EP1301914A1 - Messeinrichtung zur messung einer prozessvariablen - Google Patents
Messeinrichtung zur messung einer prozessvariablenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1301914A1 EP1301914A1 EP01947296A EP01947296A EP1301914A1 EP 1301914 A1 EP1301914 A1 EP 1301914A1 EP 01947296 A EP01947296 A EP 01947296A EP 01947296 A EP01947296 A EP 01947296A EP 1301914 A1 EP1301914 A1 EP 1301914A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- power
- current
- measuring
- measuring device
- microprocessor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
- G08C19/02—Electric signal transmission systems in which the signal transmitted is magnitude of current or voltage
Definitions
- Measuring device for measuring a process variable
- the invention relates to a measuring device for measuring an industrial process variable at a predetermined maximum power consumption by the measuring device. More particularly, the invention relates to a measuring device for connection to a current loop, in particular a 4-20 mA current loop, or to digital communication.
- Devices for measuring a process variable are used to record a process variable and to pass on the measured values for subsequent processing.
- the measured values can be passed on via a current loop or via digital communication. In both cases it is advantageous if the measuring device takes its required power from the two lines through which the measured value is passed on.
- the current in the current loop is set in such a way that its size reflects the size of the process variables.
- a standard has now been adopted that uses currents between 4 mA and 20 mA, a current of 4 mA through the current loop representing the maximum (or minimum) measurement value and a current of 20 mA representing the minimum (or maximum) measurement value of the process variables ,
- This measuring technique proves to be largely insensitive to interference and has been widely used in industrial applications.
- a measuring device that is supplied by means of a current loop has only a limited power available. This power depends on the supply voltage and the current set (according to the measured value to be output). Conventional measuring devices are dimensioned in such a way that they manage with the minimum available power, i.e. only need the power available at minimum current and voltage. If more power is available, this additional power is converted into power loss in a current stage and is not used in the measuring device to improve the measurement.
- Measuring devices that are controlled via digital communication often have a constant current consumption, since this is for data transmission
- REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26 ⁇ necessary is.
- the available power depends on the applied terminal voltage.
- Conventional measuring devices are also designed here so that the measuring circuit has a constant power consumption which corresponds to the power with a minimal supply voltage. Additional power offered with a larger supply voltage is also converted into power loss here.
- an improvement proposal is known in which an intelligent sensor is equipped with a sensor circuit.
- the transmitter is operated at a measuring frequency that corresponds to a power consumption that is greater than the power available at the minimum current and minimum voltage across the current loop. If this leads to a deficit (i.e. the power consumed exceeds the permissible available power), the sensor circuit determines this deficit and causes the execution of the measurement program to be suspended until the deficit no longer exists.
- the object of the invention is to provide a measuring device of the type mentioned at the outset which is capable of adapting its power requirement to the available power without the risk of incorrect displays of the measured value.
- the total power consumed for fulfilling the measurement task should be used as precisely as possible in such a way that the speed and quality of the measurement are optimized. Theoretically, the total power that corresponds to the measured value to be displayed would be consumed by the correspondingly frequent function of the transmitter. In practice, however, for safety's sake there will still be a certain difference between the available power and the power consumed to fulfill the measurement task, so that there is no power deficit and therefore no malfunction of the sensor. The excess power is converted into power loss (heat) in the measuring device. The sum of the two powers consumed must be so large that the total current consumed by the sensor corresponds to a defined value. This value is specified for the sensor within a current loop (4 - 20 mA) by the measured value currently to be output.
- REPLACEMENT BLA ⁇ (RULE 26)
- the value of the constantly consumed current corresponds to the general requirements in connection with the communication protocol used.
- the desired adaptation of the power consumed to carry out the measurement task to the available power is made possible without exceeding it by determining the current excess of power that should be converted into power loss.
- the control unit of the sensor is able, by means of suitable measures with regard to the type and frequency of carrying out the measuring cycles, to approximate the power consumption of the measuring device to the predetermined maximum available power in such a way that the excess is minimized without a specific predetermined limit for to fall short of the surplus. (Ideally, the excess at this limit is at least approximately zero.)
