrophages are also involved in the thermal injuries such as burns (see, e.g., Schwacha, Burns Vol. 29 pages 1-14 (2003)).
• the P2X7 protein is mainly localized to immune system cells such as macrophages and microglia, see for example, Collo et al., Neuropharmacology Vol. 36 pages 1277-1283 (1997).
• activation of P2X7 results in the release of proinflammatory substances such as IL-1 ⁇ and IL-18, see for example, Hide et al., Journal of Neurochemistry Vol. 75 pages 965-972 (2000); Perregaux et al., Journal of Immunology Vol. 165 pages 4615-4623 (2000).
• WO99/29660 and WO99/29661 disclose that certain adamantane derivatives exhibit P2X7 antagonistic activity having therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
• WO99/29686 discloses that certain heterocyclic derivatives are P2X7 receptor antagonists and are useful as immunosuppressive agents and treating rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, septic shock and atheroscelerosis.
• WO00/71529 discloses certain substituted phenyl compounds exhibiting immunosuppressing activity. All of the references described herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
• a method for the treatment of diseases selected from the group consisting of inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and diseases associated with central nervous system which comprises administering to a patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula (II), as described herein, including the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• diseases selected from the group consisting of inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and diseases associated with central nervous system
• a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula (II), as described herein, including the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are useful in the method of this invention.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in combination with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for treating diseases selected from the group consisting of inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and diseases associated with central nervous system, wherein said compound is of the formula (II) as described herein, including the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• diseases selected from the group consisting of inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and diseases associated with central nervous system
• said compound is of the formula (II) as described herein, including the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• C 1-6 alkyl includes methyl and ethyl groups, and straight-chained or branched propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl groups. Particular alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl and tert-butyl.
• C 2-6 alkenyl includes ethenyl and straight-chained or branched propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl and hexenyl groups.
• C 2-6 alkynyl includes ethynyl and propynyl, and straight-chained or branched butynyl, pentynyl and hexynyl groups.
• C 1-6 perfluoroalkyl means that all of the hydrogen atoms in said alkyl group are replaced with fluorine atoms.
• Illustrative examples include trifluoromethyl and pentafluoroethyl, and straight-chained or branched heptafluoropropyl, nonafluorobutyl, undecafluoropentyl and tridecafluorohexyl groups.
• Derived expression, “C 1-6 perfluoroalkoxy” is to be construed accordingly.
• C 3-8 cycloalkyl means cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl.
• C 3-8 cycloalkylC 1-6 alkyl means that the C 3-8 cycloalkyl as defined herein is further attached to C 1-6 alkyl as defined herein.
• Representative examples include cyclopropylmethyl, 1-cyclobutylethyl, 2-cyclopentylpropyl, cyclohexylmethyl, 2-cycloheptylethyl and 2-cyclooctylbutyl and the like.
• Halogen or “halo” means chloro, fluoro, bromo, and iodo.
• patient means a warm blooded animal, such as for example rat, mice, dogs, cats, guinea pigs, and primates such as humans.
• the expression “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” means a non-toxic solvent, dispersant, excipient, adjuvant, or other material which is mixed with the compound of the present invention in order to permit the formation of a pharmaceutical composition, i.e., a dosage form capable of administration to the patient.
• a pharmaceutical composition i.e., a dosage form capable of administration to the patient.
• pharmaceutically acceptable oil typically used for parenteral administration.
• Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention include acid addition salts which may, for example, be formed by mixing a solution of the compound according to the invention with a solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, hydroxymaleic acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, acetic acid, salicylic acid, cinnamic acid, 2-phenoxybenzoic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, benzoic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, tarta
• a pharmaceutically acceptable acid such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, fumaric
• the acid metal salts such as sodium monohydrogen orthophosphate and potassium hydrogen sulfate can also be formed.
• the salts so formed may present either as mono- or di-acid salts and can exist either as hydrated or can be substantially anhydrous.
• suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may include alkali metal salts, e.g. sodium or potassium salts; alkaline earth metal salts, e.g. calcium or magnesium salts; and salts formed with suitable organic ligands, e.g. quaternary ammonium salts.
• stereoisomers is a general term used for all isomers of the individual molecules that differ only in the orientation of their atoms in space. Typically it includes mirror image isomers that are usually formed due to at least one asymmetric center, (enantiomers). Where the compounds according to the invention possess two or more asymmetric centers, they may additionally exist as diastereoisomers, also certain individual molecules may exist as geometric isomers (cis/trans). It is to be understood that all such isomers and mixtures thereof in any proportion are encompassed within the scope of the present invention.
• substituted is contemplated to include all permissible substituents of organic compounds.
• substituted means substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 perfluoroalkyl, hydroxy, —CO 2 H, an ester, an amide, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 perfluoroalkoxy, —NH 2 , Cl, Br, I, F, —NH-lower alkyl, and —N(lower alkyl) 2 .
• substituents any of the other suitable substituents known to one skilled in the art can also be used in these embodiments.
• “Therapeutically effective amount” means an amount of the compound which is effective in treating the named disorder or condition.
• imidazoline compounds also referred to herein as dihydro imidazole compounds
• the imidazoline compound includes all of the possible enantiomers, stereoisomers, rotomers and tautomers.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or derivatives thereof are also included in this aspect of the invention.
• the imidazoline compound of this invention is having the general structure shown in formula I:
• a compound including enantiomers, stereoisomers, rotomers and tautomers of said compound and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or derivatives thereof.
