US6475386B1 - Filter for purifying domestic drinking water - Google Patents

Filter for purifying domestic drinking water Download PDF

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Publication number
US6475386B1
US6475386B1 US09/558,558 US55855800A US6475386B1 US 6475386 B1 US6475386 B1 US 6475386B1 US 55855800 A US55855800 A US 55855800A US 6475386 B1 US6475386 B1 US 6475386B1
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United States
Prior art keywords
filter
envelope
activated carbon
contaminants
drinking water
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Expired - Fee Related
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US09/558,558
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English (en)
Inventor
Charles Joseph Carr
Richard William Farmer
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Calgon Carbon Corp
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Calgon Carbon Corp
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Assigned to CALGON CARBON CORPORATION reassignment CALGON CARBON CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CARR, CHARLES JOSEPH, FARMER, RICHARD WILLAIM
Priority to US09/558,558 priority Critical patent/US6475386B1/en
Priority to JP2001578351A priority patent/JP2003531005A/ja
Priority to AT01927347T priority patent/ATE316942T1/de
Priority to DE60117014T priority patent/DE60117014T2/de
Priority to CA002407039A priority patent/CA2407039A1/fr
Priority to PCT/US2001/013412 priority patent/WO2001081250A1/fr
Priority to EP01927347A priority patent/EP1276698B1/fr
Priority to AU2001253808A priority patent/AU2001253808A1/en
Priority to TW090110021A priority patent/TWI235136B/zh
Priority to ES01927347T priority patent/ES2257406T3/es
Publication of US6475386B1 publication Critical patent/US6475386B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Assigned to JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. reassignment JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: CALGON CARBON CORPORATION
Assigned to CALGON CARBON CORPORATION reassignment CALGON CARBON CORPORATION RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
    • B01J20/165—Natural alumino-silicates, e.g. zeolites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
    • B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28033—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C02F1/003—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using household-type filters for producing potable water, e.g. pitchers, bottles, faucet mounted devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2307/00—Location of water treatment or water treatment device
    • C02F2307/04—Location of water treatment or water treatment device as part of a pitcher or jug

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a filter for the removal of contaminants from domestic drinking water.
  • the present invention relates to a gravity-flow filter containing adsorbents to remove a plurality of contaminant species from domestic drinking water.
  • the carafe consists essentially of an upper chamber, a lower chamber, and a gravity-flow filter which is disposed tightly but removably between the chambers such that the filtered water is separated from the feed water.
  • the carafe treats water in batches. Feed water is poured into the upper chamber and permeates by gravity through the gravity-flow filter. The filtered water is collected in the lower chamber.
  • THMs trihalomethanes
  • the present invention provides a filter comprising at least two adsorbents for reducing the levels of contaminants found in domestic drinking water.
  • the filter efficiently removes cationic species, free chlorine and organic chemicals and substantially eliminates bad taste and odor.
  • Adsorbents suitable for use in the present invention include, for example, oxidized activated carbon, activated carbons, zeolites, ion exchange resins, silica gel, and activated alumina.
  • One embodiment of the present invention combines oxidized activated carbon to advantageously remove cationic species with activated carbon to adsorb organic chemicals and contaminants responsible for bad taste and odor and to react with free chlorine.
  • the oxidized activated carbon comprises oxidized activated carbon fibers or fabric, or activated carbon cloth (“ACC”).
  • the filter of the present invention is designed to optimally direct water through the adsorbents to minimize potential for flow by-pass and efficiently use the adsorbents in the filter.
  • the filter comprises a filter housing containing an elongated envelope longitudinally disposed within for retaining the adsorbents therein.
  • the filter housing and the envelope are spaced apart from each other to define a space therebetween.
  • a particulate filtering means comprising, for example, filter paper is disposed in the space between the filter housing and the envelope to retain any dust which may escape from the adsorbents.
  • the filter housing has an inlet port for feeding unheated domestic drinking water into the filter and an outlet port for discharging the filtered or treated water from the filter.
  • the envelope may be made of any inert plastic material such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, or polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the envelope includes at least one means for retaining the adsorbents therein located near the inlet port the filter.
  • An additional retaining means is preferably included near the outlet port of the filter.
  • the retaining means may be screens, which can be of an inert plastic material or a non-corrodible metal, or perforated plates such that the adsorbents are contained and, preferably, packed tightly inside the envelope without substantially inhibiting the water flow.
