US6310332B1 - Heating blankets and the like - Google Patents
Heating blankets and the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6310332B1 US6310332B1 US09/581,025 US58102500A US6310332B1 US 6310332 B1 US6310332 B1 US 6310332B1 US 58102500 A US58102500 A US 58102500A US 6310332 B1 US6310332 B1 US 6310332B1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- conductor
- meltdown
- heating element
- layer
- blanket
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
- H05B3/56—Heating cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/019—Heaters using heating elements having a negative temperature coefficient
Definitions
- This invention relates to what are termed herein as “blankets” and in the majority of cases this will be the apt description, but in fact the items may be more generally described as sheet materials as they will not necessarily in all cases be used as “blankets”.
- the sheet materials are however in all cases provided with electric heating elements and as the majority of sheet materials which have heating elements can accurately be described as blankets, only this expression is used hereinafter, in the interests of simplicity of description, but it is to be remembered that the invention can be applied to other sheet heating devices, such as pads, and seat warmers.
- the invention is more specifically concerned with heating elements for such blankets.
- an electric blanket comprises a heating element in the form of a long tubular assembly comprising an inner core around which is wound a first or inner resistance heating conductor, a plastic (e.g. polythene) meltdown tube which overlies the inner conductor, a second or outer, resistance heating conductor which is wound on the plastic meltdown tube, and an outer cover tube.
- the meltdown tube therefore forms a meltdown layer between the conductors.
- the conductors are connected or are for connection to an alternating current power supply, whilst at the other end, the conductors are connected through a one way rectifier, e. g. a diode, so that only half cycles of one type pass through the conductors. It is usual for only the positive half cycles of the power supply to pass through the conductors.
- a one way rectifier e. g. a diode
- the plastic tube is called a meltdown tube as it forms the means of preventing overheating of the blanket, insofar as if the blanket element overheats, the plastic tube will melt, which has either the effect of causing a short circuit between the conductors if the melting takes place at the first end of the element, or of allowing the negative half cycle current to flow through the conductors, and in either case, the condition can be detected, and the power shut off.
- a third electric conductor for example of the so called “tinsel” type
- This third conductor is placed in the inner core, and is separated from the adjacent inner conductor by a layer of specially doped PVC to provide a resistance between the inner conductors and the third conductor.
- This doped PVC has a negative temperature characteristic (NTC) as between temperature and resistance, or in other words as the temperature of the material increases, so the resistance of the material decreases.
- the NTC is furthermore of a high value in that the resistance between the inner conductor and the third conductor at room temperature might be in the order of mega ohms and at a temperature of say 70° C. would be in the order of several hundred ohms.
- the NTC use is made of the NTC, by electronic means, to detect the change in resistance which takes place when overheating takes place, so that the power to the blanket can be modified before meltdown takes place, and therefore the blanket is not rendered useless when overheating takes place.
- This arrangement can also be used for temperature control purposes to achieve user select conform levels.
- the three conductor system also has disadvantages, including that the addition of the third conductor and the NTC material tends to make the element, and hence the blanket, thicker and less flexible, and of course the blanket tends to be more expensive.
- the three conductor type has to function in meltdown mode if the third conductor control system fails.
- each device has a different length of heating element, so that the NTC values being fed back to the control unit are different for different devices and therefore calibration of each device is again required.
- PTC positive temperature co-efficient
- the present invention is concerned with the provision of an electric blanket which is of the two conductor type (only one of which need by a heating means), as opposed to the three conductor type, but wherein the detection of an overheating condition does not result in the destruction of the heating element and hence the blanket, whereby the blanket can be re-used.
- an elongated heating element for an electric blanket comprising a first conductor means to provide heat for the blanket and extending lengthwise of the element, a second conductor means extending lengthwise of the element, and a meltdown layer between the first and second conductor means which is selected, designed constructed or otherwise formed so as to display a NTC, and including electronic control means set to detect a change in the resistance of the meltdown layer to provide a means of changing the power supply to the conductor means providing heat to the blanket to prevent destruction of the meltdown layer.
- the second conductor means is also a heat providing conductor means, and both conductor means may comprise heating wires.
- the second conductor means may be a detection or sensing conductor which serves to provide a current path in the event that the temperature of the blanket deviates from a pre-set value.
- the sensing conductor may have a positive resistance characteristic (PTC), so that when it heats up its resistance increases and this is used by the electronic control to control the power to the heating conductor means.
- PTC positive resistance characteristic
- the sensing conductor may also provide a current path, which is also through the NTC layer, in the event of that layer showing a condition of too high a temperature, requiring the power to the heating conductor means to be switched off.
