US6973908B2 - Apparatus and method of lubricating of piston engine - Google Patents

Apparatus and method of lubricating of piston engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US6973908B2
US6973908B2 US10/297,558 US29755802A US6973908B2 US 6973908 B2 US6973908 B2 US 6973908B2 US 29755802 A US29755802 A US 29755802A US 6973908 B2 US6973908 B2 US 6973908B2
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Prior art keywords
lubrication
lubricating medium
pressure
lubricating
ducting
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US10/297,558
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US20030131819A1 (en
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Daniel Paro
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Wartsila Technology Oy AB
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Wartsila Technology Oy AB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/16—Controlling lubricant pressure or quantity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/12—Closed-circuit lubricating systems not provided for in groups F01M1/02 - F01M1/10
    • F01M2001/123—Closed-circuit lubricating systems not provided for in groups F01M1/02 - F01M1/10 using two or more pumps

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an arrangement for lubricating a piston engine.
  • the invention also relates to a method of lubricating a piston engine.
  • Forced circulation lubricating systems are commonly used for lubricating of various rotational and moving parts of combustion engines.
  • lubricating medium is fed by means of a delivery ductwork system from a container to lubrication targets, after which the lubricating medium is accumulated and led back to the container.
  • the pressure for circulating the lubricating medium is provided by oil pumping means.
  • an oil pump sucks oil from the oil sump of the engine and pumps the oil through a cooler and filter to the ductwork or channels leading to the various lubrication targets. From the lubricated targets the oil drains back to the bottom of the crankcase to the oil sump.
  • the system is designed so that the pressure of the oil is suitable for lubricating the lubrication targets.
  • the pressure of the oil is dependent on the rotating speed of the engine and the oil pressure is approximately constant at various parts of the lubricating system.
  • the system does not take into account specific requirements for different lubrication targets or operational circumstances.
  • lubricating oil for piston units includes drawbacks in the case of large two-stroke engines.
  • EP-A-0903473 there is shown a lubricating system for a large two-stroke engine, in which the lubricating medium is delivered to the piston by means of separate linked levers provided with flow channels.
  • a separate oil feeding device is provided for each cross head, which device operates by the effect of reciprocating movement of the cross head.
  • the feed of lubricating medium is also set to a certain level, which is not adjustable during the operation of the engine and thus does not necessarily correspond to the optimum lubrication for all operating circumstances.
  • the main bearings of engine crankshafts are usually hydrodynamic bearings.
  • the efficiency of lubricating such bearings is based on creating a film of oil between the bearing surfaces.
  • the settling of the shaft is dependent on, among other matters, the peripheral velocity of the shaft pin.
  • the lubrication is not ideal, for example, during engine start-up.
  • an aim of the present invention to provide a lubricating arrangement for a piston engine which minimises the shortcomings of the prior art.
  • a lubricating arrangement by means of which the feeding of lubricating medium for lubricating engine parts, e.g. pistons, takes place reliably and efficiently.
  • a method of lubricating a piston engine in which shortcomings of the prior art are minimised.
  • an arrangement for lubricating a piston engine comprising a source of lubricating medium, pressure elevation means for the lubricating medium, and a first ducting means for leading the lubricating medium to lubrication targets of the engine. Additionally the arrangement comprises a second ducting means, which is separate from the first ducting means, and which has been provided with a valve arrangement controllable by external control for controlling flow of lubricating medium in the second ducting means. The second ducting means is connectable in flow communication with a source of lubricating medium through the valve arrangement.
  • the second ducting means preferably comprises second pressure elevating means separate from the first pressure elevating means, which facilitates better independent control over the process.
  • the separate second ducting means may be arranged as a section of the first ducting means of the piston engine, whereas the engine comprises both a traditional forced circulating lubricating system and a separate delivery ductwork section which is provided with a valve arrangement controllable by an external control unit.
  • the separate second ducting means is connected to the first ducting means, i.e. to the traditional forced circulating lubrication system, as a first branching duct in a flow direction of the lubricating medium after the pressure elevating means, whereas the obtainable pressure level is at its highest.
  • the arrangement comprises a pressure accumulator in flow communication with the source of lubricating medium, to which accumulator the second ducting means is connectable by means of said valve arrangement.
  • Lubricating medium is fed by a pressure elevating means first to a pressure accumulator, in which a predetermined pressure level is maintained and from which the lubricating medium is fed by means of the valve arrangement to ductwork leading to respective lubrication targets.