  • the envelope is filled with activated carbon, that is of granular, pelletized or spherical form, and includes at least one layer of oxidized ACC, preferably near the inlet end of the filter housing.
  • a plurality of layers of oxidized ACC are positioned between the inlet and the activated carbon. In this way, the oxidized ACC layers receive inflow to remove cationic species before water traverses activated carbon bed in the envelope which removes dissolved organic materials, contaminants and free chlorine.
  • the oxidized activated carbon or ACC may be interspersed throughout the activated carbon bed.
  • the oxidized carbon When the oxidized carbon is in the granular, pelletized, or spherical form it may be mixed with the activated carbon to effectively remove cationic species and organic materials.
  • use of oxidized activated carbon eliminates the need to employ an ion exchange resin and provides increased overall capacity and capability of the filter to remove organic materials. This efficiency stems from the large micropore volume which is useful for adsorption of organic materials in addition to cationic species.
  • the filter design further promotes efficient use of adsorbents by directing the water to flow axially through the envelope and substantially eliminates flow by-pass, which is a common problem for liquid flow in filters comprising particulate materials.
  • Optimal flow and filtration rates can be achieved by adjusting the diameter of the envelope in relation to the diameter of the filter housing and the distance between the second retaining means of the envelope and the bottom of the filter housing.
  • activated carbon also may be disposed in the space between the envelope and the filter housing to provide additional capacity for removal of contaminants.
  • perforations may be formed into the envelope and located throughout its length. The sizes of the perforations may be selected such that they ensure a water flow throughout the adsorbent. For example, the size of the perforations may increase in the direction away from the inlet of the filter housing so that water does not preferentially flow out of the envelope through the perforations near the inlet port of the housing.
  • the filter essentially consists of an envelope substantially as described above.
  • the filter further has a removable connecting means at the inlet port for optionally adapting to a water source such as a sink faucet or water fountain.
  • the connecting means may comprise any suitable means such as pipe, hose, or tube fittings.
  • the filter may be designed for accommodation within a standard water pitcher.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the filter of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows the removal of chloroform by two filters of the present invention containing only activated carbon adsorbents.
  • FIG. 3 shows the removal of lead by two filters of the present invention containing only activated carbon adsorbents.
  • the filter comprises a filter housing 10 having an inlet port 11 for inflow, an outlet port 12 for discharging filtered or treated water and an adsorbent portion 20 disposed within for retaining the adsorbents.
  • Filter housing 10 is preferably made of a polymeric material such as high-density polyethylene, ultrahigh-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylchloride, polycarbonates or the like.
  • the filter housing 10 has a cylindrical shape.
  • the inlet port 11 has a plurality of perforations 13 through which water flows into the filter and, optionally, perforated member 15 positioned beyond or below perforations 13 to further distribute water across the top of the adsorbents.
  • Outlet port 12 has a plurality of perforations 14 disposed near the filter housing wall.
  • Envelope 50 comprises a top cylindrical portion 51 and a bottom cylindrical portion 52 .
  • envelope 50 is maintained inside the filter housing 10 by a spacer 60 which is attached to the filter housing so that the bottom cylindrical portion 52 does not touch the filter outlet port 12 .
  • a retaining means 53 is attached to the lower end of the bottom cylindrical portion 52 .
  • Retaining means 53 may be formed into the envelope, comprise of an attachable screen or machined piece or by other suitable means.
  • the top cylindrical portion 51 fits tightly inside the filter housing 10 .
  • the outside diameter of the bottom cylindrical portion 52 is smaller than the inside diameter of the filter housing 10 .
  • the envelope 50 and the filter housing 10 together define an annular space 70 .
  • a cylindrical particulate filter 80 made of fluted filter paper is disposed in the annular space 70 against the wall of the filter housing 10 for removing any carbon dust which may escape from the envelope 50 .
  • Envelope 50 is filled with an activated carbon having a mesh size which provides an optimal adsorption rate of contaminants, such as 12 ⁇ 40 mesh (U.S. sieve series).
  • the activated carbon may be in granular, pelletized or spherical form and may be made from any suitable raw material; such as processed coal, nut shell, peat, wood, or polymeric materials.
  • a thermal process for activated carbon manufacture comprises carbonization of the raw material and selective gasification of the internal porous structure of the carbonized material to produce the large adsorption pore volume of the activated carbon.
  • a plurality of layers of oxidized ACC adsorbent 54 is disposed on top of the activated carbon proximately to the inlet port 11 .
