US6239504B1 - Turbine guide and a method for regulating a load cycle process of a turbine - Google Patents

Turbine guide and a method for regulating a load cycle process of a turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
US6239504B1
US6239504B1 US09/307,997 US30799799A US6239504B1 US 6239504 B1 US6239504 B1 US 6239504B1 US 30799799 A US30799799 A US 30799799A US 6239504 B1 US6239504 B1 US 6239504B1
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Prior art keywords
turbine
load cycle
cycle process
turbine guide
unit
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US09/307,997
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English (en)
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Edwin Gobrecht
Rolf Langbein
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Assigned to SEIMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SEIMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LANGBEIN, ROLF, GOBRECHT, EDWIN
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
    • F01D19/02—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith dependent on temperature of component parts, e.g. of turbine-casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/12—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to temperature

Definitions

  • the invention pertains to a turbine guide and a method for regulating a load cycle process of a turbine, particularly a steam turbine, whereby a maximum permissible material stress due to the load cycle process is taken into account.
  • a corresponding signal is transmitted on to a turbine speed regulating unit or a power regulating unit, depending on whether the turbine is in an acceleration phase in which the rotation speed of the shaft is being increased, or whether the turbine is in a power coupling phase in which the turbine is connected on to the generator and brought up to the desired power capacity.
  • the method as well as the corresponding computer system serve the purpose of achieving the shortest possible start-up time, taking into consideration the permissible material stresses for a certain starting frequency.
  • a maximum permissible temperature difference (T m , T 1 ) is pre-given as a function of the average temperature T m .
  • the actual temperature difference in each case is determined by the turbine guide calculator and from that the free amount for maximum permissible temperature difference is calculated.
  • a preview of the expected course of the free amount is also carried out. From both of these values a guiding value is formed with the help of which the start-up and stress speed can be changed in advance by the rated value guide for the speed and capacity, and thus an adaptation to the dynamic plant behavior can be achieved.
  • the start-up mode “normal” corresponds exactly to a start-up mode by which 4000 load cycles of the turbine are possible in a safe manner.
  • the start-up mode “fast” leads to a higher stress corresponding to about 800 possible load cycles and the start-up mode “slow” leads to a lower material fatigue, so that in this case about 10000 load cycles are possible safely.
  • a turbine guide for regulating a load cycle process of a turbine including: a limiting unit receiving a variable for a variable presetting of a time duration T v of a load cycle process of a turbine, the limiting unit determining a turbine guide variable for carrying out the load cycle process in the time duration T v in consideration of a maximum permissible material stress of the turbine.
  • the advantage of a turbine guide as per the invention is the indirect or direct pre-giving of the desired time for start-up and starting and the power variation of the turbo set under consideration of physical limiting values.
  • an input unit/selection unit can be foreseen.
  • this variable can already be the time duration itself.
  • a flexible pre-settable time duration is determined individually for each load cycle process.
  • the time duration can be freely selected, i.e. it can accept any physically meaningful values. It can be set in a stageless manner for each physical and operationally meaningful value.
  • a turbine guide variable is determined in the limiting unit by pre-giving the time duration; this variable is determined as a function of the time in the time duration between leaving the initial condition and reaching the target condition.
  • the turbine guide variable is also dependent on the initial temperature at the point of time of the initial condition and the final temperature at the point of time of the target condition, the geometry of the components, the material used, the steam condition and the temperature level.
  • the turbine guide variable in the case of a start-up, a fixing of the step-up criteria for stepping up the speed from the warming up rotation to the nominal rotation speed takes place, as well as the subsequent synchronization of the minimum power consumption.
  • the turbine parameters like turbine rotation speed, steam pressure, temperature and power capacity are varied over the turbine guide variable with the help of a rated value function (regulated, controlled).
  • the turbine guide preferably has an exhaustion unit, in which the determination of the material exhaustion of the load cycle process to be carried out according to the turbine guide variable takes place.
  • the exhaustion unit can calculate the additional material exhaustion beforehand, so that on the basis of this material exhaustion and the still desired operation duration of the turbine, it can be decided either manually or automatically whether the load cycle process should actually be carried out in the desired duration.
  • the expected material fatigue is depicted preferably with the help of an output medium, e.g. a monitor, a printer etc.
  • the exhaustion unit also serves the purpose of determining the material exhaustion if the load cycle process has been actually carried out in the desired time duration.
  • the values of the additional material exhaustion can similarly be stored with the help of a suitable output medium as well as in a storage medium, especially a storage medium of a computer system.
  • a suitable output medium as well as in a storage medium, especially a storage medium of a computer system.
  • information is available about the exhaustion of the material, and hence about the remaining operation duration.
  • future load cycle processes can also be carried out with an appropriately flexible preselectable time duration, whereby for already high material exhaustion a material-protecting operation of the load cycle (longer time duration) or in case of sufficiently large reserve (low material exhaustion) a faster load cycle operation (short time duration) is possible.
