US6956571B2 - Display device and design method for display device - Google Patents

Display device and design method for display device Download PDF

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Publication number
US6956571B2
US6956571B2 US10/169,645 US16964502A US6956571B2 US 6956571 B2 US6956571 B2 US 6956571B2 US 16964502 A US16964502 A US 16964502A US 6956571 B2 US6956571 B2 US 6956571B2
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image separation
pixel
image
separation filter
watching point
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US20030001797A1 (en
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Seiji Sato
Hidehiko Sekizawa
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Sony Corp
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Sony Corp
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Publication of US20030001797A1 publication Critical patent/US20030001797A1/en
Priority to US11/114,590 priority Critical patent/US20050195192A1/en
Priority to US11/114,350 priority patent/US7280110B2/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/31—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a display device and a method of designing a display device, to an image separation filter used for a display of a stereoscopic image with a binocular disparity or parallax or for a double view display that displays multi-views from one displayed image, and to a display system using the filter.
  • Such a system includes a method of separately presenting each of two images with binocular disparity between them to each of the right and left eyes in a two-dimensional image to reproduce a three-dimensional image, or a double-view display displaying multi-views from one displayed face, or the like.
  • the mixed pictures are separated by adopting an image separation filter using linearly polarized light rays crossing at right angles, circularly polarized light rays, wavelengths different from each other (red and blue etc.), or the like.
  • an image separation filter can be formed in a pixel on the display plane, it is difficult to make such a filter.
  • a method is often used in which the image separation filter is provided on the outside of an ordinary display element displaying a two-dimensional image.
  • FIG. 20 there are shown cross sectional views of a display device capable of expressing a first image and a second image alternately on lines on one display plane when being watched.
  • the FIG. 20 shows an example of a transparent type display device having a light source provided behind the display plane with arrows in the figure representing light beams watched by a watcher.
  • a pixel member 1 of a liquid crystal display element of an LCD is arranged to be put between transparent materials such as glasses 2 a and 2 b with an image separation filter 3 to be mounted at a specified distance apart from the pixel member 1 as shown in the figures.
  • the above-described pixel member 1 has an arrangement in which a first image region (a pixel region displaying the first image) s 1 and a second image region (a pixel region displaying the second image) s 2 are alternately formed
  • the image separation filter 3 has an arrangement in which a first image separation mechanism e 1 and a second image separation mechanism e 2 are alternately formed.
  • FIG. 20A shows an example of the width of the image separation filter 3 and the width of the pixel 1 being out of matching with each other
  • FIG. 20B shows an example of the position of the image separation filter 3 being out of matching
  • FIG. 20C shows an example of light from the light source (not shown) to a watcher being out of matching with the pixel 1 and the image separation filter 3 .
  • a light beam, emitted from the light source and passing through the first image separation mechanism toward the watcher, must pass through the first image region.
  • the light beam, the position of the pixel, the position and the width of the separation filter, being out of matching with one another allow a part of the light beam to pass through the second image region as indicated by x mark. This caused a problem of preventing the image from being separated, that is, generating crosstalk. This is the same about a light beam emitted from the light source and passing through the second image separation mechanism.
  • a display device is a display device having a transparent type display element transmitting light projected from a light source to an watching point side, and including pixels forming a first image region and pixels forming a second image forming region, and an image separation filter disposed in being separated from the pixels by a specified region and forming a first image separation mechanism and a second image separation mechanism, and the display device is characterized in that a disposing interval of each of the above-described image separation mechanisms is determined by carrying out a calculation for obtaining the disposing interval on the basis of an angle which a straight line, connecting the above-described watching point and an end point of each image region of the above-described pixels, forms with a perpendicular line from the watching point to the display device, a thickness and a refractive index of the above-described specified region, a length of the above-described perpendicular line, and an interval of the image region of the above-described pixels.
  • the first and second image separation mechanisms of the above-described image separation filter in the display device according to the invention cause light to be polarized with directions of polarization different from each other.
  • the first and second image separation mechanisms of the above-described image separation filter in the display device according to the invention are wavelength filters different from each other.
  • the above-described light source in the display device according to the invention is arranged so that a wavelength of a light source for a left eye is different from a wavelength of a light source for a right eye.