  • An oxidized ACC adsorbent suitable for the present invention is disclosed in U.S.
  • an oxidized ACC suitable for inclusion in this invention has a contact pH less than about 4, more preferably less than about 3, and most preferably less than about 2.5.
  • the contact pH of the oxidized carbon is measured by the method disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/335,108 entitled “Carbon Char for Metals-Removal,” filed Jun. 17, 1999.
  • the adsorbents may be secured by a retaining means 55 disposed on top of the plurality of layers of the oxidized ACC adsorbent 54 .
  • Feed water is introduced into the filter through perforations 13 , distributed through perforated member 15 and retaining means 55 .
  • Cationic contaminants are substantially adsorbed by the plurality of layers of oxidized ACC adsorbent 54 . Water subsequently flows through the top cylindrical portion 51 and the bottom cylindrical portion 52 . Purified water emerges from the adsorbent bed through the retaining means 53 and is discharged from the filter housing through perforations 14 .
  • activated carbon may be contained in the annular space 70 and in the space between the retaining means 53 and the bottom of the filter housing 10 .
  • the annular space 70 may be filled completely with activated carbon.
  • perforations 14 may be advantageously formed into the filter housing immediately below the ring 60 .
  • the filter of the present invention provides an additional amount of activated carbon to lower the residual concentrations of contaminants even further or to extend the service life of the filter.
  • a carafe filter housing similar to that shown in FIG. 1, made of polyethylene was chosen for testing.
  • the housing has a cylindrical form having a length of about 6.1 inches, an inlet port diameter of about 2.1 inches, and an outlet port diameter of about 2.0 inches.
  • a particulate filter comprising a fluted filter paper was disposed against the interior surface of the filter housing.
  • the filter cavity was filled with an amount of 118 ml of F600TM granular activated carbon (available from Calgon Carbon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa.).
  • Three layers of oxidized FM5-250 ACC were placed between the inlet and the granular activated carbon.
  • the oxidized FM5-250 ACC was prepared according to the process disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/335,108 and had an ion exchange capacity of 1.4 meq/g of carbon as was measure by the method disclosed in the same patent application.
  • the filter housing was sealed for water purification testing.
  • Another carafe filter housing having the same dimension as that of Example 1 included a particulate filter comprising a flute filter paper disposed against the interior surface of the filter housing and an envelope constructed of polyethylene such that the top cylindrical portion had a diameter of 2 inches and a length of 1 7 ⁇ 8 inch and the bottom cylindrical portion has a diameter of 7 ⁇ 8 inch and a length of 3 inches.
  • a wire mesh screen was attached to the lower end of the bottom cylindrical portion to retain the adsorbents in the envelope. The screen was about 1 ⁇ 2 inch from the bottom of the filter housing when the envelope was installed inside the filter housing.
  • the envelope was filled with about 70 ml of F600TM granular activated carbon. Three layers of oxidized FM5-250 ACC adsorbent were placed on top of the F600TM granular activated carbon. The filled envelope was placed inside the filter housing which was subsequently resealed for testing.
  • the water used for the testing was prepared according to the methods prescribed in American National Standard Institute/National Sanitation Foundation (“ANSI/NSF”) Standard 53 Drinking Water Treatment Units—Health Effects (National Sanitation International, Ann Arbor, Mich.). Milli-Q (twice deionized) water was used as the base water to which were added inorganic salts of magnesium and calcium to increase the total dissolved solids, sodium bicarbonate to increase the alkalinity, and sodium hypochlorite to increase the free chlorine content of the water. Specifically, for each 20-liter batch, the following quantities of chemicals were added:
  • the pH of the water was then measured and adjusted to pH of 8.50 ⁇ 0.25 using hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide. Once the pH was stabilized, lead was added in the form of lead nitrate. The lead target concentration was 150 ⁇ g/L.
  • the organic contaminant used in the evaluation of the invention was chloroform. Chloroform was chosen for the testing since this compound has been used as a surrogate for volatile organic compounds (“VOCs”) in ANSI/NSF Standard 53. Once the chloroform was added, the solution was stirred overnight to allow sufficient time for the chloroform to dissolve. The chloroform target concentration was 300 ⁇ g/L.
  • the carafe filters of Examples 1 and 2 and an as-received P_T® Plus carafe filter were tested for lead and chloroform removal using the above-described water.
  • the as-received P P® Plus carafe filter had similar dimensions as the filters of Examples 1 and 2 and contained a mixture of granular activated carbon and ion exchange resin. The results obtained after 40 liters of water have been treated are as shown in Table 1.