  • the turbine guide has a regulating unit and/or a control unit, which can be connected to a controlling element of the turbine for regulating and/or controlling a load cycle process.
  • the control member is preferably a valve through which the inflow of hot steam can be regulated.
  • the turbine guide has a stress unit, to which system values like pressure values and temperature values can be fed.
  • the stress unit is connected with the exhaustion unit and/or the limiting unit.
  • the system values processed or forwarded in the stress unit are fed to the limiting unit, so that one can carry out a comparison between the rated value and the actual value of the turbine guide variable, and in case of a corresponding fluctuation, a regulating intervention can be carried out, i.e.
  • the turbine guide variable preferably represents a measure for the material fatigue.
  • the material fatigue is kept by and large constant during the load cycle process.
  • the temperature guide variable could be the temperature difference between an average component temperature and a surface component temperature, especially the turbine shaft or the turbine housing, as described in the above-mentioned article “Turbine Guide Calculator For Thermal Monitoring Of Steam Turbines”.
  • system values at different points of the turbine as well as the different components are determined.
  • the percentages of fatigue occurring can be determined separately in the exhaustion unit, and from that a total exhaustion of the turbine or individual components can be determined and stored.
  • the turbine guide can be in the form of a total unit or individual units as computer programs, as an electronic component or as a circuit on a microprocessor.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic, block diagram of a steam turbine with a turbine guide according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph of a temperature on a turbine shaft during a time duration of a load cycle process.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a steam turbine 7 with a generator 13 connected to it and with a turbine guide 1 .
  • a signal or a variable 20 for the desired time duration of a load cycle process (e.g. over an input unit), as indicated by the arrow 20 .
  • the signal corresponding to a time duration t v is guided to a limiting unit 3 .
  • a determination of a respective turbine guide variable VAR takes place depending on the time duration t v , so that a regulation of a load cycle from an initial condition A into a target condition Z can be conducted.
  • the turbine guide variables VAR are formed for the various components to be monitored, like valve housing, turbine housing and turbine shaft and represent temperature differences of temperature T 0 between the respective surface and an integral average temperature T m of the respective component.
  • Each turbine guide variable VAR represents a temperature difference between both the temperatures T 0 ⁇ T m resulting in a measure for a thermo-stress or a thermal expansion and hence for a cycle stress fatigue.
  • the turbine guide variables VAR are determined by the time duration t v in such a way that during the entire time duration T v there occurs a constant fatigue and hence a constant increase of the exhaustion.
  • FIG. 2 shows a graph for a start-up process, in which the average temperature T m is less than the surface temperature T 0 .
  • the average temperature T m is greater than the surface temperature T 0 .
  • the limiting unit 3 is connected to the exhaustion unit 4 , so that the prior determined values of the turbine guide variables VAR can be fed to the latter.
  • an advance calculation takes place of the fatigue caused by the load cycle process.
  • the additional fatigue is also reflected on an output medium 11 , which is connected to the exhaustion unit 4 .
  • the output medium 11 could for example be a monitor that could be placed in a non-illustrated observatory tower of the power plant having the turbine 7 .
  • the difference in value between the turbine guide variable VAR and a measured temperature difference (T 0 ⁇ T m ) of the component is fed to a rated value guiding functional unit 2 .
  • the permissible rotation speed variation and power capacity variation is determined in the rated value guiding functional unit 2 .
  • From there comes a signal for varying the turbine rotation speed and the power capacity which is passed on to a regulating unit 5 , by which a regulating member 6 of the turbine 7 is activated, especially a steam valve.
  • the flow of steam into the turbine 7 is set, by which indirectly also regulation of the surface temperature T 0 and the average temperature T m takes place, especially of the turbine shaft.
  • the system values of the turbine 7 are determined with the help of measuring elements which are not shown, e.g. thermo-elements, and are taken up in a temperature measuring unit 9 .
  • the temperature measuring unit 9 is connected to a stress unit 8 and transmits determined system values to it.
  • an evaluation of the system values takes place, particularly a calculation of the surface temperature T 0 and the average temperature T m of the turbine shaft.
  • These values are transmitted to the limiting unit 3 and/or to the exhaustion unit 4 .
  • a comparison is done between the previously determined rated value particularly in the limiting unit 3 , and the actual value of the turbine guide variable VAR determined in the stress unit 8 .
  • the invention is characterized by the turbine guide that 25 works in a time-oriented manner, especially start-up time-oriented manner, whereby the time duration of a load cycle process can be regulated in a stageless manner within the framework of a maximum permissible material stress.
  • load cycle processes can be time-wise adapted particularly advantageously to the supply specifications.
  • the turbine guide additionally enables a foreseeable and at any point of time updated life duration monitoring. The already occurred fatigue of the monitored turbine components is continuously determined.
US09/307,997 1996-11-07 1999-05-10 Turbine guide and a method for regulating a load cycle process of a turbine Expired - Lifetime US6239504B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE97/02607 1996-11-07
DE19646182 1996-11-08
PCT/DE1997/002607 WO1998021451A1 (de) 1996-11-08 1997-11-07 Turbinenleiteinrichtung sowie verfahren zur regelung eines lastwechselvorgangs einer turbine

