US6512358B2 - Measuring device for measuring a process variable - Google Patents

Measuring device for measuring a process variable Download PDF

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Publication number
US6512358B2
US6512358B2 US09/730,557 US73055700A US6512358B2 US 6512358 B2 US6512358 B2 US 6512358B2 US 73055700 A US73055700 A US 73055700A US 6512358 B2 US6512358 B2 US 6512358B2
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measuring device
current
power
microprocessor
measuring
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US20020005713A1 (en
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Peter Klöfer
Alexander Hardell
Ralf Armbruster
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Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
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Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
    • G08C19/02—Electric signal transmission systems in which the signal transmitted is magnitude of current or voltage

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a measuring device for measuring an industrial process variable with a predetermined maximum power consumption by the measuring device. More specifically, the present invention relates to a measuring device for connection to a current loop, in particular a 4-20 ma current loop, or to a digital communication.
  • the current in the loop is selected so that its magnitude reflects the magnitude of the process variable.
  • currents of a magnitude of between 4 ma and 20 ma are currently employed, with a current of 4 ma passing through the current loop being representative of the maximum (or minimum ) measured value, and a current of 20 ma being representative of the minimum (or maximum) measured value of the process variable.
  • a measuring device supplied with power from a current loop has only a limited amount of power available. This power depends on the supply voltage and the particular current setting to which it is adjusted (according to the measurement value to be provided). Conventional measuring devices are dimensioned so as to make do with the minimum available power, meaning that they require only the power present at a minimum current and a minimum voltage. If more power is available, this additional power is converted into power loss in a current stage, rather than being used in the measuring device for the benefit of the measurement.
  • Measuring devices driven via a digital communication often have a constant current consumption which is a requirement for data transmission.
  • the available power is dependent on the terminal voltage applied.
  • conventional measuring devices are designed so that the measurement circuit has a constant power consumption corresponding to the power at a minimum supply voltage. Any additionally offered power at a higher supply voltage is likewise converted into power loss.
  • the total amount of power consumed to perform the measuring task is an as closely as possible approximation to the amount needed to optimize speed and quality of the measurement. Theoretically, therefore, the total power which corresponds to the particular measurement value to be read would be consumed by the correspondingly frequent operation of the sensing element.
  • safety reasons demand that a certain difference remain between the available power and the power consumed to perform the measuring task in order to prevent a power deficit and hence a malfunction of the sensor from occurring.
  • the surplus of power is converted into power loss (heat) in the measuring device.
  • the sum of the two combined power consumptions must be precisely of a magnitude causing the total current consumed by the sensor to correspond to a defined value. With the sensor this value is predetermined within a current loop (4-20 ma) by the actual measurement value to be output.
  • the value of the constant current consumption corresponds the general specifications in connection with the communications protocol employed.
  • the desired adaptation of the power consumed for performing the measuring task to the available power without exceeding it is made possible by determining the actual surplus of power which would have to be converted into power loss.
  • the control unit of the sensor is in a position, by making appropriate provision with respect to type and frequency of the measurement cycles performed, to approximate the power consumption of the measuring device to the predetermined maximum available power so that the surplus is minimized without falling below a predetermined limit for the surplus. (Ideally, therefore, the surplus at this limit is at least approximately equal to zero.
  • Determination of the actual surplus may be effected by direct measurement of the surplus current or the surplus power.
  • an indirect approach is equally possible, comprising the steps of measuring the current or consumed power for performing the measuring task and measuring the available power or using the known amount of available current, and determining the actual surplus by subtraction.
  • the indirect approach of surplus determination is selected, a substantial simplification incurring a minor disadvantage is achievable by dispensing with individual measurements for current or power determination, substituting therefor suitable estimations and keeping larger reserves.
  • the present invention is suitable for any type of measuring device for process variables, provided that these measuring devices are assigned a predetermined power consumption externally, usually a varying maximum power consumption. This involves, for example, specifying the power consumption when power is supplied by a loop, because (varying with the measurement value to be indicated) only such a maximum amount of power may be consumed as corresponds to the current allowed to flow in the supply lines to provide an accurate readout.