• the compound of this embodiment is having the general structure shown in formula II:
• R 2 and R 6 are hydrogen or methyl, a is 0 or 1, R and R 5 are as defined above. Specific compounds in accordance with this embodiment of the invention are listed below:
• the phenyl moieties on the cis-4,5-diphenyl-imidazoline compounds of formula (III) are substituted each with 1 to 3 halogens and R group is hydrogen.
• the suitable halogens are fluorine, chlorine or bromine.
• Ra is halogen
• R 2 and R 6 are hydrogen or methyl and a is 0 or 1
• R 5 is as defined above.
• the phenyl moieties on the cis-4,5-diphenyl-imidazoline compounds of formula (III) are substituted each with 1 to 3 C 1-4 alkyl, and R is hydrogen.
• the preferred C 1-4 alkyl is methyl.
• R 6 is hydrogen or methyl and a is 0 or 1, and R 5 is as defined above.
• Specific compounds encompassing this embodiment of this invention are enumerated below:
• the compound of formula (II) having X—Y as —(CH 2 ) a -Z-(CH 2 ) b - in which Z is NR 6 , wherein R 6 is hydrogen, and a is 0 and b is 2 is preferred.
• the compound of formula (II) further having R 1 and R 3 as phenyl, R, R 2 and R 4 as hydrogen is particularly preferred.
• the compound in accordance with this embodiment may generically be represented by the formula (VI):
• R 5 is as defined above. Specific compounds in accordance with this embodiment of this invention are listed below:
• the compound of formula (II) having X—Y as —(CH 2 ) a -Z-(CH 2 ) b - in which Z is a bond, and a is 0 and b is 2 to 4 is preferred.
• the methylene group, CH 2 is optionally substituted with hydroxy, methyl or phenyl.
• the compound of formula (II) further having R 1 and R 3 as phenyl or pyridyl, wherein phenyl is optionally substituted with fluorine, and R and R 4 as hydrogen and R 2 as hydrogen or methyl is particularly preferred.
• the compound in accordance with this embodiment may generically be represented by the formula (VII):
• Rb is either hydrogen, hydroxy, methyl or phenyl
• R 1 and R 3 are independently phenyl, pyridyl or phenyl substituted with fluorine
• R 2 is hydrogen or methyl
• R 5 is as defined above.
• the compound of formula (II) having X—Y as —(CH 2 ) a -Z-(CH 2 ) b - in which Z is a bond, and a is 0 and b is 1 is preferred.
• the methylene group, CH 2 is optionally substituted with hydroxy, methoxy, methyl or phenylaminocarbonyloxy.
• the (CH 2 ) may optionally be substituted with at least two carbon atoms all of which taken together form a cyclic ring. For instance, when CH 2 is substituted with two carbon atoms all of which together form a cyclopropyl ring. Similarly, when the CH 2 group is substituted with three carbon atoms all of which together can form a cyclobutyl ring, and so on.
• the cyclopropyl group is particularly preferred.
• the compound of formula (II) further having R 1 and R 3 as phenyl or pyridyl, wherein phenyl is optionally substituted with fluorine, and R and R 4 as hydrogen and R 2 as either hydrogen or methyl is particularly preferred.
• the compound in accordance with this embodiment may generically be represented by the formula (VIII):
• R c is either hydrogen, hydroxy, methoxy methyl or phenylaminocarbonyloxy
• R 1 and R 3 are independently phenyl, pyridyl or phenyl substituted with fluorine
• R 2 is hydrogen or methyl
• R 5 is as defined above.
• R c is a carbon chain of two or more carbon atoms, it can form a cyclic ring with the carbon atom to which it is attached.
• R c is a two carbon chain it can form a cyclopropyl ring with the carbon to which it is attached.
• a generic structure of this type may be represented by the formula VIIIA:
• the compound of formula (II) having X—Y as —(CH 2 ) a -Z-(CH 2 ) b - in which Z is S, and a and b are 0 or 1 is preferred.
• the compound of formula (II) further having R 1 and R 3 as phenyl or pyridyl, and R and R 4 as hydrogen and R 2 as hydrogen or methyl is particularly preferred.
• the compound in accordance with this embodiment may generically be represented by the formula (IX):
• R 1 and R 3 are independently phenyl or pyridyl, R 2 is hydrogen or methyl, a and b are 0 or 1, and R 5 is as defined above. Specific compounds encompassed by this aspect of the embodiment may be enumerated as follows:
• the compound of formula (II) having X—Y as —(CH 2 ) a -Z-(CH 2 ) b - in which Z is 0, and a and b are 0, 1 or 2 is preferred.
• the (CH 2 ) is optionally substituted with methyl, n-propyl or cyclopropyl.
• the compound of formula (II) further having R 1 and R 3 as phenyl or phenyl substituted with fluorine or methoxy, and R, R 2 , R 4 as hydrogen or methyl is particularly preferred.
• the compound in accordance with this embodiment may generically be represented by the formula (X):
• R 1 and R 3 are independently phenyl or phenyl substituted with fluorine or methoxy, R, R 2 , R 4 as hydrogen or methyl, a and b are 0, 1 or 2, and R 5 is as defined above.
• one ore more of the (CH 2 ) group may optionally be substituted with methyl, n-propyl or cyclopropyl.
