Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B7/00—Indigoid dyes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
  • C09B67/0033—Blends of pigments; Mixtured crystals; Solid solutions

Definitions

• the present invention relates to oxindigo derivatives of the general formulae 1 and 2 ##STR1## in which
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are hydrogen and one to four of these radicals is or are a radical chosen from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted carbocyclic aromatic radical, an unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic aromatic radical, halogen, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 18 alkyl, --OR 12 , --CN, --NR 10 R 11 , --COR 9 , --NR 13 COR 9 , --NR 12 COOR 9 , --NR 12 CONR 10 R 11 , --NHSO 2 R 9 , --SO 2 R 9 , --SOR 9 , --SO 2 OR 9 , --CONR 10 R 11 , --SO 2 NR 10 R 11 , --N ⁇ NR 14 , --OCOR 9 and --OCONHR 9 , wherein two corresponding adjacent radicals can be combined to build up fused-on aromatic rings,
• R 9 is C 1 -C 18 alkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl or benzyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, or a five- to seven-membered heterocyclic radical,
• R 10 and R 11 independently of one another are hydrogen, C 1 -C 18 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by cyano or hydroxy groups, C 3 - to C 24 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl or 5- to 7-membered heteroaryl, or in which R 10 and R 11 , together with in each case one of the other radicals R 2 to R 4 , form a 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring,
• R 12 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 18 alkyl, C 3 - to C 24 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl or 5- to 7-membered heteroaryl,
• R 13 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 18 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by cyano, hydroxy or C 1 -C 4 alkyoxycarbonyl groups, C 3 - to C 24 cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkylaryl, C 6 -C 10 aryl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl- or C 1 -C 4 alkoxy groups, or a 5 to-7-membered heterocyclic radical, and
• R 14 is the radical of a coupling component or is
• R 5 and R 6 are not simultaneously chlorine, or
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are not simultaneously methyl, or
• R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are not simultaneously methyl
• the invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of the compounds according to the invention, their use as colorants and intermediates.
• ##STR2## (cf. for example Ber.Dtsch.Chem.Ges. 44 (1911) 124-128), as a chromophoric system, has not acquired any industrial importance at all as a colorant, in contrast to its nitrogen analog indigo or the sulfur analog thioindigo.
• the reason for this is, inter alia, that oxindigo absorbs at a very short wavelength (413 nm in cyclohexane, cf. J.Chem.Soc. D 1969, 133-134), has a relatively low extinction coefficient (13800, ibid.), is not fluorescent, has a relatively low stability and, furthermore, is also difficult to prepare.
• Methyl- and methoxy-substituted compounds which can be non-brominated or brominated, dichlorinated compounds, dibenzo-substituted compounds and derivatives with a C(O)O(CH 2 ) 2 )OMe radical and two --C 18 H 37 -- radicals are known from Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 405 (1914) 365, 372; Justus Liebigs Ann.Chem. 442 (1925) 263, 278, 284-300; J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 73 (1951) 4294, 4297; Chem.Ber. 54 (1921) 2933; Org.Mass.Spectrom. 24(6) (1989) 429-430; JP-A 61180237; JP-A 61179791 and JP-A 07150136 (Toyo Ink).
• J.Phys.Chem. 77 (1973) 831-837 describes the effect of fluorescence quenching when donor groups are introduced into positions 6 and 6' in thioindigo by substitution. On the basis of similar properties between oxygen and sulfur no, or no good, fluorescence properties were therefore to be expected from the homologous oxindigo compounds.
• the object of the present invention was therefore to provide oxindigo derivatives which do not have the abovementioned disadvantages.
• colorants were to be provided for the visible region, preferably with fluorescent properties, particularly preferably with fluorescence of the solid.
• an improved process was to be provided which enables oxindigo and derivatives thereof to be prepared without isolation of any intermediates.
• oxindigo derivatives having improved extinction coefficients, higher quantum yields and better photochemical stabilities and colorants based on oxindigo derivatives for use as vat dyes, dye lasers and fluorescence markers were to be provided.