  • the present invention shows measurable and significant improvements over a current commercial filter after 40 liters of water have been treated to remove both inorganic and organic contaminants at high efficiency. Moreover, the present invention can be used to manage and treat significant total water volume.
  • the literature for the P_T® Plus standard filter, a reference filter in this demonstration shows a claim to treat 40 gallons (151.4 liters) of water.
  • the testing of the filters of Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention continued through 150 liters.
  • the data in FIGS. 2 and 3 show the concentration of chloroform and lead measured in the treated water.
  • the chloroform removal at 150 liters of water treated was about 97% for the filter of Example 1 and 100% for the filter of Example 2. It is expected that the P t® Plus filter may be less.
  • the filter of Example 1 still removed about 97% of the lead while the filter of Example 2 removed about 95.5%.
  • the slightly lower lead removal of the filter of Example 2 can be attributed to the smaller amount of granular activated carbon used in this filter because activated carbon inherently has some capacity to remove cationic species.
  • the advantage of the present invention is further noted by examining the data at 300 liters which show that the filters of the present invention can remove simultaneously cationic species and organic materials to a high degree.
  • the filter of Example 1 removed about 95% of the chloroform while the filter of Example 2 still removed 98% of the chloroform.
  • the lead removal also remained at high levels, with the filter of Example 1 at about 91% and the filter of Example filter 2 at about 86%.
  • the overall performance of the filters of the present invention can be adjusted to meet the requirements of the target market through varying the dimensions of the envelope.
  • the lead removal capacity of a filter of the present invention can be enhanced by including additional layers of oxidized carbon cloth.
  • a comparison of the filters in Examples 1 and 2 shows that containing activated carbon in the envelope improves the utilization of the organic adsorption capacity of the activated carbon. This improvement is achieved even though the amount of granular activated carbon in the filter of Example 2 is much less than the amount of granular activated carbon in the filter of Example 1. Improved axial flow, which is a result of reduced likelihood of flow by-pass, through the activated carbon bed as in the filters of the present invention results in an efficient utilization of the granular activated carbon for organic contaminant removal.
  • the use of the oxidized activated carbon adsorbent which, unlike ion exchange resins, also has a large capacity for organic removal in addition to its capacity to remove cationic species, allows for a longer service life of the filter.
  • the combined advantage therefore explains the 100% removal of lead through the first 40 liters of water treated using the filters of Examples 1 and 2 while the commercial as-received filter used here as the reference removed only 98% of the lead.
  • the service life of the present invention can also be extended further when activated carbon adsorbent is also contained in the space between the envelope and the filter housing.
  • the perforations for the discharging of treated or purified water are located around the circumference of the filter housing just below the spacer 60 , such as a support ring.
  • perforations are provided along the length of the envelope 50 , and activated carbon is contained in the space between the envelope and the filter housing. The size of the perforations increases in the direction of the water flow through the envelope to ensure that water does not bypass the activated carbon in the envelope.
  • This embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of the lower superficial velocity of water through the carbon bed, which promotes a sharper mass transfer zone, and the minimum flow by-pass, which promotes a more efficient use of the limited amount of carbon in the filter.
  • the length of the envelope may be adjusted to provide an optimal flow rate of, and filtering time for, water through the filter.
  • the time to filter one liter of water was 20 minutes. If the length of this envelope were increased to leave a gap of only 1 ⁇ 4 inch from the bottom of the filter housing then the filtration time increased to 40 minutes. Further, when the diameter of the bottom cylindrical portion of the envelope was increased to 1 inch and the lower retaining means was 1 ⁇ 2 inch from the bottom of the filter housing, the filtration time for one liter of water decreased to 9 minutes.