- the meltdown layer has a NTC and a meltdown characteristic low enough (typically 120-130° C.) so as to enable the blanket to pass the relevant safety tests required by current regulations, such as IEC regulations.
- current doped PVC's do not have a low enough melting point, but modified PVC's which are softer are suitable.
- a soft PVC which is doped with 20% by weight of Stantonin Antimony, is suitable.
- the meltdown layer may be arranged to have a small NTC and the electronics may be arranged to detect extremely small resistance changes in the meltdown layer, before meltdown actually occurs.
- the meltdown layer of a low temperature meltdown characteristic, also serves as the NTC layer and therefore no third conductor is required, and in fact a small meltdown layer can be used, leading to the use of thinner, less obtrusive electric components.
- the invention has particular advantage in the so-called over blankets which are used for outer heating devices for men and animals.
- meltdown capability and the NTC may result from the use or design of a single material, or alternatively, the respective qualities may be obtained by using a meltdown plastic, such as polythene or cross linked polyethylene and coating of mixing it with a dope or the like to achieve the required NTC performance.
- a meltdown plastic such as polythene or cross linked polyethylene
- the NTC should be of a small value, appropriate, high performance electronic should be adopted for detecting the small changes in the meltdown layer before meltdown takes place, thus preventing the element and the blanket from destruction in the event or overheat.
- FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a heating element according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a side view of a heating element according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the heating element as shown in FIG. 2 .
- the circuit shown comprises input terminals 10 , 12 to which is applied alternating mains voltage.
- the mains voltage is applied after rectification to the heating element 14 of the blanket (not shown).
- the power is applied through the circuit comprising switch 16 , fuse 18 , the inner conductor 20 , the diode 22 , which allows only the passage of the positive half cycles of the AC supply, and which is mounted on the blanket, the outer element 24 diode 26 , silicone controlled rectifier 28 which controls the power supply as will be described, fuse 30 , and the switch 32 , which is ganged to switch 16 to operate therewith.
- Reference numeral 34 indicates a meltdown layer which also has a small NTC.
- meltdown and conductor contact occurs at the other end (the feed end) of the element, then quite simply the element is more or less short circuited, and fuse 18 fails terminating power supply to the element, but again at the expense of destroying the blanket.
- the rectifier 28 controls the power supply so that in the normal mode of operation, meltdown does not occur when there is overheating.
- the control circuit in question is indicated by the wiring 50 , 52 , 54 , 56 .
- the power to drive this circuit is derived from the mains so as to generate in this example, 8.2 v DC, using the simple circuit of diode 58 , resistance 60 , Zener diode 62 , diode 64 , and capacitor 66 .
- the control circuit includes a 4093B Quad Nand Gate 68 which with its associated components ( 68 A, 68 B) forms a variable mark/space ratio pulse generator whose “on” and “off” times are synchronised via resistors 70 , 72 and 74 , 76 to the zero point crossing of the mains waveform.
- Power level six see diagram, gives an “on” time of 95% of the cycle and power level one gives an “on” time of 5% of the cycle.
- the total cycle time may be in the order of 5 secs.
- Such a circuit requires no bulky and expensive radio frequency interference suppression components, and constitutes in its own right an independent aspect of the present invention.
- the voltage at the junction of the diodes 40 , 42 (point “A”) is always positive with respect to the ground line 78 (at zero volts) and diode 80 blocks the positive voltage from the control circuit.
- the NTC of the layer 24 whose resistance will change by decreasing slightly, which has the effect of allowing a small leakage current to flow between the conductors 20 , 24 , which by passes the half wave rectifying diode 22 on the negative half cycles, and a negative half wave current flows.
- the negative half wave current is averaged to a negative DC current and a safe voltage, in this case 8.2 volts, by means of current limiting resistor 82 , the capacitor 84 and the Zener diode 86 .
- FIGS. 2 and 3 show an alternative and more functional embodiment of the invention, and referring to these figures, the heating element shown in FIG. 2 is in the form of a flexible cable and comprises from the centre outwards, a fibre core 10 X, a heating element conductor wire 12 X which is would helically around the fibre core 10 X, a low temperature (120-130° C.) meltdown NTC layer 14 X, a PTC conductive sensor wire 16 X and an outer layer 18 X in the form of a sheath of PVC or the like.
- the conductor wire 12 X is of standard electric blanket type heating wire, and the core is of a type well known to those in the field of flexible heating element manufacture.
- the layer 14 X is preferably an extrusion, and exhibits a small NTC pure nickel.
- the outer layer 18 X is preferably also an extrusion, and is waterproof.