• a process has furthermore been found for their preparation and their use has been found for the preparation of vat dyes, dye lasers and fluorescence markers.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are hydrogen and one to four of these radicals are chosen from the group consisting of an unsubstituted or substituted carbocyclic aromatic radical, an unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic aromatic radical, halogen, unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 18 alkyl, --OR 12 , --CN, --NR 10 R 11 , --COR 9 , --NR 13 COR 9 , --NR 12 COOR 9 , --NR 12 CONR 10 R 11 , --NHSO 2 R 9 , --SO 2 R 9 , --SOR 9 , --SO 2 OR 9 , --CONR 10 R 11 , --SO 2 NR 10 R 11 , --N ⁇ NR 14 , --OCOR 9 and --OCONHR 9 , wherein two corresponding adjacent radicals can be combined to build up fused-on aromatic rings,
• R 9 is C 1 -C 18 alkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl or benzyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, or a five- to seven-membered heterocyclic radical,
• R 10 and R 11 independently of one another are hydrogen, C 1 -C 18 -alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by cyano or hydroxy groups, C 3 - to C 24 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl or 5- to 7-membered heteroaryl, or in which R 10 and R 11 , together with in each case one of the other radicals R 2 to R 4 , form a 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring,
• R 12 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 18 alkyl, C 3 - to C 24 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl or 5- to 7-membered heteroaryl,
• R 13 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 18 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by cyano, hydroxy or C 1 -C 4 alkoxycarbonyl groups, C 3 - to C 24 cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkylaryl, C 6 -C 10 aryl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 1 -C 4 alkoxy groups, or a 5 to-7-membered heterocyclic radical, and
• R 14 is the radical of a coupling component
• R 5 and R 6 are not simultaneously chlorine, or
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are not simultaneously methyl, or
• R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are not simultaneously methyl
• the unsubstituted or substituted carbocyclic aromatic radical chosen is preferably a mono- to tetracyclic, particularly preferably mono- or bicyclic radical having five to seven carbon atoms per ring, such as phenyl, diphenyl and naphthyl.
• the unsubstituted or substituted heterocycloc aromatic radical is preferably a mono- to tricyclic radical having preferably five to seven ring atoms.
• This radical can comprise only at least one hetercyclic ring, or the heterocyclic ring or rings can contain at least one fused-on benzene ring.
• Examples are pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, thiophenyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, coumarinyl, benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, dibenzfuranyl, benzothiophenyl, dibenzothiophenyl, indolyl, carbazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, indazolyl, benzothiazolyl, pyridazinyl, cinnolyl, quinazolyl, quinoxalyl, phthalazinyl, phthalazindionyl, phthalimidyl, chromonyl, naphtholactamyl, benzopyridonyl, ortho-sulfobenimidyl, maleinimid
• the abovementioned radicals are chosen as fused-on ringsystems.
• carbocyclic and/or heterocyclic aromatic radicals are mono- or polysubstituted by customary substituents, particularly preferably by substitutents which do not render them water-soluble: Examples are:
• halogen such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, preferably chlorine
• C 1 -C 18 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, tert-amyl, n-hexyl, 1,1,3,3,-tetramethylbutyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-octadecyl, 3-pentyl, 4-heptyl, 5-nonyl, 6-undecyl, 7-tridecyl, 3-hexyl, 3-heptyl, 3-nonyl and 3-undecyl, preferably C 1 -C 12 alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl
• alkyl groups mentioned it being possible for the alkyl groups mentioned to be substituted by the following groups, which as a rule do not increase the hydrophilicity, such as
• R 9 is C 1 -C 18 alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-amyl, n-hexyl, 1,1,3,3,-tetramethylbutyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-octadecyl, 3-pentyl, 4-heptyl, 5-nonyl, 6-undecyl, 7-tridecyl, 3-hexyl, 3-heptyl, 3-nonyl or 3-undecyl, preferably C 1 -C 12 alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-
• R 10 and R 11 are hydrogen, C 1 -C 18 alkyl as defined above, preferably C 1 -C 12 alkyl, particularly preferably C 1 -C 8 alkyl, especially preferably C 1 -C 4 alkyl as defined above, which is unsubstituted or substituted by the cyano or hydroxy groups, C 3 - to C 24 cycloalkyl, preferably
• mono- or dialkylated amino groups aryl radicals, such as naphthyl or, in particular, phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, alkyl or --O-alkyl, or furthermore heterocyclic aromatic radicals, such as 2-thienyl, 2-benzoxazolyl, 2-benzothiazolyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 6-benzimidazolonyl, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridinyl, 2-, 4- or 6-quinolyl or 1-, 3-, 4-, 6- or 8-isoquinolyl radicals, are used on the alkyl groups.
• aryl radicals such as naphthyl or, in particular, phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, alkyl or --O-alkyl, or furthermore heterocyclic aromatic radicals, such as 2-thienyl, 2-benzoxazolyl, 2-benzothiazolyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 6-benzimida
• this alkyl can be branched or unbranched and can preferably contain 1 to 18, in particular 1 to 12, especially 1 to 8, and particularly preferably 1 to 4 C atoms.