- the current excess can be determined either by directly measuring the excess current or the excess power. However, it is also possible indirectly to determine the current excess by measuring current or power consumed for carrying out the measurement task and measuring available power or knowledge of available current by forming the difference. If one chooses the way of indirect surplus determination, one can achieve a significant simplification with little disadvantage by dispensing with individual measurements for the determination of current or power and replacing them with suitable estimates and compliance with larger reserves.
- REPLACEMENT BLA ⁇ (RULE 26)
- the invention is suitable for any measuring devices for process variables, provided that these measuring devices are given an external power consumption, usually a varying maximum power consumption. This is, for example, the specification of the power consumption when supplying by means of a current loop, because here (in each case varying with the measured value to be displayed) only as much power may be consumed as corresponds to the current that can flow in the supply lines to display the correct measured value ,
- the invention is particularly suitable for sensors such as level sensors.
- the invention is described below with reference to two embodiments, which are a radar fill level sensor on the one hand, and an ultrasonic fill level sensor on the other hand.
- Such sensors are currently operated regularly via current loops or digital communications (Profibus PA, Fieldbus Foundation, ...) and are therefore exposed to the difficulties to be overcome according to the invention.
- a preferred implementation of the invention uses a current stage which is generally switched on in parallel with the other components of the measuring device.
- the current stage serves to consume the power (“power loss”) which remains when the power requirement of the measuring device in the measuring mode is deducted from the total power specified by the measured value display function.
- This unused power surplus is how already stated, a measure of the reserve that is still available in the system for increasing the measuring performance without the deficit stated in the prior art (EP 0 687 375) occurring.
- Such a current stage offers various options for measuring the excess power, as will be described below with reference to exemplary embodiments.
- the current excess power can be measured directly. Alternatively, it can be predicted. Known data can be used for this
- REPLACEMENT BLA ⁇ (RULE 26) the measuring device, for example the relatively large power consumption of individual components.
- a simpler solution consists of dividing the total available area, for example 4-20 mA, into sub-areas, each of which is assigned a specific frequency of measurement per unit of time. It is thus very easy to achieve that measurements are carried out relatively frequently in the sub-range which corresponds to the highest predetermined power decrease, while measurements are generally carried out less frequently in the sub-ranges which correspond to the lower available powers.
- connection of the measuring device to a digital communication, or a connected current loop enables completely analog measures to achieve the same advantages.
- a measuring device always consists of a generic part that corresponds to FIGS. 1, 2 or 7, and a connection to the supply according to FIGS. 3 to 6 or 8 to 13.
- a first exemplary embodiment of a measuring arrangement according to the invention is a radar fill level sensor.
- the sensor measures the level in a container.
- the measured value is either via a current loop with e.g. 4 - 20 mA or via digital communication, e.g. a fieldbus.
- Figure 1 shows part of such a radar sensor (101). The generic part is shown, which is independent of how the measured value is passed on.
- REPLACEMENT BLA ⁇ (RULE 26)
- a power supply unit (102) which is connected to supply lines (14) and (15) with a current stage, is used to supply energy to the sensor (101).
- the sensor is controlled by a microcontroller (106), the program of which is located in a program memory (107). It uses an EEPROM (109) and a RAM (108) for its data.
- the microcontroller controls the HF front end (103), which generates radar signals, sends them to the antenna (114) and processes the received signals. These signals are processed by the receiver (104) and digitally forwarded to the microcontroller by means of an A / D converter (105).
- the microcontroller determines a measured value from the digital signals. After a possible conversion, it transmits this via a control line (16) to the current stage (see below), which adjusts a current depending on it, or to the digital interface, which forwards the measured value via digital communication.
- the control lines (16) and (17) are used as a connection to the digital interface.
- the microcontroller has the option of putting the RF front end, the receiver or other circuit parts into an idle state with reduced power consumption via standby signals, or to switch them off entirely, as described below.
- Measuring lines (18) - (20) and an A / D converter (110), which is connected to the microcontroller (106), may be used to measure the current power consumption of the sensor.
- the microcontroller has a mode with reduced power consumption. Capacitors (111), (112), and (113) reduce the current fluctuations that occur when the components are switched on and off.
- FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a similarly constructed ultrasonic sensor.