  • the power consumption limit imposed on the measuring device may also result from other considerations as, for example, the connection with a digital communication, or for entirely different reasons.
  • a preferred implementation of the invention utilizes a current stage generally connected in parallel with the remaining components of the measuring device.
  • the current stage serves to consume the power (“power loss”) that remains after subtracting the power demand of the measuring device in the measurement mode from the total power (predetermined by the measurement value readout function).
  • power loss the power that remains after subtracting the power demand of the measuring device in the measurement mode from the total power (predetermined by the measurement value readout function).
  • this non-used power surplus is a measure of the reserve available in the system for increasing the measurement performance without producing the deficit referred to in the prior art (EP 0 687 375).
  • One such possibility comprises measuring the instantaneous power surplus directly. Alternatively, it may also be the subject of prior estimation. To do this, known data of the measuring device as, for example, the relatively high power consumption of individual components, may be referred to.
  • a simpler solution comprises subdividing the total range available, that is, for example, 4 to 20 ma, into sub-ranges each of which is assigned a specific frequency of measurement per unit of time. This is a very simple way of effecting measurements relatively frequently in the sub-range corresponding to the highest predetermined power consumption, whereas in those sub-ranges which correspond to lower available power, the frequency of measurement is correspondingly lower.
  • connection of the measuring device to a digital communication or a current loop connected thereto enables completely analog arrangements to achieve the same advantages.
  • FIG. 1 shows in block diagram form part of a prior art radar sensor
  • FIG. 2 shows in block diagram form a known ultrasonic sensor
  • FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of a current stage according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of a current stage according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a variant of the first embodiment of FIG. 3
  • FIG. 6 shows a variant of the embodiment of FIG. 4
  • FIG. 7 shows in block diagram form a radar sensor according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 shows a current stage employed with the sensor of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 shows a variant of the current stage of FIG. 8.
  • FIGS. 10-13 show further variants of a current stage according to the present invention.
  • a measuring device invariably comprises a prior-art part corresponding to FIG. 1 or 2 , and a connection to the supply according to FIGS. 3 to 6 or 8 to 13 .
  • a first exemplary embodiment of a measuring setup of the invention is a radar fluid level sensor.
  • the sensor detects the fluid level in a reservoir.
  • the measured value is transmitted either via a current loop at, for example, 4 to 20 ma, or via a digital communication, as a field bus.
  • FIG. 1 shows part of such a radar sensor ( 101 ).
  • the Figure shows the prior-art part which is independent of how the measured value is transmitted.
  • a power supply ( 102 ) is used which is connected to a current stage via supply lines ( 14 ) and ( 15 ).
  • the microcontroller Upon conversion, if any, the microcontroller passes the measured value via a control line ( 16 ) to the current stage (see further below) which, in response to this value, sets a particular current, or to the digital interface which passes the measured value on via a digital communication.
  • the control lines ( 16 ) and ( 17 ) are utilized as connection to the digital interface.
  • the microcontroller has the possibility, via standby signals, of placing the HF front end, the receiver or other circuit elements into a reduced power consumption sleep mode or disabling these components entirely, as described further below.
  • measuring lines ( 18 )-( 20 ) and an analog-to-digital converter ( 110 ) connected to the microcontroller ( 106 ) may be used.
  • the microcontroller features a low power consumption mode. Capacitors ( 111 ), ( 112 ) and ( 113 ) operate to reduce the current fluctuations occurring as the components are turned on and off.
  • the microcontroller By varying the duration and frequency of the sleep mode into which the microcontroller places the individual components, the microcontroller is in a position to influence the sensor's power demand.
  • the microcontroller controls the ultrasonic transmitter ( 203 ) which supplies drive signals for the acoustic transducer ( 214 ).
  • the acoustic transducer ( 214 ) generates acoustic waves which are emitted and reflected by a reflecting medium.
  • the acoustic transducer converts the received signals into electrical signals which are fed to the receiver ( 204 ).
  • the receiver amplifies and filters the signal before it is passed to the microcontroller ( 206 ) via the analog-to-digital converter ( 205 ).
  • the microcontroller ( 206 ) determines from this signal a measurement value which it transmits, following conversion, if any, via the control line ( 16 ) either to the current stage which in response to this value sets a particular current, or to the digital interface which passes the measured value on via a digital communication.
  • FIG. 3 A first preferred implementation of the solution of the invention for the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2 is illustrated in FIG. 3 . It serves to measure the power surplus available for optimizing operation of the measuring device by means of a current stage ( 302 ).
  • the measuring device ( 301 ) of FIG. 3 is powered from a current loop via the terminals ( 11 ) and ( 12 ).
  • the current stage ( 302 ) is connected in parallel with the remaining circuit of the measuring device.