- the PTC sensor wire 16 is chosen to have a thickness and is applied in predetermined turns per inch such that for each size of appliance, (with a pre-determined element length), the sensor resistance is always the same value. This means that a common control unit requiring no calibration can be used for each szie of appliance, which is advantageous for manufacturers.
- FIG. 3 which shows a circuit of the heating element shown in FIG. 3, the element components of FIG. 2 being indicated at 20 X.
- the single heating wire 12 X is connected in series with two thyristors 22 X and 24 X across the AC power supply of 240 volts, indicated by live and neutral lines L and N, the N line being connected to earth as shown at 26 X.
- the thyristors 22 X and 24 X prevent the negative half cycles of the power from passing through the wire 12 X.
- the neutral line N contains a thermal fuse 28 X.
- the thyristor 2 X is connected via its gate to an NTC control unit 30 , that unit being in a series circuit across the live and neutral lines L and N, comprising the unit 30 , resistor 32 X, diode 34 X, resistor 36 X, and diode 38 X.
- the thyristor 24 X has its gate connected to a PTC unit 40 X and that unit 40 X is connected in the series circuit between the live and neutral lines L and N, comprising the unit 40 X, resistor 42 X, diode 44 X, diode pair 46 X, 48 X connected in parallel for security, and parallel resistor pair 50 X, 52 X.
- the PTC unit is connected to a temperature control meter 54 X, whereby a user can set a mean temperature at which the element will run.
- the PTC sensor wire 16 X is connected between the lines L and N by being in the series circuit comprising the diode 56 X, the sensor wire 16 X, the resistor 36 X, and the diode 38 X.
- a protective diode 60 X is connected in parallel across the sensor wire 16 X.
- control systems there are three control systems in the circuit shown, comprising a continuous overheat protection system preventing destruction on overheating (similar to that described in relation to FIG. 1 ), a precision temperature control system, again similar to FIG. 1, which allows the user to fine tune the temperature at which the element runs, and a meltdown system wherein the power is cut off when the meltdown layer 14 X fails.
- a continuous overheat protection system preventing destruction on overheating similar to that described in relation to FIG. 1
- a precision temperature control system again similar to FIG. 1, which allows the user to fine tune the temperature at which the element runs
- a meltdown system wherein the power is cut off when the meltdown layer 14 X fails.
- the advantage of this invention this embodiment is that the sensor wire 12 X plays a part in all of these controls.
- the continuous non destructive over heat protection system is controlled by the NTC unit 30 X.
- the precision temperature control which allows the user of the appliance to finely control temperature is governed by the PTC control unit 40 X. These controls are arranged to operate independently.
- the control logic 40 X and indeed the NTC logic, are only allowed to switch on and off at a zero crossing point of the mains voltage. This is to ensure RFI (radio frequency interference) free operation. In this way, the temperature of the blanket can be accurately controlled. If this temperature control system fails or a localised hot spot on the blanket which is not detectable by the PTC system occurs, then the NTC system which is fixed on a higher temperature than is normally encountered by the appliance, comes into operation.
- the NTC control system works in a parallel manner. That is to say, any localised hot spot at any point along the element can be detected.
- the heating element 12 X and the PTC sensor 16 X are separated along the entire length of the element by the NTC layer 14 X.
- the resistance of this layer 14 X goes down with temperature increase. When this occurs the following takes place:
- Negative half cycles from neutral N pass through the thermal fuse 28 X, resistors 50 X and 52 X, which are in thermal contact with the thermal fuse 28 X, through the diodes 46 X, 48 X, the PCT sensor wire 16 X, across the fault path through the NTC layer 14 X, through the heating element wire 12 X and back to live.
- Diode 56 X blocks negative half cycles from what would be a short circuit.
- Diode 38 X prevents the heater resistors 50 X, 52 X from being short circuited by the sensor resistor 36 X. Even a small amount of negative half cycle leakage will cause a negative half cycle voltage to appear at (A).
- a thermal melt down system is still utilised. This uses the low melt down characteristics of the NTC layer 14 X. This is a standard melt down system and works in that if both the PTC and NTC systems fail, then any hot spot on the flexible heating appliance will eventually cause the NTC layer 14 X to melt (120° to 130° C. approximately) when the following occurs
- Negative half cycles flow from neutral through the thermal fuse 28 X through the heater resistors 50 X, 52 X, through the diodes 46 X and 48 X, through the sensor wire 16 X, either directly or thought the diode 60 X, through the melt down area to the heat element 12 X, and to the live terminal L.
- This current causes the heater resistors 50 X and 52 X to heat up rapidly.