  • Table 2 The results are summarized in Table 2.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
US09/558,558 2000-04-26 2000-04-26 Filter for purifying domestic drinking water Expired - Fee Related US6475386B1 (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/558,558 US6475386B1 (en) 2000-04-26 2000-04-26 Filter for purifying domestic drinking water
EP01927347A EP1276698B1 (fr) 2000-04-26 2001-04-26 Filtre pour purifier l'eau potable domestique
TW090110021A TWI235136B (en) 2000-04-26 2001-04-26 Filter for purifying domestic drinking water
DE60117014T DE60117014T2 (de) 2000-04-26 2001-04-26 Filter zur reinigung von trinkwasser im haushalt
CA002407039A CA2407039A1 (fr) 2000-04-26 2001-04-26 Filtre pour purifier l'eau potable domestique
PCT/US2001/013412 WO2001081250A1 (fr) 2000-04-26 2001-04-26 Filtre pour purifier l'eau potable domestique
JP2001578351A JP2003531005A (ja) 2000-04-26 2001-04-26 家庭用飲料水を浄化するためのフィルタ
AU2001253808A AU2001253808A1 (en) 2000-04-26 2001-04-26 Filter for purifying domestic drinking water
AT01927347T ATE316942T1 (de) 2000-04-26 2001-04-26 Filter zur reinigung von trinkwasser im haushalt
ES01927347T ES2257406T3 (es) 2000-04-26 2001-04-26 Filtro para purificar agua potable domestica.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/558,558 US6475386B1 (en) 2000-04-26 2000-04-26 Filter for purifying domestic drinking water

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US6475386B1 true US6475386B1 (en) 2002-11-05

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US09/558,558 Expired - Fee Related US6475386B1 (en) 2000-04-26 2000-04-26 Filter for purifying domestic drinking water

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US (1) US6475386B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1276698B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003531005A (fr)
AT (1) ATE316942T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001253808A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2407039A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60117014T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2257406T3 (fr)
TW (1) TWI235136B (fr)
WO (1) WO2001081250A1 (fr)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040026307A1 (en) * 2002-08-09 2004-02-12 Kikuo Tamura Water activation device
US6811036B1 (en) * 2002-10-21 2004-11-02 Vincent Vaiano Drinking straw with integral filtration system
US20050059549A1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2005-03-17 Vo Toan Phan Method for removing heavy metals using an adsorbent
US20050077246A1 (en) * 2002-07-15 2005-04-14 Pardini James J. Treatment of liquid using porous polymer containment member
US20050093189A1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2005-05-05 Vo Toan P. Adsorbents for removing heavy metals and methods for producing and using the same
US20050109700A1 (en) * 2002-07-15 2005-05-26 Bortun Anatoly I. pH adjuster-based system for treating liquids
US20050150835A1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2005-07-14 Vo Toan P. Adsorbents for removing heavy metals and methods for producing and using the same
US20050155934A1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2005-07-21 Vo Toan P. Method for removing contaminants from fluid streams
US20050218047A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-06 Access Business Group International Llc Fluid treatment system
US20050247635A1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2005-11-10 Vo Toan P Adsorbents for removing heavy metal cations and methods for producing and using these adsorbents
US20070095758A1 (en) * 2002-07-15 2007-05-03 Magnesium Elektron, Inc. pH ADJUSTER-BASED SYSTEM FOR TREATING LIQUIDS
US20090057228A1 (en) * 2007-08-29 2009-03-05 Siemens Water Technologies Corp. System and method of filtering using stratified activated carbon
US20090325019A1 (en) * 2008-06-25 2009-12-31 O'leary Kelly In situ fuel cell contamination sampling device
US20100006508A1 (en) * 2008-07-09 2010-01-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Multi-Stage Water Filters
US20100012590A1 (en) * 2008-05-09 2010-01-21 Pdw Technology, Llc Method and system for treatment of water
US20120017766A1 (en) * 2010-04-19 2012-01-26 Anson Ricky L Water container cap with filter for holding additives to water
US20130270174A1 (en) * 2012-03-30 2013-10-17 Selecto, Inc. High flow-through gravity purification system for water
US9028690B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2015-05-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Water treatment cartridge
US9352979B2 (en) 2009-01-13 2016-05-31 Access Business Group International Llc Gravity feed water treatment system
US10343931B2 (en) 2015-09-30 2019-07-09 Brita Lp Filter cartridge placement in filter as you pour system