  • the current stage monitors the total current through the voltage drop across a resistor (R 301 ), maintaining it constant.
  • the current passing through the current stage is regulated so that the total current passing through the resistor (R 301 ) remains constant and corresponds to the value predetermined by the control line ( 16 ).
  • Fluctuations may include, for example, a brief additional power demand or a fluctuation in the supply voltage.
  • the accuracy of power surplus measurement will be enhanced by measuring, in addition, the voltage at the supply line+( 14 ) by means of the measuring line ( 19 ). The amount of power surplus is then obtained directly by multiplying the current and voltage values.
  • a more accurate determination of the power surplus is obtained by having the measuring line ( 18 ) perform an additional measurement of the voltage at the supply line+( 14 ).
  • FIG. 6 represents a current stage ( 602 ) similar to the one of FIG. 4 .
  • the surplus is not measured directly, but rather, a determination is made of the input power at the terminals of the measuring device and the power requirements for supply of the measuring device.
  • the input power results from the known current flowing in the current loop, and the input voltage measured by means of the measuring line ( 19 ).
  • the power requirements for supply of the measuring device are determined from the current through (R 602 ) and the supply line+( 14 ) voltage measured by means of the measuring line ( 18 ). The difference of the two power levels is a measure of the actually available power surplus.
  • the power consumption of the measuring device ( 101 , 102 ) is essentially determined by one or several large loads. Information available of the power consumption of these components permits information of the power consumption of the measuring device to be obtained, for example, by assuming a worst-case value for the unknown power consumption of the other components. In addition, the available power is determined as illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 3 to 6 , determining therefrom the power surplus.
  • the microcontroller determines, on the basis of the power surplus, whether parts of the measuring device have to be placed into the sleep mode referred to in the foregoing in order to control the power consumption of the measuring device. In this regard FIG.
  • FIG. 7 shows as a further preferred embodiment of the invention a radar sensor obtaining information of the power consumption of the receiver ( 704 ) by means of a measuring line ( 715 ). Whether the sensor is powered from a current loop or a digital communication has no relevance. The same procedure can be applied where an ultrasonic sensor or a sensor with conductor-guided radar is employed. The only thing that matters is that one or several main loads be identified whose actual power demand is determined.
  • the available power can be determined, for example, from the input current and the input voltage.
  • the input current is a known quantity, being predetermined to the current stage by the microcontroller via the control line ( 16 ), while the input voltage is measured by means of a measuring line ( 18 ) as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • the sleep modes of the individual components can then be utilized to adapt the sensor's power consumption to the available power such that a certain power surplus is maintained at all times.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 Further preferred simplifications of the invention are illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11. Here it is only the instantaneously required current that is measured as a voltage drop across resistor (R 1002 ) by means of the measuring line ( 18 ) and, respectively, across (R 1102 ) by means of the measuring line ( 20 ).
  • the microcontroller is capable of regulating this current by controlling the sleep conditions so that it always remains below the actually available current.
  • measuring devices connected to a digital communication as, for example, a field bus are used the demands placed on the measuring device are similar.
  • the current which the measuring device may draw from the digital bus has to be constant, being conventionally set at a fixed value.
  • th is c an be implemented corresponds to what has been set out in the fore going.
  • the current through the current stage, rather than being dependent on the measured value is conventionally set at a fixed value instead.
  • FIG. 12 shows, by way of example, part of such a measuring device.
  • the current stage ( 1202 ) maintains the current at a constant level during periods of time when no communication takes place.
  • the digital interface ( 1203 ) receives from the microcontroller through the control line ( 16 ) data which it modulates before passing it on to the current stage which varies the current correspondingly. The type of modulation depends on the specifications of the digital communication employed. Data is received by the digital interface ( 1203 ) detecting the signals at the supply line+( 14 ) or at the current stage ( 1202 ) and transmitting demodulated data to the microcontroller via the control line ( 17 ). As set out previously with reference to FIG.
  • the surplus is determined by measuring the voltage drop across (R 1202 ) by means of the measuring line ( 18 ) or by measuring additionally the voltage at the supply line+( 14 ) by means of the measuring line ( 19 ).
  • the other methods heretofore described are applicable to measuring devices with digital communication.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
US09/730,557 2000-07-17 2000-12-07 Measuring device for measuring a process variable Expired - Lifetime US6512358B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10034684 2000-07-17
DE10034684.7 2000-07-17
DE10034684A DE10034684A1 (de) 2000-07-17 2000-07-17 Meßeinrichtung zur Messung einer Prozeßvariablen