  • a method of designing a display device is the method of designing a display device having a transparent type display element transmitting light projected from a light source to an watching point, and comprising pixels forming a first image region and pixels forming a second image forming region, and an image separation filter disposed in being separated from the pixels by a specified region and forming a first image separation mechanism and a second image separation mechanism, which designing method is characterized in that a disposing interval of each of the above-described image separation mechanisms is determined by carrying out a calculation for obtaining the disposing interval on the basis of an angle which a straight line, connecting the above-described watching point and an end point of each image region of the above-described pixels, forms with a perpendicular line from the watching point to the display device, a thickness and a refractive index of the above-described specified region, a length of the above-described perpendicular line, and an interval of the image region of the above-described pixels.
  • FIG. 1 presents an embodiment according to the invention with an arrangement diagram showing an example of watching a display device with a converging type filter
  • FIG. 2 presents an embodiment according to the invention with an explanatory diagram of a principal part showing an example of providing a front filter
  • FIG. 3 presents an embodiment according to the invention with an explanatory diagram of a principal part showing an example of providing a rear filter
  • FIG. 4 presents an embodiment according to the invention with an arrangement diagram showing a relationship between a width of a pixel and a width of an image separation filter both on the k-th line from the front of a watcher
  • FIG. 5 presents an embodiment according to the invention with a graph explaining how to obtain constants t and T,
  • FIG. 6 presents an embodiment according to the invention with explanatory diagrams of a principal part each showing positional arrangement of the pixel, the filter, and a light beam
  • FIG. 7 presents an embodiment according to the invention with an explanatory diagram of a principal part showing a relationship between the pixel and the filter
  • FIG. 8 presents an embodiment according to the invention with graphs each showing change in a width of the k-th pixel from the center of a display plane
  • FIG. 9 presents an embodiment according to the invention with graphs each showing a relationship between a position of a head of a watcher and a width of the filter
  • FIG. 10 presents another embodiment according to the invention with an arrangement diagram showing an example of watching a display device with a diffusing type filter
  • FIG. 11 presents another embodiment according to the invention with an explanatory diagram of a principal part showing an example of providing a front filter
  • FIG. 12 presents another embodiment according to the invention with an explanatory diagram of a principal part showing an example of providing a rear filter
  • FIG. 13 presents another embodiment according to the invention with an arrangement diagram showing an example of watching a display device with a parallel light type filter
  • FIG. 14 presents another embodiment according to the invention with an explanatory diagram of a principal part showing relationships among a planer light source, a display plane, and a filter,
  • FIG. 15 presents another embodiment according to the invention with an explanatory diagram of a principal part showing an example of providing a front filter
  • FIG. 16 presents another embodiment according to the invention with an explanatory diagram of a principal part showing an example of providing a rear filter
  • FIG. 17 presents a display device to which the invention is applied, with FIG. 17A being a plan view of an optical system, and FIG. 17B being an exploded perspective view of a liquid crystal display element,
  • FIG. 18 presents a display device, to which the invention is applied, with an exploded perspective view of a liquid crystal display element
  • FIG. 19 presents a display device to which the invention is applied, with FIG. 19A being an explanatory diagram showing light in a polarized state in a half-wave plate, and FIG. 19B being an explanatory diagram showing light in being incident onto a polarizing filter on the light source side, and
  • FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of a principal part presenting problems in a conventional display device.
  • a transparent type display device which is represented by a slide film or a liquid crystal display element.
  • the image separation mechanism there are a method of using linearly polarized light rays crossing at right angles, a method of using circularly polarized light rays, a method of using light rays with wavelengths thereof different from each other (red and blue etc.), and the like.
  • the above-described image separation mechanism can be arranged by a method of providing on both sides of the above-described pixels. This, however, causes a problem in accuracy in positioning them with each other. Thus the following two methods are often used.
  • a half-wave plate is provided on every other horizontal line, and on the side of the outgoing light, there is disposed a polarizing plate crossing at right angles to the side of the entrance face.
  • FIG. 17 An example of arrangement of the above-described image separation mechanism and the separation filter is shown in FIG. 17 .
  • reference numeral 10 denotes a liquid crystal display element contained in a case (not shown) of a liquid crystal display device.
  • a Fresnel lens 11 On the back side of the liquid crystal display element 10 , there is disposed a Fresnel lens 11 with a specified distance apart therefrom.