• unsubstituted alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, tert-amyl, n-hexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-octadecyl, 3-pentyl, 4-heptyl, 5-nonyl, 6-undecyl, 7-tridecyl, 3-hexyl, 3-heptyl, 3-non
• R 12 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 18 alkyl as defined for R 9 , including the preferred variants defined there, C 3 - to C 24 cycloalkyl, particularly preferably C 5 -, C 6 -, C 12 -, C 15 -, C 16 -, C 20 - and C 24 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, such as naphthyl and phenyl, preferably unsubstituted phenyl and phenyl which is substituted by halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, or 5- to 7-membered heteroaryl.
• R 12 examples of preferred radicals R 12 are: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, tert-amyl, n-hexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-octadecyl, 3-pentyl, 4-heptyl, 5-nonyl, 6-undecyl, 7-tridecyl, 3-hexyl, 3-heptyl, 3-nonyl, 3-undecyl, hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoroethyl, cyanomethyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl, acetoxymethyl, benzyl
• R 10 and R 11 are as defined above.
• preferred radicals are: amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, diethylamino, isopropylamino, 2-hydroxyethylamino, 2-hydroxypropylamino, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino, cyclopentylamino, cyclohexylamino, cyclododecylamino, cyclopentadecylamino, cyclohecadecylamino, cycloeicosanylamino, cyclotetracosanylamino, phenylamino, N-methylphenylamino, benzylamino, dibenzylamino, piperidyl or morpholyl;
• R 9 is as defined above.
• R 9 is as defined above.
• preferred radicals R 9 are: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, tert-amyl, n-hexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-octadecyl, 3-pentyl, 4-heptyl, 5-nonyl, 6-undecyl, 7-tridecyl, 3-hexyl, 3-heptyl, 3-nonyl, 3-undecyl, hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoroethyl, cyanomethyl, methoxycarbon
• R 9 is as defined above and R 13 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 18 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by cyano, hydroxy or C 1 -C 4 alkoxycarbonyl groups, C 3 - to C 24 cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkylaryl, C 6 -C 10 aryl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 1 -C 4 alkoxy groups, or a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic radical, the individual radicals such as alkyl, alkoxy, aryl and the like being as defined above for these radicals, including the preferred ranges defined there.
• radicals are: acetylamino, propionylamino, butyrylamino, benzoylamino, p-chlorobenzoylamino, p-methylbenzoylamino, N-methylacetamino, N-methylbenzoylamino, N-succinimido, N-phthalimido or N-(4-amino)phthalimido;
• R 9 and R 12 are as defined above.
• radicals are: --NHCOOCH 3 , --NHCOOC 2 H 5 and --NHCOOC 6 H 5 ;
• R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are as defined above.
• radicals are: ureido, N-methylureido, N-phenylureido, or N,N'-2',4'-dimethylphenylureido;
• R 9 is as defined above.
• radicals are: methylsulfonylamino, phenylsulfonylamino, p-tolylsulfonylamino or 2-naphthylsulfonylamino;
• R 9 is as defined above.
• radicals are: methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl and 2-naphthylsulfonyl;
• R 9 is as defined above.
• An example of the radical is phenylsulfoxidyl
• R 9 is as defined above.
• radicals R 9 are: methyl, ethyl, phenyl, o-, m-, or p-chlorophenyl, o-, m-, or p-methylphenyl or 1- or 2-naphthyl;
• radicals are: carbamoyl, N-methylcarbamoyl, N-ethylcarbamoyl, N-phenylcarbamoyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N-methyl-N-phenylcarbamoyl, N-1-naphthylcarbamoyl or N-piperidylcarbamoyl;
• radicals are: sulfamoyl, N-methylsulfamoyl, N-ethylsulfamoyl, N-phenylsulfamoyl, N-methyl-N-phenylsulfamoyl or N-morpholylsulfamoyl;
• R 14 is the radical of a coupling component or a phenyl radical which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, alkyl or --O-alkyl, where halogen and alkyl are as defined above.
• Alkyl in the definition of R 14 can have a number of C atoms defined above as preferred. Examples of R 14 are: the acetoacetarylide, pyrazolyl, pyridonyl, o- or p-hydroxyphenyl, o-hydroxynaphthyl, p-aminophenyl or p-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl radicals.
• R 9 is as defined above.
• radicals R 9 are: methyl, ethyl, phenyl and o-, m- or p-chlorophenyl;
• R 9 is as defined above.
• radicals R 9 are: methyl, ethyl, phenyl and o-, m- or p-chlorophenyl.