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US20020005713A1 US20020005713A1 (en) 2002-01-17
US6512358B2 true US6512358B2 (en) 2003-01-28

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US (1) US6512358B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1301914B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE261606T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2001269022A1 (de)
DE (2) DE10034684A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2002007124A1 (de)

Cited By (18)

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US20020145528A1 (en) * 2001-01-22 2002-10-10 If M Electronic Gmbh Electrical transducer
US20050030186A1 (en) * 2003-08-07 2005-02-10 Huisenga Garrie D. Process device with loop override
US20050168343A1 (en) * 2003-08-07 2005-08-04 Longsdorf Randy J. Process control loop current verification
WO2008135397A1 (de) 2007-05-03 2008-11-13 Endress+Hauser (Deutschland) Ag+Co. Kg Verfahren zum inbetriebnehmen und/oder rekonfigurieren eines programmierbaren feldmessgeräts
DE102007058608A1 (de) 2007-12-04 2009-06-10 Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag Elektrisches Gerät
DE102008022373A1 (de) 2008-05-06 2009-11-12 Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag Meßgerät sowie Verfahren zum Überwachen eines Meßgeräts
US20100109649A1 (en) * 2006-12-12 2010-05-06 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Apparatus for determining and/or monitoring a process variable
US20100141285A1 (en) * 2006-12-20 2010-06-10 Armin Wernet Apparatus for determining and/or monitoring a process variable
US20110121794A1 (en) * 2008-07-31 2011-05-26 Micro Motionm Inc. Bus instrument and method for predictively limited power consumption in a two-wire instrumentation bus
DE202010006553U1 (de) 2010-05-06 2011-10-05 Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag Elektronisches Meßgerät mit einem Optokoppler
WO2011131399A1 (de) 2010-04-19 2011-10-27 Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag Treiberschaltung für einen messwandler sowie damit gebildetes messsystem
DE102010030924A1 (de) 2010-06-21 2011-12-22 Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag Elektronik-Gehäuse für ein elektronisches Gerät bzw. damit gebildetes Gerät
WO2012163608A1 (de) 2011-05-31 2012-12-06 Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag Messgerät-elektronik für ein messgerät-gerät und verfahren zum überprüfen des messgeräts
US9020768B2 (en) 2011-08-16 2015-04-28 Rosemount Inc. Two-wire process control loop current diagnostics
US20170093533A1 (en) 2015-09-30 2017-03-30 Rosemount Inc. Process variable transmitter with self-learning loop diagnostics
US9891141B2 (en) 2012-09-25 2018-02-13 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Measuring device of process automation technology
DE102016114860A1 (de) 2016-08-10 2018-02-15 Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag Treiberschaltung sowie damit gebildete Umformer-Elektronik bzw. damit gebildetes Meßsystem
DE102022119145A1 (de) 2022-07-29 2024-02-01 Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag Anschlussschaltung für ein Feldgerät und Feldgerät