  • the pressure accumulator it is possible to separate the production of pressure and distribution of lubricating oil, whereby the lubrication becomes more effective and better corresponds with actual requirements.
  • the feed of lubricating medium may be controlled, for example so that the starting moment of the feed and/or its duration, is controlled by an external control unit.
  • the second ducting means is connected to a lubricating channel leading to a piston unit of the engine, whereby the benefits of the invention are especially efficiently utilised.
  • a pressure driven non-return valve or the like is preferably arranged n the piston unit.
  • the valve arrangement is arranged to co-operate with a control unit adapted to control the operation of the valve arrangement.
  • the control unit receives measurement signals sent by sensors measuring parameters of lubrication targets of the engine.
  • the valve arrangement for separate ductwork sections connected to different lubrication targets, and measurement sensors measuring parameters, such as bearing temperatures, of the different lubrication targets are connected to the control unit.
  • the lubrication of each lubrication target is independently adjustable in dependence on the measurement signals from the sensors.
  • the control unit controls the valve arrangement in dependence on the measurement signals sent by sensors measuring the parameters of the engine and/by stored control information. It is possible to supply measuring value defining parameters of respective lubrication targets to the control unit.
  • the control unit may control each lubrication target independently of other lubrication targets based on the measurement signals and/or stored information.
  • the feeding lubricating medium may be controlled so that the starting time and/or duration is controlled by the external control unit.
  • control unit preferably also controls the operation of the separate pressure elevating means.
  • a method of lubricating a piston engine comprising feeding lubricating medium from a source of lubricating medium by means of a pump or the like pressure elevating means to a lubricating medium delivery ductwork. From the delivery ductwork the lubricating medium is further fed to at least one lubrication target of the engine. Part of the lubricating medium fed to the at least one lubrication target is preferably fed through a separate pressure elevating means independent from operation of other pressure elevating means for the lubricating medium, to a certain lubrication target by means of a valve arrangement provided in connection with the separate ductwork. The valve arrangement is controlled by an external, independent control.
  • the invention results in several benefits.
  • the lubrication may be carried out precisely according to requirements of the lubrication target. Additionally lubrication may be controlled based on actual, for example measured, engine values, whereby the lubrication corresponds to the needs set by operating conditions. Moreover, by means of the invention it is possible to take the quality of lubricating medium into account, for example so that lubrication is altered according to service life of the lubricating medium.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention for lubricating a piston engine
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a lubrication arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a lubrication arrangement according to the invention for lubricating a piston.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a lubrication arrangement of a piston engine 1 .
  • the engine 1 comprises an oil sump 2 , as a source of lubricating medium, from which an oil pump 3 sucks oil and pumps it through a cooler 4 and a filter 5 to lubricating medium ductwork 7 leading to locations to be lubricated. From the lubricated locations, such as piston lubrication 6 . 1 and crankshaft lubrication 6 . 2 , oil drains back to the bottom of crankcase to the oil sump 2 .
  • the lubrication arrangement according to the invention comprises at least one ducting means i.e. ductwork section 7 . 1 ′, 7 . 2 ′ provided with a valve arrangement 9 .
  • the ductwork section 7 . 1 ′, 7 . 2 ′ is preferably independently controllable and separate from the other lubricating medium delivery ductwork 7 .
  • the valve arrangement 9 . 1 , 9 . 2 is controllable by means of the control unit 8 for controlling the flow of lubricating oil in the ductwork section 7 . 1 ′, 7 . 2 ′.
  • the ductwork section 7 . 1 ′, 7 . 2 ′ is connected to a first branching part of the delivery ductwork 7 in a flow direction of the lubricating medium after the pressure elevating means 3 .
  • the arrangement also comprises a pressure accumulator 10 in flow communication with the source of lubricating medium 2 .
  • the ductwork section 7 . 1 ′, 7 , 2 ′ is connected to the pressure accumulator 10 by means of the valve arrangement 9 . 1 , 9 . 2 .
  • the pressure accumulator it is possible to ensure adequate flow rate of oil while a valve or valves of the valve arrangement 9 . 1 , 9 . 2 are opened.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown in dotted line an optional additional separate pump 3 ′ which may be used for raising the pressure to a higher level than prevailing in the other delivery ductwork 7 .
  • the oil pump of the engine in addition to other lubrication, pumps oil to the pressure accumulator 10 , from which oil is fed by means of valves of the valve arrangement 9 . 1 , 9 . 2 to pre-selected lubrication targets by controlling the starting moment and the duration of the feeding.
