US6518935B2 - Device for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic waves fed from an array produced in microstrip technology - Google Patents

Device for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic waves fed from an array produced in microstrip technology Download PDF

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Publication number
US6518935B2
US6518935B2 US09/894,398 US89439801A US6518935B2 US 6518935 B2 US6518935 B2 US 6518935B2 US 89439801 A US89439801 A US 89439801A US 6518935 B2 US6518935 B2 US 6518935B2
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feed array
lines
radiation
antenna
array
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US20020080071A1 (en
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Ali Louzir
Philippe Minard
Jean-François Pintos
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Thomson Licensing SAS
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Thomson Licensing SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H01Q9/0435—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave using two feed points
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic waves, more particularly to an antenna known by the expression “printed antenna” fed from an array produced in mircostrip technology.
  • the expression “printed antenna” (or “microstrip antenna”) will refer to an antenna produced in so-called “microstrip” technology, comprising a radiating element, typically a “patch”, a slot, a dipole, etc., or an array of such elements, the number of elements depending on the desired gain.
  • This type of antenna is used as primary source at the focus of a lens or of a parabola or as a planar array antenna.
  • the radiating elements In printed antennas, the radiating elements, be they unitary or grouped into an array, are fed from a feed array formed of microstrip lines. In general, this feed array radiates, to a greater or lesser extent, undesired radiation or parasitic radiation which disturbs the main radiation of the antenna. The principal effects resulting from this parasitic radiation are a rise in the cross-polarization of the printed antenna. Other undesirable effects, which are more or less significant, may also result from this parasitic radiation, namely:
  • the parameters of the dielectric substrate such as the thickness, permittivity, etc.
  • the aim of the present invention is to propose a solution which, instead of reducing the harmful effects of the parasitic radiation, uses them to contribute to the main radiation of the antenna.
  • a subject of the present invention is therefore a device for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic waves comprising an antenna with at least one radiating element transmitting and/or receiving signals of given polarization and a feed array produced in microstrip technology consisting of lines devised so as to give parasitic radiation, characterized in that the feed array is devised and dimensioned in such a way that the parasitic radiation has the same direction and the same polarization as the radiation of the antenna and combines in-phase with the said radiation of the antenna.
  • the parasitic radiation is generated by discontinuities in the lines of the feed array, such as elbows, T circuits, line width variations.
  • the relative phase of the source of parasitic radiation is determined by the length of the lines of the feed array.
  • the feed array is a symmetrical array.
  • ⁇ i represents the wavelength guided in the line of the feed array of length Li with:
  • ⁇ r eff effective permittivity of the material for the portion of line of length Li.
  • L′ 2 and L 2 are the two branches of the T.
  • L 3 and L′ 3 are the lines connecting to the radiating elements.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of the various discontinuities which the microstrip lines may have,
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic plan view of a feed array with the orientation of the E fields
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic plan view of a printed antenna and of its feed array exhibiting parasitic radiation
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic plan view of a feed array according to the present invention in the case of linear polarization
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic plan view of a feed array according to the present invention in the case of circular polarization
  • FIGS. 6 a and 6 b are diagrammatic plan views of a feed array with four patches respectively with parasitic radiation having the same polarization as the main radiation or having polarization inverse to that of the main radiation,
  • FIG. 7 represents the ellipticity in the case of the arrays of FIGS. 6 a and 6 b.
  • the present invention will be described whilst referring to a printed antenna whose radiating elements consist of patches.
  • the present invention may be applied to any other type of printed antenna whose radiating elements are connected to a feed array produced in microstrip technology.
  • FIG. 1 Represented in FIG. 1 are various types of discontinuities which may be produced in a feed array formed by lines according to microstrip technology.
  • the reference 1 represents an elbowed line.
  • the reference 2 represents a widthwise line jump and the reference 3 represents a T.
  • this feed array consisting of microstrip lines exhibiting a conventional structure. More particularly, this feed array comprises a T 10 extended by two branches 11 , 12 of respective lengths L 1 and L 2 . Each branch is extended by elbows 13 , 14 . The elbow 13 is extended by a line segment 15 of length L 3 while elbow 14 is extended by a line segment 16 of length L 4 , the two line segments terminating in elbows 17 , 18 . Moreover, the T 10 exhibits an increase in line width over a length L 5 which is equal to ⁇ 5(?)/4 in the present case. As represented in FIG.
  • the various discontinuities exhibit parasitic radiation according to the field E 1 for the elbow 13 , the field E 2 for the elbow 14 , the field E 3 for the elbow 17 , the field E 4 for the elbow 18 , the field E 5 for the T and the field E 6 for the line broadening. From the six discontinuities E 1 to E 6 of the feed array identified in FIG. 2, it is possible to calculate the total field E generated by the feed array. Employing an orthonormal reference frame I,J, the unit vector of the fields E 1 to E 5 is therefore:
  • These radiation sources may be likened to a radiating array and the theory of arrays makes it possible, by knowing the location of the sources, their relative phase and their relative amplitude, to calculate the radiation pattern of this array and to determine, in particular, the polarization of the radiated field.
  • the parasitic radiation to be in the same direction as the main radiation, to have the same polarization as the main radiation, and to combine in-phase with the main radiation, it is necessary for the phase centre of the source equivalent to the feed array to coincide with the phase centre of the array and for the radiation maximum to occur in the direction of the maximum of the main field, and for it to have the same polarization as the latter.
  • the parasitic radiation given by the elbows 1 , 2 has a resultant parallel to the main radiation.
  • the printed antenna of FIG. 3 consists of N arrays of four patches P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , P 4 , more particularly of eight arrays of four patches.
  • the four patches of a first array P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , P 4 are connected symmetrically by a feed array comprising elbows 1 , 2 giving parasitic radiations 1 , 2 and T circuits giving parasitic radiations 3 , 4 .
  • Four arrays of four patches are connected together symmetrically, as represented in the right-hand part of FIG.
  • T microstrip lines giving a parasitic radiation such as symbolized by the arrows 5 , 6 , 7 and 8 .
  • the main radiation together with the parasitic radiations can be symbolized as represented in the lower part of FIG. 3 .
  • the arrow F represents the main radiation to which is added the radiations of the elbows 1 and 2 which give a radiation F′ in the same direction as the main radiation but of opposite sense, the radiations of the T circuits 3 and 4 which cancel one another out, 5 and 6 which cancel one another out and 7 and 8 which cancel one another out, in such a way as to obtain a resultant radiation parallel to the main radiation F but of lower amplitude.
  • the four patches P′ 1 , P′ 2 , P′ 3 , P′ 4 giving a main radiation ⁇ 1 are connected by a feed array comprising elbows and T circuits. More specifically, the patches P′ 1 and P′ 2 are linked together by a T feed circuit comprising two branches of identical length L 3 extended by an elbow linked by way of an identical length of line L 4 to the patches P′ 1 , P′ 2 .
  • the patches P′ 3 and P′ 4 are connected in an identical manner, the two T feed circuits being linked together by another T feed circuit comprising two identical branches of length L 1 extended by elbows linked to the point C of the first T elements by line elements of identical length L 2 .
  • ⁇ i represents the wavelength guided in the portion of the feed array of length L i ; i.e. ⁇ i 30/f ⁇ square root over ( ⁇ reff ) ⁇ (in cm)
  • the total field emanating from these two discontinuities adds constructively with the field radiated by the T discontinuity (represented as a continuous line in the figure).
  • L 1 had been equal k 1 ⁇ 1
  • the fields radiated by the elbows would have opposite senses to those represented in the Figure, and their resultant would directly oppose the field radiated by the T, reducing the gain of the antenna, etc.
  • the printed antenna consists of an array of four patches P′′ 1 , P′′ 2 , P′′ 3 , P′′ 4 connected to a feed array produced in microstrip technology, the feed array consisting of two T circuits linked together. More specifically, the first T circuit comprises two branches of length L 2 and L′ 2 , extended by elbows C 1 ,C 2 , the elbow C 1 being linked respectively to the patch P′′ 1 by a length of line L 3 and the elbow C 2 to the patch P′′ 2 by a length of line L′ 3 . Likewise, the patches P′′ 3 and P′′ 4 .
  • the two inputs of the T circuits are connected together at a common point A by lengths of line L 1 and L′ 1 .
  • the assembly of patches P′′ 1 , P′′ 2 , P′′ 3 , P′′ 4 gives circularly polarized main radiation to which is added, on account of the elbows C 1 ,C 2 and of the T circuits 3 , 4 , parasitic radiation, likewise circularly polarized and having the same sense as the polarization of the main radiation.
  • parasitic radiation likewise circularly polarized and having the same sense as the polarization of the main radiation.
  • ⁇ i representing the wavelength guided in the part of the feed array of length L i , as defined hereinabove.
  • FIGS. 6 a and 6 b Represented in FIGS. 6 a and 6 b is a printed antenna consisting of an array of four patches 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 connected to a feed circuit using the principle of sequential rotation.
  • This antenna can serve for the illumination of a parabolic antenna or of an antenna of the Luneberg lens type.
  • These four patches 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 are fed from a feed array consisting, respectively for FIG.
  • T circuit 6 a of lines of length L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , the lines L 1 and L 2 forming the two branches of a T circuit, the line L 1 being connected to the line L 3 by an elbow, the line L 2 being connected to the line L 4 by an elbow, the line L 3 being connected to the two patches 10 and 11 by another elbow and the line L 4 being connected to the two patches 12 and 13 by yet another elbow.
  • the T circuit and the four elbows give parasitic radiation with circular polarization whose sense is identical to that of the polarization of the main radiation.
  • the feed array has been modified in such a way that the two branches of the T circuit are of length L′ 1 and L′ 2 , so as to give parasitic radiation symbolized by the arrow E which, by adding to the parasitic radiation of the elbows, gives parasitic radiation with circular polarization but of opposite sense to that of the main radiation.
  • the ellipticity (TE) as a function of frequency, obtained for the two arrays shows one of the advantages of the present invention.
  • the TE is less than 1.74 dB over a frequency band of 630 MHz.
  • the TE is less than 1.74 dB over two bands, one of 330 MHz centred at 12.1 GHz and the other at 150 MHz centred at 12.7 GHz. It may be seen in the chart that, at equivalent TE level (3 dB), this represents an increase in bandwidth of TE of 40% for the circuit in accordance with the present invention.