• the compound of this aspect of the invention preferably feature the following substitutents:
• the compounds of this invention can be synthesized by any of the procedures known to one skilled in the art. Specifically, several of the starting materials used in the preparation of the compounds of this invention are known or are themselves commercially available. The compounds of this invention and several of the precursor compounds may also be prepared by methods used to prepare similar compounds as reported in the literature. See for example, Sharaf, M. A., et al., J. Chem. Research ( S ), 1996, 322-323, which discloses preparative methods for a few of the precursor compounds. A few of the 2-thiosubstituted-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoles are also disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,379,159; and 4,308,277. A few other imidazoline derivatives are also disclosed in German Patent Nos. DE 27 01 372; and DE 28 54 428; and EP Patent No. 0 000 208. Each of these references is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
• the compounds of this invention can be synthesized from the starting 1,2-diaminoethane derivative, which is prepared following the procedures shown in Scheme 1.
• Scheme 1 illustrates a synthesis of a class of 1,2-diphenyl-diaminoethane derivatives, 3, in which both R 1 and R 3 are the same, i.e., the substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group.
• the substituents R 2 and R 4 are hydrogen in this case.
• a suitable substituted benzaldehyde, 1 is reacted with ammonium acetate under suitable reaction conditions to form the intermediate 2, which is further reacted with sulfuric acid to form cis-1,2-diaminoethane derivative, 3, the starting material for the synthesis of a variety of 4,5-diphenyl-midazoline compounds of this invention.
• the coupling reaction as described herein can be effected by any of the methods known in the art. In general, this step is carried out at an elevated temperature typically in the range of from about 80° C. to 150° C. for a sufficient length of time to drive the reaction to completion. Typically, the reaction is carried out for a period of about 8 to 16 hours or longer depending upon the reaction temperature.
• the crude, coupling product, 2 is then contacted with a suitable acid such as sulfuric acid at elevated temperature to form the diamino compound, 3.
• a suitable acid such as sulfuric acid
• the reaction can again be carried out by any of the procedures known in the art. Typically, the reaction is effected at elevated temperatures in the range of from about 80° C. to 150° C.
• Various other diamino compounds, 3 in which R 1 and R 3 groups are the same can be synthesized using the procedures of Scheme 1 and employing the desirable aldehyde.
• the starting 1,2-diamino compound can also be synthesized following the steps as set forth in Scheme 2.
• a much broader class of diamino compounds, 8 can be prepared.
• step 1 the 1,2-diketo compound, 4 is first contacted with sulfamide to form the thiadiazole-1,1-dioxide, 5.
• This reaction is generally carried out in the presence of an acid such as hydrogen chloride and in the presence of any art recognized solvent such as methanol.
• the reaction can generally be carried out at ambient conditions.
• the thiadiazole-1,1-dioxide, 5 can then be substituted with suitable substituents to form the substituted derivative, 6.
• the method depicted in Scheme 2 is suitable for the preparation of monosubstituted derivative, 6.
• the intermediate, 5 can be contacted with suitable Grignard reagent, such as R 2 MgBr to form the alkylated derivative, 6 (i.e., wherein R 2 is a suitable alkyl or aryl group and R 4 is hydrogen).
• suitable Grignard reagent such as R 2 MgBr
• the substitution reaction using a Grignard agent is carried out using conditions well known in the art such as in an ethereal solvent at a temperature of around ⁇ 10° C. to 20° C.
• the Grignard product can further be treated with another Grignard reagent such as R 4 MgBr to form the disubstituted diamine, which can be used to prepare various other disubstituted imidazoline compounds of this invention (i.e., wherein R 4 is as defined herein).
• R 4 MgBr another Grignard reagent
• step 3 the substituted derivative, 6 is subjected to reductive conditions to form the product 7.
• 6 is treated with sodium borohydride in an art recognized solvent such as methanol to form the product 7, which can be cleaved under acidic reaction conditions to form the diamine, 8.
• Scheme 2A illustrates a variation of Scheme 2 in which preparation of the tetrasubstituted-1,2-diamine is shown.
• the thiadiazole-1,1-dioxide, 5 is contacted with two molar equivalents of Grignard reagent to form the tetrasubstituted-thiadiazole-1,1-dioxide, 7A, which is further cleaved under acidic reaction conditions to form the tetrasubstiuted-1,2-diamine, 8A in which R 4 is same as R 2
• the 1,2-diamine having different R 2 and R 4 groups can also by prepared in an analogous manner following the procedures set forth in Scheme 2 or Scheme 2A by contacting the intermediate, 5 with two different Grignard reagents in two separate sequential steps as shown in Scheme 2B.
• Scheme 3 illustrates general procedures that can be used to prepare a class of imidazoline compounds of this invention in which X—Y is —(CH 2 ) a -Z-(CH 2 ) b - and wherein Z is NR 6 and a is 0.
• An analogous procedure can be employed for the preparation of various other compounds of this invention with suitable modifications known in the art.
• step 1 the diamino compound, 8 is contacted with carbon disulfide under suitable reaction conditions to form the imidazoline-2-thione derivative, 9.
• the cyclization can be effected by any of the procedures known in the art. Typically, this reaction is carried out at an elevated temperature in the range of from about 80° C. to 100° C. preferably in the presence of a suitable solvent such as absolute ethanol and the like.
• step 2 the imidazoline-2-thione derivative, 9 is methylated using any of the known methylating agents such as methyl iodide to form the thiomethyl derivative, 10, which is further contacted with a suitable protective agent to form the N-protected derivative, 11.