  • the arrangement of the invention may be utilised, for example, in hydrodynamic bearings.
  • the main bearings 6 . 2 amongst other bearings, are commonly hydrodynamic bearings.
  • By utilising the invention it is possible, for example, to separate the bearing surfaces from each other by opening the valve 9 . 2 for a period of time during the starting stage of the engine 1 , while the operation of the bearing has not yet stabilised with respect of its rotation speed. In this way it is possible to avoid overheating of the bearing, whereby its service life and replacement interval are considerably increased.
  • the timing controlled lubrication of the invention it is possible to positively affect on other lubrication targets as well.
  • Sensors 13 . 1 , 13 . 2 are provided for monitoring and measuring the parameters of the engine 1 . Based on the measurement signals provided by the sensors it is possible to control the lubrication.
  • the valve arrangement 9 . 1 , 9 . 2 is arranged in co-operation with a control unit 8 .
  • the control unit 8 is adapted to control the operation of the valve arrangement 9 . 1 , 9 . 2 by receiving measurement signals from the sensors 13 . 1 , 13 . 2 measuring the parameters of the lubrication targets 6 . 1 , 6 . 2 , respectively, of the engine. This may be realised advantageously so that a valve arrangement 9 . 1 , 9 .
  • control unit 8 of a ductwork section connected to a certain lubrication target 6 . 1 , 6 . 2 , and a measurement sensor 13 . 1 , 13 . 2 measuring parameters of the same lubrication target, such as bearing temperature, are connected in cooperation with the control unit 8 , whereby the lubrication of the lubrication target is independently adjustable based on measurement information.
  • the control unit 8 may have other information or set values stored therein or fed thereto influencing or affecting the lubrication, its requirements and efficiency.
  • FIG. 2 shows a totally separate ductwork section from any other lubricating system of the engine 1 .
  • the separate lubricating section comprises a separate pressure elevating means 3 ′ operationally independent from the lubrication oil elevating means 3 of the engine 1 .
  • the separate pressure elevating means 3 ′ sucks lubrication oil from an oil source, such as oil sump 2 .
  • the source of lubrication oil may also be external and separate from the oil source for other lubrication of the engine.
  • the arrangement preferably comprises a pressure accumulator 10 , to which the separate, second oil pump 3 ′ feeds oil and maintains a desired pressure level.
  • the volume of the pressure accumulator 10 is arranged so that the pressure is enough for respective oil flow rate requirement.
  • the pump 3 ′ may be driven separately from or be independently settable from means for rotating the engine, for example it may be driven by an electric motor.
  • the control unit 8 may control the output of the pump directly or indirectly by controlling, for example, the speed of rotation of the electric motor or the amount of oil by-pass flow rate (not shown).
  • a pressure sensor 11 In connection with the pressure accumulator 10 there may be a pressure sensor 11 the output of which may be fed to the control unit 8 to adjust the operation of the pump 3 ′.
  • the pressure prevailing in the accumulator 10 may, according to need and lubrication target, be from a few bars even up to thousands of bars.
  • Each valve arrangement 9 . 1 , 9 . 2 preferably comprise a magnetic valve, whereby the starting moment and duration of oil flow/pressure pulse may be adjusted extremely accurately under control of the control unit 8 .
  • An adequate number of valves 9 . 1 , 9 . 2 are provided in connection with the pressure accumulator 10 . It is possible, according to the invention, by utilising the pressure accumulator and the valves, to separate the production of pressure and distribution of lubricating oil, whereby the lubrication becomes more effective and better corresponds to actual needs.
  • the duration of the feed of the lubricating medium may at its shortest be even parts of a millisecond.
  • the pressure pulse may be triggered to be, for example, in synchronism with passing of lubrication openings of a rotating part of the bearing.
  • a preferred application of the invention is piston lubrication for low speed, large two-stroke engines.
  • This application is schematically illustrated in FIG. 1 and in a more detailed manner in FIG. 3 .
  • the lubrication principle may be partly or also totally of the fresh-oil lubrication type.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown the principle of feeding oil to a piston unit 14 and further to lubricating between the piston and cylinder 15 .
  • Lubrication oil is fed through a separate pipe linkage 12 to the piston in a manner known as such.
  • the oil is led first to the pressure accumulator 10 , as described above, in which a desired pressure is maintained. Oil is rationed for lubrication by means of the valve arrangement 9 . 1 under control of the control unit 8 .
  • the piston unit is provided with ductwork 16 for leading oil to the lubrication of the piston and the cylinder.