- This resistors are in thermal contact with the thermal fuse 28 X which will rupture at a pre-set temperature, say 102° C., thus cutting off the power from the appliance.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 has triple overheat protection. There is no other system which offers such sophistication in such simple configuration.
- the PTC and NTC comparator and logic control blocks can take many forms. Electronically, many different systems can be used.
- the PTC wire and thickness and turns per unit distance along the heating conductor are chosen so that for each size of element, having a predetermined length, the sensor wire resistance is always the same value, so that a common control unit requiring no calibration can be used for each size of heating element, improving manufacturing procedure.
- any suitable material may be used for the meltdown/NTC layer, but we are proposing at this stage to use doped PVC, which comprises an extrudate of the PVC into which has been mixed 25% of Stannotin Antimony to provide the NTC characteristic, but of course any other suitable material can be adopted.
Landscapes
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9725836 | 1997-12-05 | ||
GBGB9725836.2A GB9725836D0 (en) | 1997-12-05 | 1997-12-05 | Improvements relating to heating blankets and the like |
PCT/GB1998/003597 WO1999030535A1 (fr) | 1997-12-05 | 1998-12-02 | Ameliorations concernant des couvertures chauffantes et analogues |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6310332B1 true US6310332B1 (en) | 2001-10-30 |
Family
ID=10823218
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/581,025 Expired - Lifetime US6310332B1 (en) | 1997-12-05 | 1998-12-02 | Heating blankets and the like |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6310332B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1036486B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2001526456A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR100586120B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1133355C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE220847T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU740320B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2312753C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69806636C5 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2181303T3 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB9725836D0 (fr) |
NZ (1) | NZ504964A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999030535A1 (fr) |
Cited By (46)
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US6598604B1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2003-07-29 | Fisher & Paykel Limited | Fault protection system for a respiratory conduit heater element |
US20030183620A1 (en) * | 2002-02-26 | 2003-10-02 | Wong Chon Meng | Flexible heating elements with patterned heating zones for heating of contoured objects powered by dual AC and DC voltage sources without transformer |
US6689989B2 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2004-02-10 | Harold W. Irwin, Sr. | Heater for electric blanket |
WO2004025992A1 (fr) * | 2002-09-10 | 2004-03-25 | Sunbeam Products, Inc. | Couverture chauffante a circuit de securite telecommande |
US6713724B1 (en) | 2002-10-11 | 2004-03-30 | Perfect Fit Industries, Inc. | Heating element arrangement for an electric blanket or the like |
US6713733B2 (en) | 1999-05-11 | 2004-03-30 | Thermosoft International Corporation | Textile heater with continuous temperature sensing and hot spot detection |
US20040070904A1 (en) * | 2002-10-11 | 2004-04-15 | Carr Sheldon P. | Over-voltage protection arrangement for a low voltage power supply |
WO2004034168A1 (fr) * | 2002-10-11 | 2004-04-22 | Site Electronics, Inc. | Detection de charge et commande de surchauffe pour dispositif de chauffage a resistance |
US6737610B1 (en) * | 2003-01-08 | 2004-05-18 | Dekko Technologies, Inc. | Stranded heater wire with sensor |
US20040094534A1 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2004-05-20 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ltd. | Covered conductor and heater formed therewith |
US6753514B2 (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2004-06-22 | Atex Co., Ltd. | Sheet member with heater wire, electric potential mat, and method for fabricating sheet member with heater wire |
US6768086B2 (en) | 2002-07-08 | 2004-07-27 | Sunbeam Products, Inc. | Temperature sensor for a warming blanket |
US20050004854A1 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2005-01-06 | Jones Emerson P. | Method and system for analyzing a capital structure for a company |
WO2005009080A1 (fr) * | 2003-07-15 | 2005-01-27 | Thermocable (Flexible Elements) Limited | Couverture chauffante |
US20050050737A1 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2005-03-10 | Fung Kam Fai | Hair coloring device |
US6871519B2 (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2005-03-29 | C.R.F. Societa Consortile Per Azioni | Lock for doors |
US20050067404A1 (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2005-03-31 | Deangelis Alfred R. | Regulated flexible heater |
US20050067402A1 (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2005-03-31 | Green Karen M. | Electrical connection of flexible conductive strands in a flexible body |