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1997/002607 Continuation WO1998021451A1 (de) 1996-11-07 1997-11-07 Turbinenleiteinrichtung sowie verfahren zur regelung eines lastwechselvorgangs einer turbine

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US6239504B1 true US6239504B1 (en) 2001-05-29

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Country Status (8)

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US (1) US6239504B1 (de)
EP (1) EP0937194B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4127856B2 (de)
KR (1) KR20000053135A (de)
CN (1) CN1084824C (de)
DE (1) DE59706404D1 (de)
RU (1) RU2193671C2 (de)
WO (1) WO1998021451A1 (de)

Cited By (9)

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US20030127862A1 (en) * 2000-03-09 2003-07-10 Roland Weitkamp Control system for a wind power plant
US20030230088A1 (en) * 2002-05-22 2003-12-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for operating a steam power plant, in particular in the part-load range
US20050193739A1 (en) * 2004-03-02 2005-09-08 General Electric Company Model-based control systems and methods for gas turbine engines
US20060233637A1 (en) * 2005-03-16 2006-10-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Turbine starting controller and turbine starting control method
US20080107518A1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2008-05-08 Andreas Bode Method for Determining a Parameter Characteristic of the Fatigue State of a Part
US20090217665A1 (en) * 2008-02-29 2009-09-03 Daniel Francis Holzhauer Systems and methods for channeling steam into turbines
US20100018316A1 (en) * 2008-07-24 2010-01-28 United Technologies Corporation NSMS flight laser detector cooling system
US20100018321A1 (en) * 2008-07-24 2010-01-28 United Technologies Corporation NSMS flight laser detector system
US9745868B2 (en) 2012-05-31 2017-08-29 Man Diesel & Turbo Se Method for operating a solar installation