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US09/894,398 2000-06-29 2001-06-28 Device for transmitting and/or receiving electromagnetic waves fed from an array produced in microstrip technology Expired - Fee Related US6518935B2 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0008364A FR2811142B1 (fr) 2000-06-29 2000-06-29 Dispositif d'emission et/ou de reception d'ondes electromagnetiques alimente par un reseau realise en technologie microruban
FR0008364 2000-06-29

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US20020080071A1 US20020080071A1 (en) 2002-06-27
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EP (1) EP1168494A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4588258B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1195341C (fr)
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050195115A1 (en) * 2004-03-05 2005-09-08 Korkut Yegin Vehicular glass-mount antenna and system
US20050200527A1 (en) * 2004-03-15 2005-09-15 Elta Systems Ltd. High gain antenna for microwave frequencies
US20060170596A1 (en) * 2004-03-15 2006-08-03 Elta Systems Ltd. High gain antenna for microwave frequencies
US20060256013A1 (en) * 2005-05-13 2006-11-16 Go Networks, Inc Highly isolated circular polarized antenna
US20060258083A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2006-11-16 Alex Paterson Integrated circuit memory cells and methods of forming
US20110006911A1 (en) * 2009-07-10 2011-01-13 Aclara RF Systems Inc. Planar dipole antenna
US20120200466A1 (en) * 2009-07-03 2012-08-09 Thales Dual-Polarization Communication Antenna for Mobile Satellite Links

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JP5089509B2 (ja) * 2008-07-04 2012-12-05 三菱電機株式会社 アレーアンテナ
WO2010089941A1 (fr) * 2009-02-05 2010-08-12 日本電気株式会社 Antenne réseau et son procédé de fabrication
CN102763273B (zh) * 2011-03-07 2014-04-16 深圳市嘉瑨电子科技有限公司 微型天线的辐射组件
CN105789872A (zh) * 2016-03-25 2016-07-20 广东工业大学 一种5.8GHzISA频段的紧凑型圆极化阵列天线
US10109910B2 (en) * 2016-05-26 2018-10-23 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Antenna device with accurate beam elevation control useable on an automated vehicle
CN106549232B (zh) * 2016-11-04 2019-05-07 北京航空航天大学 一种互补的双频正交极化微带天线阵设计方法
CN110098469B (zh) * 2019-04-15 2024-03-01 上海几何伙伴智能驾驶有限公司 车载4d雷达天线
CN113381169B (zh) * 2020-02-25 2024-04-26 华为技术有限公司 一种天线以及雷达系统

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060258083A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2006-11-16 Alex Paterson Integrated circuit memory cells and methods of forming
US20050195115A1 (en) * 2004-03-05 2005-09-08 Korkut Yegin Vehicular glass-mount antenna and system
US7675471B2 (en) * 2004-03-05 2010-03-09 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Vehicular glass-mount antenna and system
US8228235B2 (en) * 2004-03-15 2012-07-24 Elta Systems Ltd. High gain antenna for microwave frequencies
US20060170596A1 (en) * 2004-03-15 2006-08-03 Elta Systems Ltd. High gain antenna for microwave frequencies
US7023386B2 (en) 2004-03-15 2006-04-04 Elta Systems Ltd. High gain antenna for microwave frequencies
US20050200527A1 (en) * 2004-03-15 2005-09-15 Elta Systems Ltd. High gain antenna for microwave frequencies
US20060256013A1 (en) * 2005-05-13 2006-11-16 Go Networks, Inc Highly isolated circular polarized antenna
US7605758B2 (en) * 2005-05-13 2009-10-20 Go Net Systems Ltd. Highly isolated circular polarized antenna
US20120200466A1 (en) * 2009-07-03 2012-08-09 Thales Dual-Polarization Communication Antenna for Mobile Satellite Links
US8933854B2 (en) * 2009-07-03 2015-01-13 Thales Dual-polarization communication antenna for mobile satellite links
US20110006911A1 (en) * 2009-07-10 2011-01-13 Aclara RF Systems Inc. Planar dipole antenna
US8427337B2 (en) 2009-07-10 2013-04-23 Aclara RF Systems Inc. Planar dipole antenna

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Publication number Publication date
FR2811142A1 (fr) 2002-01-04
FR2811142B1 (fr) 2002-09-20
CN1336703A (zh) 2002-02-20
EP1168494A1 (fr) 2002-01-02
JP2002043837A (ja) 2002-02-08
US20020080071A1 (en) 2002-06-27
JP4588258B2 (ja) 2010-11-24
CN1195341C (zh) 2005-03-30

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