  • the Fresnel lens 11 has a lens face with concentric steps on one side thereof, and makes light, incident from a focal point at the center on the back side of the Fresnal lens, projected as approximately parallel light.
  • reference numeral 13 denotes a backlight as a light source for illuminating the liquid crystal display element 10 from the rear face thereof.
  • a polarizing filter unit for the right eye 14 a and a polarizing filter unit for the left eye 14 b are arranged at the right and left, respectively, with the center thereof taken as a boundary.
  • a broken line in FIG. 17A shows the distance of distinct vision.
  • the respective polarizing filter units for the right and left eyes 14 a and 14 b are arranged as linearly polarizing filters with polarizing directions thereof made to cross at right angles to each other to provide, for example, a plane of polarization sloping upward toward the right and a plane of polarization sloping upward toward the left.
  • the above-described liquid crystal display device 10 is of a transparent type, which has, as shown in FIG. 17B , a liquid crystal panel 20 and two polarizing filters 20 and 21 each disposed on each face of the liquid crystal panel 20 .
  • the liquid crystal panel 20 contains, for example, a liquid crystal rotated through 90° inside a pair of alignment films. This makes incident light rotate through 90° to go out when no voltage is applied across a pair of the alignment films. When a voltage is applied, the incident light is made go out as made incident without being subjected to any rotation.
  • Each of the two polarizing filters 21 and 22 is arranged to have on each horizontal line of the liquid crystal panel alternately disposed linearly polarizing filter line units La and Lb, crossing at right angles to each other, with direction of polarization of each of facing linearly polarizing filter line units La and Lb on the light source side (rear side) and the watching side (front side), respectively, made to cross at right angles to the other.
  • light from the polarizing filter unit for the right eye 14 a or the polarizing filter unit for the left eye 14 b is allowed to go in only from the linearly polarizing filter line unit La or Lb having the same plane of polarization as that of the polarizing filter unit.
  • the light is to go in every other horizontal line and the light made to go in is transmitted when no voltage is applied and shut when a voltage is applied.
  • an arrangement is provided so that image information for the right eye and image information for the left eye are displayed alternately on the liquid crystal panel 20 of the above-described liquid crystal display element 10 on each horizontal line in being aligned with light transmission line of the two polarizing filters 21 and 22 .
  • the liquid crystal element 10 a As another example of the above-described liquid crystal element, there is a liquid crystal element 10 a shown in FIG. 18 .
  • the liquid crystal element 10 a has a liquid crystal panel 20 , and two polarizing filters 21 a and 22 a each being disposed on each face of the liquid crystal panel 20 .
  • the arrangement of the liquid crystal panel 20 is the same as that shown in FIG. 17 except differences in arrangements of two polarizing filters 21 a and 22 b.
  • each of the polarizing filters 21 a and 22 a is a linearly polarizing filter with the plane of polarization being the same over the whole face.
  • the planes of polarization of the two polarizing filters are provided in directions crossing at right angles to each other.
  • the polarizing filter 21 a on the light source side there are attached half-wave plates 26 on every other horizontal lines of the liquid crystal panel 20 .
  • the half-wave plate 26 is disposed so that light incident thereon is turned through 90° before going out therefrom as shown in FIG. 19 A.
  • FIG. 19B polarized light sloping upward toward the left can not pass through a line of the polarizing filter 21 a without the half-wave plate 26 .
  • the polarized light is turned through 90° to be polarized light sloping upward toward the right, which can pass through the line of the polarizing filter 21 a .
  • polarized light sloping upward toward the right can pass through a line of the polarizing filter 21 a without the half-wave plate 26 .
  • the polarized light is turned through 90° to be polarized light sloping upward toward the left, which can not pass through the line of the polarizing filter 21 a.
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 9 relate to an example of a system of converging light as one of a first embodiment according to the invention.
  • a pixel member 31 of a liquid crystal element 30 has an arrangement in which a first image region (a pixel region displaying a first image) and a second image region (a pixel region displaying a second image) are alternately formed in the vertical direction
  • an image separation filter 32 has an arrangement in which a first image separation mechanism and a second image separation mechanism are alternately formed in the vertical direction.
  • the above-described pixel member 31 and the image separation filter 32 are mounted via transparent glasses 33 and 34 (specified regions) each having a specified thickness.
  • FIG. 1 is a view in which there are drawn from the side optical paths on each of which a light beam emitted from a light source 35 passes through a specified image region on a display plane toward a watcher.