• a suitable protective agent to form the N-protected derivative, 11.
• Various N-protecting groups that are known in the art can be employed in this step, see for example, Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis by T. Greene, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2 nd Ed., 1991.
• Scheme 2, step 3 shows the N-protection using tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) group. This can be effected by treating the thiomethyl derivative, 10 with di-tert-butyl-dicarbonate.
• This N-protection reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a base such as triethylamine and 4-dimethylamino-pyridine (DMAP) in a suitable organic
• step 4 the N-protected thiomethyl-imidazoline derivative, 11 is reacted with a desirable amino compound to form the N-protected-2-amino-imidazoline derivative, 12.
• This reaction can generally be carried out using any of the methods known in the art.
• the derivative, 11 is contacted with a suitable amine in an art recognized solvent such as methanol or ethanol at a suitable reaction temperature.
• the suitable reaction temperature is in the range of from about 80° C. to 120° C., however, lower or higher temperatures can be utilized depending upon the imidazoline compound, 11 and the amino compound that are being employed.
• the Boc group is cleaved suitably under acidic reaction conditions such as hydrochloric acid to form the 2-aminosubstituted imidazoline, 13.
• acidic reaction conditions such as hydrochloric acid
• the thiomethyl imidazoline, 11 can be aminated and the protective group is cleaved in the same step to form the 2-aminosubstituted imidazoline, 13 as shown in step 4A.
• Scheme 4 illustrates an alternative method for the preparation of certain N-substituted imidazoline compounds of this invention. This approach is particularly suitable for those compounds in which X—Y is —NHCO—.
• step 1 the N-protected thiomethyl derivative, 14 is prepared in an analogous manner as described above for the preparation of derivative, 11.
• the thiomethyl derivative, 14 is then contacted with ammonia to form the 2-amino imidazoline compound, 15.
• This reaction can be carried out using any of the procedures known in the art.
• the amination can be carried out by reacting the N-protected thiomethyl derivative, 14 with ammonia in an organic solvent such as ethylene glycol under pressure at a temperature in the range of from about 100° C. to 130° C.
• the N-protected group is also cleaved.
• step 2 the nitrogen of the imidazoline ring is again protected using the Boc group as described above.
• step 3 the amino group is amidated using any of the known carboxylating agents.
• this reaction can be conveniently carried out using a carboxylic acid chloride in the presence of a suitable acid acceptor such as triethylamine.
• Additional acylating agent activators or a base can be employed such as for example DMAP.
• the reaction is typically carried out in aprotic organic solvents such as dichloromethane or a hydrocarbon solvent such as hexanes, petroleum ether or mixtures thereof.
• the N-protecting group is removed in Scheme 4, step 4 as described above.
• Scheme 5 illustrates preparation of various imidazoline compounds of this invention wherein X—Y is —(CH 2 ) a -Z-(CH 2 ) b - and wherein Z is O, S NR 6 , or Z is a bond, and a is 0 or 1 and b is 1 or 2. This approach is particularly suitable for those compounds in which a is 1.
• the starting 1,2-diaminoethane derivative, 8B can be prepared following the procedures of scheme 2B.
• the diamine, 8B is then contacted with a carboxylic acid ester derivative, 19 to form the imidazoline compound, 20.
• R d is C 1-4 alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl.
• the condensation of 8B with 19 can be carried out using any of the procedures known in the art. However, it has now been found that contacting of 8B with 19 in the presence of an alkyl aluminum reagent such as trimethylaluminum provides a convenient method for the preparation of 20.
• the condensation can typically be carried out in a hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene in an inert atmosphere at a temperature in the range of from about 50° C. to 80° C.
• the condensation reaction can also be carried out using various other carboxylic acid ester equivalents such as nitrites, carboxylic acid halides, preferably chlorides or bromides, carboxylic acid anhydrides, mixed anhydrides of carboxylic acids, and the like.
• One such example of condensation reaction with nitrites is shown in Scheme 5A.
• reaction shown in Scheme 5A is particularly useful for the preparation of imidazoline compound, 20, wherein Z is O, a is 1 and b is 0.
• the reaction is carried out essentially under similar conditions as described above for Scheme 5.
• the imidazoline thione, 9A is converted to an imidazoline compound, 21 of this invention, wherein X—Y is —(CH 2 ) a -Z-(CH 2 ) b - in which Z is S and a is 0.
• the starting compound, 9A can be synthesized following the procedures set forth for the preparation of intermediate, 9 in Scheme 3 above and employing the 1,2-diaminoethane compound, 8B.
• the imidazoline thione, 9A is contacted with a halide compound such as R 5 (CH 2 ) b Cl in a suitable organic solvent preferably at elevated temperatures to form the product, 21.
• suitable organic solvents include alcohols such as ethanol or halogenated solvents such as ethylene chloride and mixtures thereof, ethanol being the preferred solvent.
• the reaction is suitably carried out at a temperature range of from about 80° C. to 100° C.
• Scheme 7 illustrates another method for the preparation of imidazoline compounds, 23 in which X—Y is —(CH 2 ) a -Z-(CH 2 ) b - in which Z is a bond and a is 0.
• step 1 one of the starting materials, the nitrile intermediate, 23 is prepared by treating a desirable nitrile compound, 22 with methanol in the presence of a suitable acid such as hydrochloric acid.