US20200009482A1 (en) * 2018-07-07 2020-01-09 Paragon Water Systems, Inc. Water filter cartridge having an air vent
US11825974B1 (en) * 2020-03-01 2023-11-28 Michael O. Murphy Expandable strainer insert for bottles
WO2024124219A1 (fr) * 2022-12-09 2024-06-13 Asrc Energy Services, Llc Systèmes et procédés de remédiation

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JP4880580B2 (ja) * 2007-12-28 2012-02-22 日本碍子株式会社 浄水器
ITPD20090022U1 (it) 2009-04-08 2010-10-09 Laica Spa Cartuccia filtrante perfezionata
CN105289484A (zh) * 2015-04-02 2016-02-03 江苏沥泽生化科技有限公司 一种高效吸附活性炭纤维布及其制备方法

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EP0285908A2 (fr) 1987-04-10 1988-10-12 LEIFHEIT Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour améliorer la qualité de l'eau potable
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US20050059549A1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2005-03-17 Vo Toan Phan Method for removing heavy metals using an adsorbent
US7429551B2 (en) 2001-08-27 2008-09-30 Calgon Carbon Corporation Adsorbents for removing heavy metals
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US20050247635A1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2005-11-10 Vo Toan P Adsorbents for removing heavy metal cations and methods for producing and using these adsorbents
US6914034B2 (en) * 2001-08-27 2005-07-05 Calgon Carbon Corporation Adsorbents for removing heavy metals and methods for producing and using the same
US20050150835A1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2005-07-14 Vo Toan P. Adsorbents for removing heavy metals and methods for producing and using the same
US7442310B2 (en) 2002-07-15 2008-10-28 Magnesium Elektron, Inc. Treating liquids with pH adjuster-based system
US20050109700A1 (en) * 2002-07-15 2005-05-26 Bortun Anatoly I. pH adjuster-based system for treating liquids
US7169297B2 (en) 2002-07-15 2007-01-30 Magnesium Elektron, Inc. pH adjuster-based system for treating liquids
US20070095758A1 (en) * 2002-07-15 2007-05-03 Magnesium Elektron, Inc. pH ADJUSTER-BASED SYSTEM FOR TREATING LIQUIDS
US20050077246A1 (en) * 2002-07-15 2005-04-14 Pardini James J. Treatment of liquid using porous polymer containment member
US20040026307A1 (en) * 2002-08-09 2004-02-12 Kikuo Tamura Water activation device
US7094342B2 (en) 2002-08-09 2006-08-22 Kikuo Tamura Water activation device
US6811036B1 (en) * 2002-10-21 2004-11-02 Vincent Vaiano Drinking straw with integral filtration system
US20050218047A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-06 Access Business Group International Llc Fluid treatment system
US20090057228A1 (en) * 2007-08-29 2009-03-05 Siemens Water Technologies Corp. System and method of filtering using stratified activated carbon
US20100012590A1 (en) * 2008-05-09 2010-01-21 Pdw Technology, Llc Method and system for treatment of water
US9306232B2 (en) * 2008-06-25 2016-04-05 GM Global Technology Operations LLC In situ fuel cell contamination sampling device
US20090325019A1 (en) * 2008-06-25 2009-12-31 O'leary Kelly In situ fuel cell contamination sampling device
US20100006508A1 (en) * 2008-07-09 2010-01-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Multi-Stage Water Filters
US10336639B2 (en) 2009-01-13 2019-07-02 Access Business Group International Llc Gravity feed water treatment system
US9352979B2 (en) 2009-01-13 2016-05-31 Access Business Group International Llc Gravity feed water treatment system
US20120017766A1 (en) * 2010-04-19 2012-01-26 Anson Ricky L Water container cap with filter for holding additives to water
US20130270174A1 (en) * 2012-03-30 2013-10-17 Selecto, Inc. High flow-through gravity purification system for water
US10519046B2 (en) * 2012-03-30 2019-12-31 Selecto, Inc. High flow-through gravity purification system for water
US9028690B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2015-05-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Water treatment cartridge
US10343931B2 (en) 2015-09-30 2019-07-09 Brita Lp Filter cartridge placement in filter as you pour system
US20200009482A1 (en) * 2018-07-07 2020-01-09 Paragon Water Systems, Inc. Water filter cartridge having an air vent
US11872506B2 (en) * 2018-07-07 2024-01-16 Paragon Water Systems, Inc. Water filter cartridge having an air vent
US11825974B1 (en) * 2020-03-01 2023-11-28 Michael O. Murphy Expandable strainer insert for bottles
WO2024124219A1 (fr) * 2022-12-09 2024-06-13 Asrc Energy Services, Llc Systèmes et procédés de remédiation

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DE60117014D1 (de) 2006-04-13
WO2001081250A1 (fr) 2001-11-01
CA2407039A1 (fr) 2001-11-01
JP2003531005A (ja) 2003-10-21
DE60117014T2 (de) 2006-08-03
ES2257406T3 (es) 2006-08-01
TWI235136B (en) 2005-07-01
EP1276698A1 (fr) 2003-01-22
AU2001253808A1 (en) 2001-11-07
ATE316942T1 (de) 2006-02-15

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