  • the duct opens via an outlet into a groove 17 arranged in the piston, by means of which groove the oil may spread to whole perimeter of the piston.
  • the ductwork 16 is provided in this kind of application with a pressure driven valve 18 or the like, so that withdrawal of oil from the system is prevented during a break of oil feed.
  • the valve 18 or the like is preferably provided in the piston unit 14 and more specifically in the piston in vicinity of the outlet. This kind of valve may, for example, be a non-return valve.
  • the timing of lubrication oil feed is determined by the control unit 8 based on information sent by one or several sensors measuring the parameters of the engine.
  • the sensor(s) may be adapted to measure, for example, temperature or position of each piston of the engine, 13 . 1 , or position information of rotational angle of the crankshaft 13 . 3 .
  • the feeding of oil is preferably carried out while the piston is moving towards top dead centre.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
US10/297,558 2000-06-19 2001-06-13 Apparatus and method of lubricating of piston engine Expired - Lifetime US6973908B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20001450A FI20001450A0 (fi) 2000-06-19 2000-06-19 Laitteisto ja menetelmä mäntämoottorin voitelemiseksi
FI20001450 2000-06-19
PCT/FI2001/000555 WO2001098638A1 (en) 2000-06-19 2001-06-13 Apparatus for and method of lubricating of piston engine

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US20030131819A1 US20030131819A1 (en) 2003-07-17
US6973908B2 true US6973908B2 (en) 2005-12-13

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US (1) US6973908B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1292761B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2004501312A (de)
AT (1) ATE329141T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2001267599A1 (de)
DE (1) DE60120403T2 (de)
DK (1) DK1292761T3 (de)
FI (1) FI20001450A0 (de)
WO (1) WO2001098638A1 (de)

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US20080202465A1 (en) * 2007-02-28 2008-08-28 Jeffrey Allen Injection system for an internal combustion engine
US20100192899A1 (en) * 2009-02-02 2010-08-05 Ford Global Technologies Llc Oil supply system for internal combustion engine
US20100292850A1 (en) * 2009-05-14 2010-11-18 Aikmeng Kuah Oil pressure controlling apparatus and system comprising same
US20110056769A1 (en) * 2006-02-17 2011-03-10 Cameron International Corporation Integrated lubrication module for compressors
US8904856B2 (en) 2013-05-09 2014-12-09 Caterpillar Inc. Diagnostic system and method for a bearing of a connecting rod
WO2018183682A1 (en) * 2017-03-30 2018-10-04 Quest Engines, LLC Internal combustion engine
US10465629B2 (en) 2017-03-30 2019-11-05 Quest Engines, LLC Internal combustion engine having piston with deflector channels and complementary cylinder head
US10526953B2 (en) 2017-03-30 2020-01-07 Quest Engines, LLC Internal combustion engine
US10590834B2 (en) 2017-03-30 2020-03-17 Quest Engines, LLC Internal combustion engine
US10590813B2 (en) 2017-03-30 2020-03-17 Quest Engines, LLC Internal combustion engine
US10598285B2 (en) 2017-03-30 2020-03-24 Quest Engines, LLC Piston sealing system
US10724428B2 (en) 2017-04-28 2020-07-28 Quest Engines, LLC Variable volume chamber device
US10753308B2 (en) 2017-03-30 2020-08-25 Quest Engines, LLC Internal combustion engine
US10753267B2 (en) 2018-01-26 2020-08-25 Quest Engines, LLC Method and apparatus for producing stratified streams
US10808866B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2020-10-20 Quest Engines, LLC Apparatus and methods for controlling the movement of matter
US10883498B2 (en) 2017-05-04 2021-01-05 Quest Engines, LLC Variable volume chamber for interaction with a fluid
US10989138B2 (en) 2017-03-30 2021-04-27 Quest Engines, LLC Internal combustion engine
US11041456B2 (en) 2017-03-30 2021-06-22 Quest Engines, LLC Internal combustion engine
US11134335B2 (en) 2018-01-26 2021-09-28 Quest Engines, LLC Audio source waveguide

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DE102009021126A1 (de) 2009-05-13 2010-11-18 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Brennkraftmaschine
GB0911564D0 (en) * 2009-07-03 2009-08-12 Merritt Dan Internal combustion engine
DK178033B1 (da) * 2010-06-04 2015-03-30 Hans Jensen Lubricators As Hydraulisk system, fortrinsvis et centralsmøresystem til cylindersmøring