• step 2 the intermediate, 23 is then reacted with 1,2-diaminoethane compound, 8B preferably at superambient temperatures to form the imidazoline compound, 24 of this invention.
• This reaction is generally carried out in an alcoholic solvent such as ethanol in the temperature range of from about 80° C. to 100° C.
• Scheme 8 shows preparation of a specific class of imidazoline compounds of this invention in which X—Y is —(CH 2 ) a -Z-(CH 2 ) b - and in which Z is a bond and a is 0, and b is 2, and R 5 is phenyl or substituted phenyl, wherein Ra is any of the suitable substituent as defined herein. Additionally, one of the methylene groups is substituted with a hydroxy group.
• the compound 25 can be prepared following the procedures of scheme 7 and employing acetonitrile as the starting nitrile compound, 22.
• the nitrogen atom of the imidazoline compound, 25 is then protected with tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) using the procedures as described above.
• the N-protected imidazoline compound, 26 is then contacted with a carbanion donor such as n-butyl lithium and the resulting anion of 26 is reacted with benzaldehyde or substituted benzaldehyde.
• This reaction is generally carried out at subambient temperature conditions such as for example in the temperature range of from about ⁇ 70° C. to ⁇ 40° C., usually in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen or argon.
• the resulting product, 27 is then contacted with a suitable acid to remove the N-protecting group to form the imidazoline compound, 28.
• the imidazoline compounds of this invention can also be prepared by any of the solid phase synthesis known in the art.
• the solid phase synthesis can also involve any of the known parallel or combinatorial methods such that a wide array of imidazoline compounds can be prepared.
• One such solid phase approach is shown in Scheme 9.
• N-substituted imidazoline compounds of this invention can also be synthesized using a procedure that is very similar to the one depicted in Scheme 9. This is illustrated in Scheme 9A.
• the 1,2-diaminoethane compound, 8B is reacted first with a solid phase resin to form the intermediate 29, which is subsequently reacted with a desirable aldehyde in the presence of a suitable reducing agent such as sodium cyanoborohydride in the presence of an acid such as acetic acid and a suitable solvent or a solvent mixture (e.g., dichloromethane, trimethylorthoformate (TMOF) or mixtures thereof and the like).
• a suitable reducing agent such as sodium cyanoborohydride
• an acid such as acetic acid
• a suitable solvent or a solvent mixture e.g., dichloromethane, trimethylorthoformate (TMOF) or mixtures thereof and the like.
• N-substituted compound, 30A is then cleaved-off from the solid resin as described herein to obtain compound, 31A which in turn is condensed with a suitable one carbon containing condensating agent such as ethyl formimidate hydrochloride or any other known condensating agent to form the N-substituted imidazoline compound, 32A.
• a suitable one carbon containing condensating agent such as ethyl formimidate hydrochloride or any other known condensating agent to form the N-substituted imidazoline compound, 32A.
• Scheme 10 illustrates a preparation of a specific class of imidazoline compounds of this invention in which substituents R 1 and R 3 are different.
• the 1,2-diamino-ethane, 37 can be prepared.
• various other 1,2-diamino-ethane compounds can be prepared by starting with the appropriate starting carboxylic acid, 33 and the Grignard reagent.
• the diamine, 37 is then condensed with the desired carboxylic acid derivative, 38 to form the imidazoline compound, 39 of this invention, in which R 5 , Z, R a , a and b are as defined herein.
• the condensation of 37 with 38 can be carried out using the procedures as described in Scheme 5.
• any of the known carboxylic acid equivalents as described above can be employed in place of carboxylic acid ester, 37, see Scheme 5A.
• Scheme 11 shows N-substitution reaction to form the N-substituted imidazoline derivatives of this invention.
• Any of the N-substitution reactions known in the art can be employed in this method.
• the imidazoline compound, IIA prepared in accordance with any of the procedures set forth in Schemes 1-10 is reacted with suitable reagent, R-Hal, to form the N-substituted compound, II of this invention wherein R is as defined herein other than hydrogen.
• the reagent, R-Hal is any reagent known in the art which is suitable for a N-substitution reaction.
• Hal is preferably a halogen such as chlorine or bromine, but any other suitable leaving group can be used.
• the imidazoline compound can be reacted with acylating reagents such as carboxylic acid chloride to form N-amide derivative.
• acylating reagents such as carboxylic acid chloride
• reaction with a wide variety of chloroformates results in carbamate derivatives
• reaction with alkyl or aryl halides results in alkyl or aryl derivatives.
• the disease that can be effectively treated with the compounds of this invention is inflammatory bowel disease.
• the disease state that can be treated in accordance with the method of this invention is rheumatoid arthritis.
• various disease states that are associated with central nervous system can be treated using the compounds of this invention.
• Specific CNS disease conditions include, but not limited to, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, septic shock and head trauma.
• the compounds of this invention can be used in the method of treating various disease states as described herein.
• the compounds of this invention are capable of antagonizing the effects of P2X7 receptor and thereby alleviating the inflammatory effects caused due to the P2X7 receptors.
• the compounds of this invention can be administered by any of the methods known in the art. Specifically, the compounds of this invention can be administered by oral, intramuscular, subcutaneous, rectal, intratracheal, intranasal, intraperitoneal or topical route.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in combination with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for treating diseases selected from the group consisting of inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and diseases associated with central nervous system, wherein said compound is of the formula (II) as described herein, including the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• diseases selected from the group consisting of inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and diseases associated with central nervous system
• said compound is of the formula (II) as described herein, including the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• all of the compounds encompassing the generic scope of the formula (II) are used in the composition of this invention.