US6888108B2 (en) | 2002-10-11 | 2005-05-03 | Perfect Fit Industries, Inc. | Low voltage power supply system for an electric blanket or the like |
US6958463B1 (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2005-10-25 | Thermosoft International Corporation | Heater with simultaneous hot spot and mechanical intrusion protection |
US20050263518A1 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2005-12-01 | Weiss John W | Heater wire and control therefor |
US7034251B1 (en) | 2005-05-18 | 2006-04-25 | Milliken & Company | Warming blanket |
US7038170B1 (en) | 2005-01-12 | 2006-05-02 | Milliken & Company | Channeled warming blanket |
US20060151475A1 (en) * | 2005-01-12 | 2006-07-13 | Horvath Joshua D | Channeled under floor heating element |
US20060151456A1 (en) * | 2005-01-12 | 2006-07-13 | Child Andrew D | Channeled warming mattress and mattress pad |
WO2006072765A1 (fr) * | 2005-01-08 | 2006-07-13 | Thermocable (Flexible Elements) Limited | Controleur pour un cable de chauffage |
US20060150331A1 (en) * | 2005-01-12 | 2006-07-13 | Child Andrew D | Channeled warming blanket |
US20060196868A1 (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2006-09-07 | Shuh-Tsai Yang | Heating structure and its temperature control method |
US20060261055A1 (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-23 | Child Andrew D | Warming mattress and mattress pad |
US7193191B2 (en) | 2005-05-18 | 2007-03-20 | Milliken & Company | Under floor heating element |
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US20080029502A1 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-02-07 | You Han S | Electromagnetic-field-shielded heating wire used in bedding and apparatus for driving the same |
US20080203080A1 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2008-08-28 | Fung Simon S | Patient Warming Blanket |
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US10065278B2 (en) | 2013-01-22 | 2018-09-04 | Western Industries Incorporated | Spill resistant warming drawer |
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FR1193593A (fr) | 1957-03-28 | 1959-11-03 | Thomson Houston Comp Francaise | Perfectionnements aux couvertures chauffantes électriques |
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KR900007569B1 (ko) * | 1985-10-25 | 1990-10-15 | 마쯔시다덴기산교 가부시기가이샤 | 가요성 감열전선 |
-
1997
- 1997-12-05 GB GBGB9725836.2A patent/GB9725836D0/en not_active Ceased
-
1998
- 1998-12-02 US US09/581,025 patent/US6310332B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-02 KR KR1020007006112A patent/KR100586120B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-02 AU AU13444/99A patent/AU740320B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-12-02 CA CA002312753A patent/CA2312753C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-02 CN CN98812968XA patent/CN1133355C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-02 DE DE69806636.7T patent/DE69806636C5/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-02 JP JP2000524959A patent/JP2001526456A/ja active Pending
- 1998-12-02 EP EP98957014A patent/EP1036486B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-02 WO PCT/GB1998/003597 patent/WO1999030535A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1998-12-02 ES ES98957014T patent/ES2181303T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-02 NZ NZ504964A patent/NZ504964A/xx unknown
- 1998-12-02 AT AT98957014T patent/ATE220847T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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US20050115956A1 (en) * | 2002-02-26 | 2005-06-02 | Wong Chon M. | Flexible heating elements with patterned heating zones for heating of contoured objects powered by dual AC and DC voltage sources without transformer |
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US7138612B2 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2006-11-21 | Milliken & Company | Electrical connection of flexible conductive strands in a flexible body |
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US20060151476A1 (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2006-07-13 | Green Karen M | Electrical connection of flexible conductive strands in a flexible body |
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US20050247700A1 (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2005-11-10 | Eric Kochman | Heater with simultaneous hot spot and mechanical intrusion protection |
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US8173938B2 (en) | 2005-01-08 | 2012-05-08 | Thermocable (Flexible Elements) Limited | Controller for a heating cable |
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US20060150331A1 (en) * | 2005-01-12 | 2006-07-13 | Child Andrew D | Channeled warming blanket |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20010032795A (ko) | 2001-04-25 |
ATE220847T1 (de) | 2002-08-15 |
CA2312753A1 (fr) | 1999-06-17 |
EP1036486B1 (fr) | 2002-07-17 |
JP2001526456A (ja) | 2001-12-18 |
CN1133355C (zh) | 2003-12-31 |
DE69806636T2 (de) | 2003-04-03 |
WO1999030535A1 (fr) | 1999-06-17 |
NZ504964A (en) | 2002-08-28 |
DE69806636C5 (de) | 2019-05-23 |
KR100586120B1 (ko) | 2006-06-02 |
GB9725836D0 (en) | 1998-02-04 |
CN1286012A (zh) | 2001-02-28 |
EP1036486A1 (fr) | 2000-09-20 |
DE69806636D1 (de) | 2002-08-22 |
CA2312753C (fr) | 2007-02-06 |
AU1344499A (en) | 1999-06-28 |
ES2181303T3 (es) | 2003-02-16 |
AU740320B2 (en) | 2001-11-01 |
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