- the sensor is controlled by a microcontroller (206) whose program is located in a program memory (207). It uses an EEPROM (209) and a RAM (208) for its data.
- the microcontroller controls the ultrasound transmitter (203), which supplies control signals for the sound transducer (214).
- the sound transducer (214) thereby generates sound waves that are emitted and emitted by a reflective medium be thrown back.
- the sound converter converts the received signals into electrical signals which are fed to the receiver (204). This amplifies and filters the signal before it is detected by the microcontroller (206) by means of an A / D converter (205).
- the microcontroller (206) uses this to determine a measured value, which it transmits via the control line (16) to the current stage, which adjusts a current depending on it, or to the digital interface, which forwards it via digital communication.
- FIG. 3 A first preferred implementation of the solution according to the invention for the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown in FIG. It is used to measure the excess power, which is available for the optimization of the measuring device operation, by means of a current stage (302).
- the measuring device in FIG. 3 is supplied with current by means of a current loop via the connections (11) and (12).
- the current stage (302) is connected in parallel to the rest of the circuit of the measuring device.
- the current stage monitors the total current via the voltage drop across a resistor (R301) and keeps it constant.
- the current through the current stage is regulated so that the total current through the resistor (R301) remains constant and corresponds to the value specified by the control line (16).
- the current that flows into the terminals of the measuring device is divided into a portion that flows into the supply line (14) and a portion that flows into the current stage (302).
- the current through the supply line (14) is used by the measuring device for working, the current through the current stage is not used to supply the measuring device, it is a measure of the current excess power.
- the microcontroller measures this excess, shown in FIG. 3 as a voltage measurement via a resistor (R302), and adjusts the current consumption of the sensor so that there is always a sufficient, albeit small, excess. If the excess decreases, parts of the measuring device (for example the transmission and reception area or the entire signal generation and processing area) are put into a power-saving idle state.
- FIG. 4 shows alternative ways to build the current stage (402). It is here in series with the supply lines (14, 15). It is followed by a Zener diode (403) (alternatively an electronic circuit which has a variable current consumption depending on the voltage). (The electronic circuit is usually preferred.)
- the total current of the complete measuring device is also sensed via a resistor (R401) and regulated accordingly. After the current stage, the current is divided into a part which is used to supply the measuring device (supply line + (14)) and an excess part which is taken up by the Zener diode. The excess is measured via the voltage drop across a resistor (R402), since the current through (R402) is a measure of the current power excess.
- the determination of the excess power becomes more precise if one additionally measures the voltage on the supply line + (14) with the measuring line (18).
- FIG. 13 shows an improved circuit compared to FIG. 4.
- a current stage (1302) is connected in series with the supply lines. It is followed by a circuit (1303) which consumes excess power. To do this, it senses the voltage on the supply line + (14) and, with the help of a line (1304), the voltage in front of the current stage.
- the circuit (1303) takes up just as much current that the voltage drop across the current stage (1302) is as small as possible to reduce power loss, but remains large enough so that the current stage can keep the current constant, even if the supply voltages fluctuate or the current consumption of the sensor.
- a measure of the excess power therefore results from the current through the Circuit (1303), which is measured, for example, via the voltage drop at (R1302) with the help of the measuring line (20).
- the determination of the excess power becomes more precise if one additionally measures the voltage on the supply line + (14) with the measuring line (18).
- FIG. 5 shows a current stage (502) comparable to that in FIG. 3.
- the current excess power is not measured directly.
- the current requirement of the measuring device is determined via a resistor (R502).
- a measure of the excess can be derived from the difference between the known current flowing in the current loop and the current requirement of the measuring device through (R502).
- the excess power can be determined more precisely by an additional measurement of the voltage available on the supply line + (14) by means of the measuring line (19).
- FIG. 6 represents a current stage (602), similar to FIG. 4.
- the excess is not measured here directly, but rather the input power at the terminals of the measuring device and the power consumption that the measuring device requires for supply are determined .
- the input power results from the known current flowing in the current loop and the input voltage measured via measuring line (19).
- the power consumption that the measuring device requires for supply is determined from the current through (R602) and the voltage of supply + (14) measured via measuring line (18).