• the disease that can be effectively treated with the composition of this invention is inflammatory bowel disease.
• the disease state that can be treated in accordance with the composition of this invention is rheumatoid arthritis.
• various disease states that are associated with central nervous system can be treated using the compositions of this invention.
• specific CNS disease conditions include, but not limited to, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, septic shock and head trauma.
• compositions comprising the compounds of this invention are capable of antagonizing the effects of P2X7 receptor and thereby alleviating the inflammatory effects caused due to the P2X7 receptors.
• the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention are in unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills, capsules, powders, granules, sterile parenteral solutions or suspensions, metered aerosol or liquid sprays, drops, ampoules, auto-injector devices or suppositories; for oral, parenteral, intranasal, sublingual or rectal administration, or for administration by inhalation or insufflation.
• the compositions may be presented in a form suitable for once-weekly or once-monthly administration; for example, an insoluble salt of the active compound, such as the decanoate salt, may be adapted to provide a depot preparation for intramuscular injection.
• An erodible polymer containing the active ingredient may be envisaged.
• the principal active ingredient is mixed with a pharmaceutical carrier, e.g. conventional tableting ingredients such as corn starch, lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate or gums, and other pharmaceutical diluents, e.g. water, to form a solid preformulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• a pharmaceutical carrier e.g. conventional tableting ingredients such as corn starch, lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate or gums, and other pharmaceutical diluents, e.g. water
• a pharmaceutical carrier e.g. conventional tableting ingredients such as corn starch, lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate
• This solid preformulation composition is then subdivided into unit dosage forms of the type described above containing from 0.1 to about 500 mg of the active ingredient of the present invention.
• Flavored unit dosage forms contain from 1 to 100 mg, for example 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 or 100 mg, of the active ingredient.
• the tablets or pills of the novel composition can be coated or otherwise compounded to provide a dosage form affording the advantage of prolonged action.
• the tablet or pill can comprise an inner dosage and an outer dosage component, the latter being in the form of an envelope over the former.
• the two components can be separated by an enteric layer which serves to resist disintegration in the stomach and permits the inner component to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release.
• enteric layers or coatings such materials including a number of polymeric acids and mixtures of polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, cetyl alcohol and cellulose acetate.
• liquid forms in which the novel compositions of the present invention may be incorporated for administration orally or by injection include aqueous solutions, suitably flavored syrups, aqueous or oil suspensions, and flavored emulsions with edible oils such as cottonseed oil, sesame oil, coconut oil or peanut oil, as well as elixirs and similar pharmaceutical vehicles.
• Suitable dispersing or suspending agents for aqueous suspensions include synthetic and natural gums such as tragacanth, acacia, alginate, dextran, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone or gelatin.
• compositions of this invention can be administered by any of the methods known in the art.
• the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention can be administered by oral, intramuscular, subcutaneous, rectal, intratracheal, intranasal, intraperitoneal or topical route.
• the preferred administration of the pharmaceutical composition of this invention is by an intranasal route. Any of the known methods to administer pharmaceutical compositions by an intranasal route can be used to administer the composition of this invention.
• a suitable dosage level is about 0.01 to 250 mg/kg per day, preferably about 0.05 to 100 mg/kg per day, and especially about 0.05 to 20 mg/kg per day.
• the compounds may be administered on a regimen of 1 to 4 times per day.
• Preparative reversed phase HPLC was carried out on a Rainin SD1 unit using a Dynamax C 18 column (60 A spherical 13 ⁇ m particles).
• the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile/buffer mixtures, with buffer composed of distilled water, acetonitrile, and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in the ratio listed in the experimental procedures.
• Mass spectra were obtained on a Finnigan MAT Model TSQ 700 Mass Spectrometer System by chemical ionization at 120 eV using methane (CI, 120 eV).
• the protonated molecular ion designated as (M + +1) is given in parentheses.
• Ionization mode electrospray (ESI)
• Source temperature 120° C.
• Desolvation temperature 250° C.
• Cone voltage 25 volt
• the crude intermediate (5.0 g, 10.5 mmol) is suspended in 50% H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O (50 mL) and heated at 180° C. overnight. Water (5 mL portions) is added every 30 min for the first 2 h. The reaction mixture is cooled (ice bath), and water is added slowly. The solution is extracted with ether. The cold aqueous layer is basified with conc. NH 4 OH, and extracted with ether. The combined ether extracts are dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to yield 2.6 g of the product 4.
• the crude intermediate (30.0 g, 63 mmol) is suspended in 50% H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O (300 mL) and heated at 170° C. for 10 h. Water (5 mL portions) is added every 30 min for the first 2 h. The reaction mixture is cooled (ice bath), and water is added slowly. The solution is extracted with ether. The cold aqueous layer is basified with conc. NH 4 OH, and extracted with ether. The combined ether extracts are dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to yield 14.6 g of the product 5.
• the crude intermediate (30 g, 63 mmol) is suspended in 50% H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O (300 mL) and heated at 180° C. for 7 h.
• the reaction mixture is cooled (ice bath), and water is added slowly.
• the solution is extracted with ether.
• the cold aqueous layer is basified with conc. NH 4 OH, and extracted with ether.
• the combined ether extracts are dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to yield 8.14 g of the product 7.