  • This is an optical system in which the light beam emitted from the light source 35 disposed in proximity to a converging point of first optical means is incident on the first optical means 36 (for example, a convex lens etc.) to illuminate the display plane and passes through the image separation filter 32 on the display plane before being converged toward a position of a head of the watcher.
  • the first optical means 36 for example, a convex lens etc.
  • the first image separation mechanism e 1 in a region on a light beam passed through the first image region s 1 , the first image separation mechanism e 1 is disposed without the second image separation mechanism e 2 being disposed. Furthermore, in a region on a light beam passed through the second image region s 2 , the second image separation mechanism e 2 is disposed without the first image separation mechanism e 1 being disposed. In order to provide such a disposition, an optical path of a light beam corresponding to an image region of each pixel is traced so as to provide each of the image separation mechanism e 1 and e 2 for each region connecting cross points of the optical paths and a filter attaching plane.
  • FIG. 2 A state of the pixel and the image separation filter at this time is shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 2 or in FIG. 3 with FIG. 2 showing an example of disposing the image separation filter on the side of a display plane watcher and FIG. 3 showing that on the back side.
  • a condition is provided in which an interval between each of the image regions of the pixel member 31 on the display plane is taken as an uniform interval of P 2 and an watcher is at a light converging point of the optical means 36 , with a distance from the display plane taken as D.
  • Let the above-described glasses 33 and 34 have thicknesses W 1 and W 2 from the watcher side, respectively, with refractive index of each of them equally taken as n.
  • a width of the image separation filter 32 (a disposing interval between the image separation mechanisms) at this time will be obtained which is required in watching a K-th pixel from the center of the display plane.
  • the disposing interval P 2 between the second image regions is the width of the first image region
  • a disposing interval between the first image regions is the width of the second image region
  • the disposing interval P 1 or P 3 between the second image separation mechanisms is the width of the first image separation mechanism
  • a disposing interval between the first image separation mechanisms is the width of the second image separation mechanism
  • angles of elevation to vertical end lines of the K-th and (K+1)-th pixels from the watching point be ⁇ k+1 and ⁇ k, respectively, and let angles of light beams in correspondence therewith that pass through the glasses 33 and 34 be ⁇ k+1 and ⁇ k as shown in the figure.
  • P 1 the disposing interval between the second image separation mechanisms, that is, the vertical width of the first image separation mechanism
  • P 3 the disposing interval between the second image separation mechanisms, that is, the vertical width of the first image separation mechanism
  • kP 2 D tan ⁇ k+w1 tan ⁇ k (2).
  • kP 2 D sin ⁇ k /(1 ⁇ sin 2 ⁇ k ) 1/2 +w 1 sin ⁇ k /( n 2 ⁇ sin 2 ⁇ k ) 1/2 (3).
  • the above expression (2) expresses a height (distance) from the center of the display plane to the K-th pixel 31 .
  • Dispositional relation between the pixel 31 (for example, the first image region) and the image separation filter 32 (for example, the first image separation mechanism) is as shown in FIG. 6 with relational expressions about the providing distance between them given as follows:
  • FIG. 6B shows inside of the round mark with a broken line in FIG. 6 A.
  • FIG. 4 is examined with specific values with reference to FIG. 5 to FIG. 9 .
  • a light beam from a light source J passing through the first pixel separation mechanism e 1 (P 3 and P 1 ) toward a watcher I can pass through the first image region s 1 (P 2 ) only.
  • P 2 and P 1 , and P 2 and P 3 as being about ⁇ 0.3 microns, generation of crosstalk of the image could be surely prevented.
  • FIG. 8 shows values of P 3 , obtained by the methods shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 , plotted about K.
  • the value of P 3 is about 0.2808 and approximately constant. It is understood that, as is apparent from the graph of FIG. 8B , an enlarged view of FIG. 8A , the width of P 3 tends to narrow with an increase in the distance from the center of the display plane (that is, k).
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic arrangement with a case used in a projection system taken as an example. It is an example in which light emitted from a light source 35 is diverged through a second optical means 46 and illuminates the whole display plane before being diffused to be projected on a screen 40 as an image being served to enjoyment. Also in the example, like in the previous example, each of FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 shows a state of a light beam passing a pixel.