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US6865935B2 (en) * 2002-12-30 2005-03-15 General Electric Company System and method for steam turbine backpressure control using dynamic pressure sensors
EP1674667A1 (de) * 2004-12-21 2006-06-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufwärmen einer Dampfturbine
EP1937943B1 (de) 2005-10-17 2018-10-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bestimmung des lebensdauerverbrauchs einzelner bauteile einer fossil befeuerten energieerzeugungsanlage, insbesondere einer gud-anlage
JP5457805B2 (ja) * 2009-11-26 2014-04-02 株式会社東芝 発電計画支援装置および方法
US20120283963A1 (en) * 2011-05-05 2012-11-08 Mitchell David J Method for predicting a remaining useful life of an engine and components thereof
JP6004484B2 (ja) * 2013-03-29 2016-10-12 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 蒸気タービン発電プラント
CN103452605A (zh) * 2013-09-02 2013-12-18 哈尔滨热电有限责任公司 基于dcs系统的背压保护控制方法
CN103485838A (zh) * 2013-09-03 2014-01-01 哈尔滨热电有限责任公司 300mw高背压机组供热抽汽量改变时保护安全裕度及背压保护控制方法
CN103485835A (zh) * 2013-10-30 2014-01-01 哈尔滨热电有限责任公司 300mw高背压机组系统的背压保护控制方法
FR3015672B1 (fr) * 2013-12-23 2016-02-05 Ge Energy Products France Snc Systeme et procede de test d'une machine tournante
EP3159665A1 (de) * 2015-10-19 2017-04-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Temperaturmesseinrichtung und verfahren zum betrieb einer strömungsmaschine

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030127862A1 (en) * 2000-03-09 2003-07-10 Roland Weitkamp Control system for a wind power plant
US6850821B2 (en) * 2000-03-09 2005-02-01 General Electric Company Control system for a wind power plant
US20030230088A1 (en) * 2002-05-22 2003-12-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for operating a steam power plant, in particular in the part-load range
US6915635B2 (en) * 2002-05-22 2005-07-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for operating a steam power plant, in particular in the part-load range
US20050193739A1 (en) * 2004-03-02 2005-09-08 General Electric Company Model-based control systems and methods for gas turbine engines
US20080107518A1 (en) * 2004-10-29 2008-05-08 Andreas Bode Method for Determining a Parameter Characteristic of the Fatigue State of a Part
US7712376B2 (en) * 2004-10-29 2010-05-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft-Muenchen Method for determining a parameter characteristic of the fatigue state of a part
US20060233637A1 (en) * 2005-03-16 2006-10-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Turbine starting controller and turbine starting control method
US7980053B2 (en) 2005-03-16 2011-07-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Turbine starting controller and turbine starting control method
US20090217665A1 (en) * 2008-02-29 2009-09-03 Daniel Francis Holzhauer Systems and methods for channeling steam into turbines
US7937928B2 (en) * 2008-02-29 2011-05-10 General Electric Company Systems and methods for channeling steam into turbines
US20100018316A1 (en) * 2008-07-24 2010-01-28 United Technologies Corporation NSMS flight laser detector cooling system
US20100018321A1 (en) * 2008-07-24 2010-01-28 United Technologies Corporation NSMS flight laser detector system
US7984656B2 (en) 2008-07-24 2011-07-26 United Technologies Corporation NSMS flight laser detector system
US9745868B2 (en) 2012-05-31 2017-08-29 Man Diesel & Turbo Se Method for operating a solar installation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0937194B1 (de) 2002-02-13
CN1234848A (zh) 1999-11-10
RU2193671C2 (ru) 2002-11-27
JP2001504566A (ja) 2001-04-03
DE59706404D1 (de) 2002-03-21
CN1084824C (zh) 2002-05-15
WO1998021451A1 (de) 1998-05-22
EP0937194A1 (de) 1999-08-25
KR20000053135A (ko) 2000-08-25
JP4127856B2 (ja) 2008-07-30

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