• the crude intermediate (30 g, 55 mmol) is suspended in 50% H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O (300 mL) and heated at 180° C. for 7 h.
• the reaction mixture is cooled (ice bath), and water is added slowly.
• the solution is extracted with ether.
• the cold aqueous layer is basified with conc. NH 4 OH, and extracted with ether.
• the combined ether extracts are dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to yield 8.14 g of the product 8.
• the crude intermediate (107 g, 0.193 mol) is suspended in 50% H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O (500 mL) and heated at 180° C. for 10 h.
• the reaction mixture is cooled (ice bath), and water is added slowly.
• the solution is extracted with ether.
• the cold aqueous layer is basified with conc. NH 4 OH, and extracted with ether.
• the combined ether extracts are dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to yield 38.1 g of the product 9.
• the crude intermediate from above is suspended in 50% H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O (400 mL) and heated at 170° C. overnight. The reaction mixture is cooled (ice bath), and water (200 mL) is added slowly. The solution is extracted with ether. The cold aqueous layer is basified with conc. NH 4 OH, and extracted with ether. The combined ether extracts are dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to yield the product 10.
• the crude intermediate (34.2 g, 70 mmol) is suspended in 50% H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O (200 mL) and heated at 180° C. for 5 h and then at 150° C. overnight.
• the reaction mixture is cooled (ice bath), and water (100 mL) is added slowly.
• the solution is extracted with ether.
• the cold aqueous layer is basified with conc. NH 4 OH, and extracted with ether.
• the combined ether extracts are dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to yield 13.6 g of the product 11.
• the crude intermediate (79.7 g, 173 mmol) is suspended in 50% H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O (200 mL) and heated at 180° C. for 5 h.
• the reaction mixture is cooled (ice bath), and water (200 mL) is added slowly.
• the solution is extracted with ether.
• the cold aqueous layer is basified with conc. NH 4 OH, and extracted with ether.
• the combined ether extracts are dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to yield 5.18 g of the product 12.
• the crude intermediate (67.8 g, 147 mmol) is suspended in 50% H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O (500 mL) and heated at 180° C. overnight. The reaction mixture is cooled (ice bath), and water (200 mL) is added slowly. The solution is extracted with ether. The cold aqueous layer is basified with conc. NH 4 OH, and extracted with ether. The combined ether extracts are dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to yield 7.83 g of the product 13.
• Hydrogen chloride is bubbled through a solution of benzil (24 g, 0.11 mmol) and sulfamide (11 g, 0.11 mmol) in methanol (120 mL) for 2 h followed by heating to reflux for 2 h.
• the reaction mixture is cooled to RT, and the precipitate that formed is filtered to give 25.1 g of the product 14.
• Hydrogen chloride is bubbled through a solution of 4,4′-difluorobenzil (5.0 g, 20.3 mmol) and sulfamide (2.67 g, 27.8 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) for 0.5 min followed by heating to reflux for 2 h.
• the reaction mixture is cooled to RT, and the precipitate that formed is filtered to give 3 g of the product 17.
• Hydrogen chloride is bubbled through a solution of 3,3′-difluorobenzil (20) (3.81 g, 15.7 mmol) and sulfamide (1.53 g, 15.9 mmol) in methanol (15 mL) for 0.5 min followed by heating at 66° C. for 2 h.
• the reaction mixture is cooled to RT, the solvent rotary evaporated, and the residue triturated from heptane to give 3.50 g of the product 21.
• This preparative example of an intermediate illustrate the synthesis of optically enriched isomeric form of 1,2-diphenyl-propane-1,2-diamine that can be employed in the syntheses of various imidazole compounds of the present invention following the synthetic procedures as disclosed herein.
• 1,2-Diphenyl-propane-1,2-diamine (7.5 grams, 0.033 mol) and (+)-di-p-toluoyl-D-tartaric acid (12.8 grams, 0.33 mol) are dissolved in a refluxing mixture of 200 mL acetonitrile and 40 mL water. The mixture is stirred and cooled to room temperature during 3 hours. The stirring is continued for additional two hours at room temperature. The precipitate so formed is collected by filtration and rinsed with 90% aqueous acetonitrile, 12.1 grams of the salt is isolated with an e.e. of 50% for the diamine.
• Step 1 2-(Benzylamino)-cis-4,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (77).
• Step 1 2-(Cyclohexylmethylamino)-cis-4,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (79).
• Step 1 2-(N-Methylbenzylamino)-cis-4,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (81).
• Hydrogen chloride is bubbled into a solution of 81 (110 mg, 0.25 mmol) in EtOAc (10 mL) for 1 min, and the solution is stirred at RT for 6 h. The solvent is removed by rotary evaporation, and the residue triturated with Et 2 O. The insoluble material is dissolved in dichloromethane and Et 2 O is added, and the precipitate is filtered to give 43 mg of the product 82.
• Step 1 cis-4,5-Diphenyl-2-(3,4,5-trifluorobenzylamino)-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (83).
• Step 1 2-(4-Fluorobenzylamino)-cis-4,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (85).
• Hydrogen chloride is bubbled into a solution of 85 (0.69 g, 1.58 mmol) in EtOAc (40 mL) for 2 min, and the solution is stirred at RT overnight and then at 45° C. for 3 h. The solvent is removed by rotary evaporation, and the residue crystallized from dichloromethane and Et 2 O to give 0.52 g of the product 86.
• Step 1 2-(3-Fluorobenzylamino)-cis-4,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (87).