  • the width of the filter is arranged to be wider than the pixel width. Therefore, in conformity to the above-described expression (5), calculation of an operation expression of
  • a projection system is taken as the example.
  • the system can be any one in which the light beam passing through the display plane is in the direction of diffusion therein, so that the invention can be applied also to an optical system such that a small display plane is looked in.
  • FIG. 13 to FIG. 16 an example of an image separation filter according to the invention as the case with a parallel type optical system.
  • FIG. 13 shows an example in which a light source 35 is disposed in proximity to a light converging point of third optical means 56 to provide parallel light passing through a display plane filter unit (a liquid crystal element 30 ) before being made converged in proximity to ahead of a watcher by fourth optical means.
  • the fourth optical means 66 is disposed.
  • FIG. 14 shows an example in which parallel light is emitted from a plane-like light source 45 in the vertical direction to a display plane filter unit (a liquid crystal display 30 ) and light passed through the display plane filter unit (parallel light) is watched.
  • An arrangement of the image separation filter 32 in this case is, as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 , only requires the pixel 31 and the image separation filter 32 to have uniform widths and to be disposed at positions to which they are laterally shifted from the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 and FIG. 10 to FIG. 12 .
  • each of them is provided to have a uniform width, but required to be shifted by a shift from the pixel.
  • the width of the first image regions of the pixel member 31 (the disposing interval of the second image regions) was taken as P 2 .
  • the width of the second image regions (the disposing interval of the first image regions) taken as P 2 .
  • the width of the first image separation mechanisms of the image separation filter 32 (the disposing interval between the second image separation mechanisms) was taken as P 1 or P 3 , it is not necessary to be limited to this, but the width of the second image separation mechanism (the disposing interval between the first image separation mechanisms) can be taken as P 1 or P 3 to carry out calculation.
  • the embodiments in the method of designing the display device according to the invention is, by carrying out the method explained with reference to the above-explained FIG. 4 to FIG. 9 and presented as the above-described operation expressions, to dispose the first image separation mechanism in a region on a light beam passed through the first image region without the second image separation mechanism being disposed, and to dispose the second image separation mechanism in a region on a light beam passed through the second image region without the first image separation mechanism being disposed.
  • the arrangement of the display device according to the invention is provided with each of the elements explained with reference to FIG. 17 to FIG. 19 .
  • the first and second image separation mechanisms are linearly polarized light rays crossing at right angles to each other or circularly polarized light rays with directions thereof different from each other, or wavelengths different from each other such as red and blue etc.
  • first and second image separation mechanisms are arranged with linearly polarized light rays crossing at right angles to each other, half-wave plates, and the like.
  • the above-described first and second image separation mechanisms are to be arranged with linearly polarized light rays crossing at right angles to each other and half-wave plates, in which, on the linearly polarizing plate on the side of an entrance face of light of the above-described display plane, each half-wave plate is provided on every other horizontal line, and on the side of the outgoing light, there is disposed the polarizing plate crossing at right angles to the side of the entrance face.
  • first and second image separation mechanisms are provided with the half-wave plates each on every other horizontal line on the linearly polarizing plate on the side of an outgoing face of light, and watching is carried out through a polarizing plate with direction of polarization thereof crossing at right angles to that of the polarizing plate.
  • the display device can carryout the separation display without providing any image separation mechanism within the pixel without causing any crosstalk between the first image region and the second image region.
  • image resolution is improved to allow to make it possible to enjoy a stereoscopic image without any crosstalk between the right and left images. Further, image resolution is improved to make it possible to enjoy views with a plurality of images without any crosstalk between the first and second images.
  • a display device can be simply and easily designed which can carryout the separated display without providing any image separation mechanism within the pixel without causing any crosstalk between the first image region and the second image region.
  • image resolution is improved to make it possible to enjoy a stereoscopic image without any crosstalk between the right and left images. Further, image resolution is improved to make it possible to enjoy views with a plurality of images without any crosstalk between the first and second images.
  • the invention being not limited to the above examples of embodiments, can be applied to display devices with other arrangements for displaying stereoscopic images with binocular disparities or displaying multi-views from one displayed image.

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US20050195162A1 (en) 2005-09-08
US7280110B2 (en) 2007-10-09
US20050195192A1 (en) 2005-09-08
US20030001797A1 (en) 2003-01-02

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