- the difference between the two services is a measure of the current pending excess of service.
- the power consumption of the measuring device (101, 102) is often essentially determined by one or more large consumers. If information about the power consumption of these components is obtained, one can make a statement about the power consumption of the measuring device, for example by assuming a worst-case value for the unknown power consumption of the other components.
- the available power is determined, as shown, for example, in FIGS. 3 to 6, and the excess power is determined therefrom.
- the microcontroller determines whether parts of the measuring device must be put into said idle state in order to control the power consumption of the measuring device.
- FIG. 7 shows a radar sensor as a further preferred embodiment of the invention with the help of a measuring line (715) receives a statement about the power consumption of the receiver (704). It is irrelevant whether the sensor is powered by a current loop or digital communication. The same procedure can be carried out for an ultrasound sensor or a sensor with radar guided on the cable. It is only important to identify one or more main consumers whose current power requirements are determined.
- the available power For a rough statement of how much excess is currently available, it may be sufficient to determine only the available power. This can e.g. determine from input current and input voltage.
- the input current is known since it is predetermined by the microcontroller via the control line (16) of the current stage, and the input voltage is measured by means of a measuring line (18), as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.
- the idle states of the individual components can now be used to adapt the absorbed power of the sensor to the available power in such a way that a certain excess of power always remains.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 show further simplifications preferred according to the invention.
- the current currently required is shown as a voltage drop across the resistor (R1002) using the measuring line (18) or via (R1102) using the Measuring line (20) measured.
- the microcontroller can regulate this current by controlling the idle states so that it always remains below the current available.
- the current stage (1202) keeps the current constant at times when there is no communication.
- the digital interface (1203) receives data from the microcontroller via the control line (16), which it transmits in modulated form to the current stage, which changes the current accordingly.
- the type of modulation depends on the specifications of the digital communication used.
- Data is received by the signals on the supply line + (14) or on the current stage (1202) being recognized by the digital interface (1203) and passed on demodulated via the control line (17) to the microcontroller.
- the measurement of the excess is realized by measuring the voltage drop via (R1202) with the measuring line (18) or additionally the voltage on the supply line + (14) with the measuring line (19).
- the other methods described so far can also be applied to measuring devices with digital communication.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
- Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
- Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10034684 | 2000-07-17 | ||
DE10034684A DE10034684A1 (de) | 2000-07-17 | 2000-07-17 | Meßeinrichtung zur Messung einer Prozeßvariablen |
PCT/EP2001/005769 WO2002007124A1 (de) | 2000-07-17 | 2001-05-19 | Messeinrichtung zur messung einer prozessvariablen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1301914A1 true EP1301914A1 (de) | 2003-04-16 |
EP1301914B1 EP1301914B1 (de) | 2004-03-10 |
Family
ID=7649187
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01947296A Revoked EP1301914B1 (de) | 2000-07-17 | 2001-05-19 | Messeinrichtung zur messung einer prozessvariablen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6512358B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1301914B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE261606T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2001269022A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10034684A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002007124A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (24)
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DE10102791B4 (de) * | 2001-01-22 | 2004-04-15 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Elektrischer Meßumformer |
DE10125387A1 (de) * | 2001-05-23 | 2002-12-05 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Netzwerks mit drahtloser Datenübertragung sowie Teilnehmer für ein derartiges Netzwerk |
US6680690B1 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2004-01-20 | Saab Marine Electronics Ab | Power efficiency circuit |
US7280048B2 (en) * | 2003-08-07 | 2007-10-09 | Rosemount Inc. | Process control loop current verification |