• Step 1 2-(3,5-Difluorobenzylamino)-cis-4,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (89).
• Step 1 2-[2-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethylamino]-cis-4,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (91).
• Step 1 2-(Phenethylamino)-cis-4,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (93).
• reaction block A mixture of intermediate 60 (300 mg, 0.742 mmol), benzylamine (0.5 mL, 4.6 mmol) is heated at 95° C. (reaction block) overnight. The reaction mixture is cooled to RT. The corresponding N-Boc intermediate is not isolated. The reaction mixture is dissolved in dichloromethane, washed with 0.1N HCl, H 2 O, brine, and then dried (MgSO 4 ). The mixture is filtered and evaporated, and the residue dissolved in EtOAc. Hydrogen chloride is bubbled into the solution for 5 min, and the solution is stirred at RT overnight.
• reaction block A mixture of intermediate 60 (300 mg, 0.742 mmol), 3,4-difluorobenzylamine (0.5 mL, 4.2 mmol) is heated at 95° C. (reaction block) overnight. The reaction mixture is cooled to RT. The corresponding N-Boc intermediate is not isolated. The reaction mixture is dissolved in dichloromethane, washed with 0.1N HCl, H 2 O, brine, and then dried (MgSO 4 ). The mixture is filtered and evaporated, and the residue dissolved in EtOAc. Hydrogen chloride is bubbled into the solution for 5 min, and the solution is stirred at RT overnight.
• reaction block A mixture of intermediate 60 (300 mg, 0.742 mmol), 3-methylbenzylamine (0.5 mL, 3.9 mmol) is heated at 95° C. (reaction block) overnight. The reaction mixture is cooled to RT. The corresponding N-Boc intermediate is not isolated. The reaction mixture is dissolved in dichloromethane, washed with 0.1N HCl, H 2 O, brine, and then dried (MgSO 4 ). The mixture is filtered and evaporated, and the residue dissolved in EtOAc. Hydrogen chloride is bubbled into the solution for 5 min, and the solution is stirred at RT overnight.
• reaction block A mixture of intermediate 65 (300 mg, 0.760 mmol), benzylamine (0.5 mL, 4.6 mmol) is heated at 95° C. (reaction block) overnight. The reaction mixture is cooled to RT. The corresponding N-Boc intermediate is not isolated. The reaction mixture is dissolved in dichloromethane, washed with 0.1N HCl, H 2 O, brine, and then dried (MgSO 4 ). The mixture is filtered and evaporated, and the residue dissolved in EtOAc. Hydrogen chloride is bubbled into the solution for 5 min, and the solution is stirred at RT overnight.
• reaction block A mixture of intermediate 65 (300 mg, 0.760 mmol), 3-fluorobenzylamine (0.5 mL, 4.4 mmol) is heated at 95° C. (reaction block) overnight. The reaction mixture is cooled to RT. The corresponding N-Boc intermediate is not isolated. The reaction mixture is dissolved in dichloromethane, washed with 0.1N HCl, H 2 O, brine, and then dried (MgSO 4 ). The mixture is filtered and evaporated, and the residue dissolved in EtOAc. Hydrogen chloride is bubbled into the solution for 5 min, and the solution is stirred at RT overnight.
• reaction block A mixture of intermediate 65 (300 mg, 0.760 mmol), 4-fluorobenzylamine (0.5 mL, 4.4 mmol) is heated at 95° C. (reaction block) overnight. The reaction mixture is cooled to RT. The corresponding N-Boc intermediate is not isolated. The reaction mixture is dissolved in dichloromethane, washed with 0.1N HCl, H 2 O, brine, and then dried (MgSO 4 ). The mixture is filtered and evaporated, and the residue dissolved in EtOAc. Hydrogen chloride is bubbled into the solution for 5 min, and the solution is stirred at RT overnight.
• reaction block A mixture of intermediate 65 (300 mg, 0.760 mmol), 3,4-difluorobenzylamine (0.5 mL, 4.2 mmol) is heated at 95° C. (reaction block) overnight. The reaction mixture is cooled to RT. The corresponding N-Boc intermediate is not isolated. The reaction mixture is dissolved in dichloromethane, washed with 0.1N HCl, H 2 O, brine, and then dried (MgSO 4 ). The mixture is filtered and evaporated, and the residue dissolved in EtOAc. Hydrogen chloride is bubbled into the solution for 5 min, and the solution is stirred at RT overnight.
• Step 1 2-(Benzylamino)-cis-4,5-bis-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (160).
• Step 1 2-(4-Fluorobenzyamino)-cis-4,5-bis-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (162).
• Step 1 2-(3,4-Difluorobenzyamino)-cis-4,5-bis-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (164).
• reaction block A mixture of intermediate 76 (200 mg, 0.0.740 mmol), benzylamine (0.5 mL, 4.6 mmol) is heated at 100° C. (reaction block) overnight. The reaction mixture is cooled to RT. The reaction mixture is diluted with dichloromethane, washed with 0.1N HCl, and brine. The solvent is evaporated, and the residue triturated with EtOAc, and the insoluble material filtered to give 207 mg of the product 189.
• Step 1 2-[(3-Fluorobenzyl)amino]-cis-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (191).
• Step 1 2-[(4-Fluorobenzyl)amino]-cis-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (193).
• Step 1 2-[(3,4-Difluorobenzyl)amino]-cis-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (195).

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