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US6680690B1 (en) 2003-02-28 2004-01-20 Saab Marine Electronics Ab Power efficiency circuit
US8452255B2 (en) * 2005-06-27 2013-05-28 Rosemount Inc. Field device with dynamically adjustable power consumption radio frequency communication
DE102008016940A1 (de) 2008-04-01 2009-10-08 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Verfahren zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung des Füllstands eines Mediums in einem Behälter
DE102010063949A1 (de) 2010-12-22 2012-06-28 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Messgerät
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Cited By (30)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7496458B2 (en) * 2001-01-22 2009-02-24 I F M Electronic Gmbh Electrical transducer
US20020145528A1 (en) * 2001-01-22 2002-10-10 If M Electronic Gmbh Electrical transducer
US20050030186A1 (en) * 2003-08-07 2005-02-10 Huisenga Garrie D. Process device with loop override
US20050168343A1 (en) * 2003-08-07 2005-08-04 Longsdorf Randy J. Process control loop current verification
US7098798B2 (en) * 2003-08-07 2006-08-29 Rosemount Inc. Process device with loop override
US7280048B2 (en) * 2003-08-07 2007-10-09 Rosemount Inc. Process control loop current verification
US8400141B2 (en) * 2006-12-12 2013-03-19 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Apparatus for determining and/or monitoring a process variable
US20100109649A1 (en) * 2006-12-12 2010-05-06 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Apparatus for determining and/or monitoring a process variable
US9395226B2 (en) * 2006-12-20 2016-07-19 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Apparatus for determining and/or monitoring a process variable
US20100141285A1 (en) * 2006-12-20 2010-06-10 Armin Wernet Apparatus for determining and/or monitoring a process variable
WO2008135397A1 (de) 2007-05-03 2008-11-13 Endress+Hauser (Deutschland) Ag+Co. Kg Verfahren zum inbetriebnehmen und/oder rekonfigurieren eines programmierbaren feldmessgeräts
DE102007021099A1 (de) 2007-05-03 2008-11-13 Endress + Hauser (Deutschland) Ag + Co. Kg Verfahren zum Inbetriebnehmen und/oder Rekonfigurieren eines programmierbaren Feldmeßgeräts
DE102007058608A1 (de) 2007-12-04 2009-06-10 Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag Elektrisches Gerät
DE102008022373A1 (de) 2008-05-06 2009-11-12 Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag Meßgerät sowie Verfahren zum Überwachen eines Meßgeräts
US20110121794A1 (en) * 2008-07-31 2011-05-26 Micro Motionm Inc. Bus instrument and method for predictively limited power consumption in a two-wire instrumentation bus
US8595519B2 (en) * 2008-07-31 2013-11-26 Micro Motion, Inc. Bus instrument and method for predictively limited power consumption in a two-wire instrumentation bus
WO2011131399A1 (de) 2010-04-19 2011-10-27 Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag Treiberschaltung für einen messwandler sowie damit gebildetes messsystem
DE202010006553U1 (de) 2010-05-06 2011-10-05 Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag Elektronisches Meßgerät mit einem Optokoppler
DE102010030924A1 (de) 2010-06-21 2011-12-22 Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag Elektronik-Gehäuse für ein elektronisches Gerät bzw. damit gebildetes Gerät
WO2011160949A1 (de) 2010-06-21 2011-12-29 Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag Elektronik-gehäuse für ein elektronisches gerät bzw. damit gebildetes gerät
WO2012163608A1 (de) 2011-05-31 2012-12-06 Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag Messgerät-elektronik für ein messgerät-gerät und verfahren zum überprüfen des messgeräts
US9109936B2 (en) 2011-05-31 2015-08-18 Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag Measuring device electronics for a measuring device as well as measuring device formed therewith
DE102011076838A1 (de) 2011-05-31 2012-12-06 Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag Meßgerät-Elektronik für ein Meßgerät-Gerät sowie damit gebildetes Meßgerät-Gerät
US9020768B2 (en) 2011-08-16 2015-04-28 Rosemount Inc. Two-wire process control loop current diagnostics
US9891141B2 (en) 2012-09-25 2018-02-13 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Measuring device of process automation technology
US20170093533A1 (en) 2015-09-30 2017-03-30 Rosemount Inc. Process variable transmitter with self-learning loop diagnostics
US10367612B2 (en) 2015-09-30 2019-07-30 Rosemount Inc. Process variable transmitter with self-learning loop diagnostics
DE102016114860A1 (de) 2016-08-10 2018-02-15 Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag Treiberschaltung sowie damit gebildete Umformer-Elektronik bzw. damit gebildetes Meßsystem
WO2018028932A1 (de) 2016-08-10 2018-02-15 Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag Treiberschaltung, damit gebildete umformerelektronik und damit gebildetes messsystem
DE102022119145A1 (de) 2022-07-29 2024-02-01 Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag Anschlussschaltung für ein Feldgerät und Feldgerät

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US20020005713A1 (en) 2002-01-17
EP1301914A1 (de) 2003-04-16
EP1301914B1 (de) 2004-03-10
ATE261606T1 (de) 2004-03-15
WO2002007124A1 (de) 2002-01-24
DE50101670D1 (de) 2004-04-15
DE10034684A1 (de) 2002-01-31
AU2001269022A1 (en) 2002-01-30

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