US9624797B2 (en) * 2014-01-31 2017-04-18 Kohler Co. Lubricating system for internal combustion engine, oil pan apparatus, and internal combustion engine

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GB2058952A (en) 1979-07-21 1981-04-15 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag A lubricating system for an internal combustion engine
US4452188A (en) * 1981-04-17 1984-06-05 Nippon Soken, Inc. Apparatus for controlling feed of oil discharged from oil pump
US5526783A (en) 1992-06-29 1996-06-18 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Lubricant control
US5396867A (en) * 1992-12-22 1995-03-14 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Two-cycle engine
US5537959A (en) 1993-08-09 1996-07-23 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Lubricating system for engine
DE4441440A1 (de) 1994-11-23 1996-05-30 Iav Motor Gmbh Einrichtung zum intermittierenden Zuführen von Öl für eine 2-Takt-Brennkraftmaschine
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Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US20110056769A1 (en) * 2006-02-17 2011-03-10 Cameron International Corporation Integrated lubrication module for compressors
US8069949B2 (en) 2006-02-17 2011-12-06 Cameron International Corporation Integrated lubrication module for compressors
US8496089B2 (en) 2006-02-17 2013-07-30 Cameron International Corporation Integrated lubrication module for compressors
US9512752B2 (en) 2006-02-17 2016-12-06 Ingersoll-Rand Company Integrated lubrication module for compressors
US20080202465A1 (en) * 2007-02-28 2008-08-28 Jeffrey Allen Injection system for an internal combustion engine
US8051826B2 (en) * 2007-02-28 2011-11-08 Scion-Sprays Limited Injection system for an internal combustion engine
US20100192899A1 (en) * 2009-02-02 2010-08-05 Ford Global Technologies Llc Oil supply system for internal combustion engine
US8235022B2 (en) * 2009-02-02 2012-08-07 Ford Global Technologies Oil supply system for internal combustion engine
US20100292850A1 (en) * 2009-05-14 2010-11-18 Aikmeng Kuah Oil pressure controlling apparatus and system comprising same
US8346459B2 (en) 2009-05-14 2013-01-01 Aikmeng Kuah Oil pressure controlling apparatus and system comprising same
US8904856B2 (en) 2013-05-09 2014-12-09 Caterpillar Inc. Diagnostic system and method for a bearing of a connecting rod
US10465629B2 (en) 2017-03-30 2019-11-05 Quest Engines, LLC Internal combustion engine having piston with deflector channels and complementary cylinder head
US10753308B2 (en) 2017-03-30 2020-08-25 Quest Engines, LLC Internal combustion engine
US10526953B2 (en) 2017-03-30 2020-01-07 Quest Engines, LLC Internal combustion engine
US10590834B2 (en) 2017-03-30 2020-03-17 Quest Engines, LLC Internal combustion engine
US10590813B2 (en) 2017-03-30 2020-03-17 Quest Engines, LLC Internal combustion engine
US10598285B2 (en) 2017-03-30 2020-03-24 Quest Engines, LLC Piston sealing system
US11041456B2 (en) 2017-03-30 2021-06-22 Quest Engines, LLC Internal combustion engine
WO2018183682A1 (en) * 2017-03-30 2018-10-04 Quest Engines, LLC Internal combustion engine
US10989138B2 (en) 2017-03-30 2021-04-27 Quest Engines, LLC Internal combustion engine
US10724428B2 (en) 2017-04-28 2020-07-28 Quest Engines, LLC Variable volume chamber device
US10883498B2 (en) 2017-05-04 2021-01-05 Quest Engines, LLC Variable volume chamber for interaction with a fluid
US10808866B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2020-10-20 Quest Engines, LLC Apparatus and methods for controlling the movement of matter
US11060636B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2021-07-13 Quest Engines, LLC Engines and pumps with motionless one-way valve
US10753267B2 (en) 2018-01-26 2020-08-25 Quest Engines, LLC Method and apparatus for producing stratified streams
US11134335B2 (en) 2018-01-26 2021-09-28 Quest Engines, LLC Audio source waveguide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI20001450A0 (fi) 2000-06-19
AU2001267599A1 (en) 2002-01-02
EP1292761B1 (de) 2006-06-07
ATE329141T1 (de) 2006-06-15
DK1292761T3 (da) 2006-10-09
EP1292761A1 (de) 2003-03-19
DE60120403D1 (de) 2006-07-20
WO2001098638A1 (en) 2001-12-27
JP2004501312A (ja) 2004-01-15
US20030131819A1 (en) 2003-07-17
DE60120403T2 (de) 2007-04-19

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