US7018800B2 (en) * | 2003-08-07 | 2006-03-28 | Rosemount Inc. | Process device with quiescent current diagnostics |
WO2007002769A1 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2007-01-04 | Rosemount Inc. | Field device with dynamically adjustable power consumption radio frequency communication |
DE102006058925A1 (de) * | 2006-12-12 | 2008-06-19 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung einer Prozessgröße |
DE102006060921A1 (de) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung einer Prozessgröße |
DE102007021099A1 (de) | 2007-05-03 | 2008-11-13 | Endress + Hauser (Deutschland) Ag + Co. Kg | Verfahren zum Inbetriebnehmen und/oder Rekonfigurieren eines programmierbaren Feldmeßgeräts |
DE102007058608A1 (de) | 2007-12-04 | 2009-06-10 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Elektrisches Gerät |
DE102008016940A1 (de) | 2008-04-01 | 2009-10-08 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung des Füllstands eines Mediums in einem Behälter |
DE102008022373A1 (de) | 2008-05-06 | 2009-11-12 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Meßgerät sowie Verfahren zum Überwachen eines Meßgeräts |
EP2321813B1 (de) * | 2008-07-31 | 2014-09-03 | Micro Motion, Inc. | Businstrument und Verfahren zur prädiktiven Begrenzung des Stromverbrauchs in einem Zweidraht-Instrumentationsbus |
WO2011131399A1 (de) | 2010-04-19 | 2011-10-27 | Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag | Treiberschaltung für einen messwandler sowie damit gebildetes messsystem |
DE202010006553U1 (de) | 2010-05-06 | 2011-10-05 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Elektronisches Meßgerät mit einem Optokoppler |
DE102010030924A1 (de) | 2010-06-21 | 2011-12-22 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Elektronik-Gehäuse für ein elektronisches Gerät bzw. damit gebildetes Gerät |
DE102010063949A1 (de) | 2010-12-22 | 2012-06-28 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Messgerät |
DE102011076838A1 (de) | 2011-05-31 | 2012-12-06 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Meßgerät-Elektronik für ein Meßgerät-Gerät sowie damit gebildetes Meßgerät-Gerät |
US9020768B2 (en) | 2011-08-16 | 2015-04-28 | Rosemount Inc. | Two-wire process control loop current diagnostics |
DE102012109010A1 (de) * | 2012-09-25 | 2014-03-27 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Messgerät der Prozessautomatisierungstechnik |
US10367612B2 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2019-07-30 | Rosemount Inc. | Process variable transmitter with self-learning loop diagnostics |
DE102016114860A1 (de) | 2016-08-10 | 2018-02-15 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Treiberschaltung sowie damit gebildete Umformer-Elektronik bzw. damit gebildetes Meßsystem |
US11592891B2 (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2023-02-28 | Dell Products L.P. | System and method for diagnosing resistive shorts in an information handling system |
DE102022119145A1 (de) | 2022-07-29 | 2024-02-01 | Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag | Anschlussschaltung für ein Feldgerät und Feldgerät |
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DE6912918U (de) | 1969-03-25 | 1969-09-18 | Varta Ag | Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen herstellung von negativer aktiver masse fuer alkalische akkumulatoren |
JPS5933656A (ja) * | 1982-08-18 | 1984-02-23 | Nec Corp | リ−ル固定機構 |
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DE59509491D1 (de) * | 1995-05-24 | 2001-09-13 | Endress Hauser Gmbh Co | Anordnung zur leitungsgebundenen Energieversorgung eines Signalgebers vom Singnalempfänger |
DE19723645B4 (de) * | 1997-06-05 | 2006-04-13 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Anordnung zur Signalübertragung zwischen einer Geberstelle und einer Empfangsstelle |
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EP0927982B2 (de) * | 1997-12-30 | 2011-11-23 | Endress + Hauser GmbH + Co. KG | Messumformer-Speisegerät |
-
2000
- 2000-07-17 DE DE10034684A patent/DE10034684A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-12-07 US US09/730,557 patent/US6512358B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-05-19 WO PCT/EP2001/005769 patent/WO2002007124A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2001-05-19 AT AT01947296T patent/ATE261606T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-19 AU AU2001269022A patent/AU2001269022A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-05-19 EP EP01947296A patent/EP1301914B1/de not_active Revoked
- 2001-05-19 DE DE50101670T patent/DE50101670D1/de not_active Revoked
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0207124A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2001269022A1 (en) | 2002-01-30 |
DE50101670D1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
ATE261606T1 (de) | 2004-03-15 |
DE10034684A1 (de) | 2002-01-31 |
WO2002007124A1 (de) | 2002-01-24 |
US6512358B2 (en) | 2003-01-28 |
EP1301914B1 (de) | 2004-03-10 |
US20020005713A1 (en) | 2002-01-17 |
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