• Halogen can be fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, preferably fluorine and chlorine, and preferably at least one of the following radicals R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 7 and R 8 is fluorine, chlorine or bromine, and particularly preferably R 1 and R 2 are simultaneously chlorine.
• Unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 18 alkyl can be methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, tert-amyl, n-hexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-octadecyl, 3-pentyl, 4-heptyl, 5-nonyl, 6-undecyl, 7-tridecyl, 3-hexyl, 3-heptyl, 3-nonyl or 3-undecyl, preferably C 1 -C 12 alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isoprop
• alkyl groups defined to be substituted by the following groups, which as a rule do not increase the hydrophilicity, such as
• R 9 is C 1 -C 18 alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-amyl, n-hexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-octadecyl, 3-pentyl, 4-heptyl, 5-nonyl, 6-undecyl, 7-tridecyl, 3-hexyl, 3-heptyl, 3-nonyl or 3-undecyl, preferably C 1 -C 12 alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-buty
• R 10 and R 11 are hydrogen, C 1 -C 18 alkyl as defined above, preferably C 1 -C 12 alkyl, particularly preferably C 1 -C 8 alkyl, especially preferably C 1 -C 4 alkyl as defined above, which is unsubstituted or substituted by the cyano or hydroxy groups, C 3 - to C 24 cycloalkyl, preferably C 5 -, C 6 -, C 12 -, C 15 -, C 16 -, C 20 - and C 24 cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, preferably derived form one of the carbo- and heterocyclic aromatic radicals defined above, in particular phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, or in which R 10 and R 11 , together with in each case one of the other radicals R 2 to R 4 , form a 5- to 6-membered ring or else a hetero
• aryl radicals such as naphthyl or, in particular, phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, alkyl or --O-alkyl, or furthermore heterocyclic aromatic radicals, such as 2-thienyl, 2-benzoxazolyl, 2-benzothiazolyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 6-benzimidazolonyl, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridinyl, 2-, 4- or 6-quinolyl or 1-, 3-, 4-, 6- or 8-isoquinolyl radicals are used on the alkyl groups.
• this alkyl can be branched or unbranched and can preferably contain 1 to 18, in particular 1 to 12, especieally 1 to 8, and particularly preferably 1 to 4 C atoms.
• unsubstituted alky groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, tert-amyl, n-hexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, n-heptyl n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-octadecyl, 3-pentyl, 4-heptyl, 5-nonyl, 6-undecyl, 7-tridecyl, 3-hexyl, 3-heptyl, 3-n
• R 1 and R 2 are simultaneously, independently of the choice of the other radicals within the present definition of the radicals R 1 to R 8 , C 4 -C 18 alkyl such as n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, tert-amyl, n-hexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-octadecyl, 3-pentyl, 4-heptyl, 5-nonyl, 6-undecyl, 7-tridecyl, 3-hexyl, 3-heptyl, 3-nonyl, 3-undecyl, preferably C 6 -C 12 alkyl such as n-hexyl, n-hepty
• R 12 examples of preferred radicals R 12 are: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, tert-amyl, n-hexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-octadecyl, 3-pentyl, 4-heptyl, 5-nonyl, 6-undecyl, 7-tridecyl, 3-hexyl, 3-heptyl, 3-nonyl, 3-undecyl, hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoroethyl, cyanomethyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl, acetoxymethyl, benzyl
• radicals examples include hydroxyl, methoxy, --O-ethyl, --O-i-propyl, --O-i-butyl, --O-phenyl, --O-2,5-di-tert-butylphenyl.
• R 10 and R 11 can be the radicals defined above.
• preferred radicals are: amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, diethylamino, isopropylamino, 2-hydroxyethylamino, 2-hydroxypropylamino, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino, cyclopentylamino, cyclohexylamino, cyclododecylamino, cyclopentadecylamino, cyclohecadecylamino, cycloeicosanylamino, cyclotetracosanylamino, phenylamino, N-methylphenylamino, benzylamino, dibenzylamino, piperidyl or morpholyl, and dimethylamino, diethylamino and di-n-propylamino, di-n-butylamino, di-n
• R 10 and R 11 by themselves or together with in each case at least one of the other free radicals from the list R 1 , R 3 , R 5 , R 7 or R 2 , R 4 , R 6 , R 8 , can form one or more five- or six-membered, saturated or unsaturated rings, such as pyridine, pyrrole, piperidine, quinoline or benzoquinolizine derivatives.
• the radicals R 1 to R 8 are chosen such that the oxindigo derivatives 1 and 2 according to the invention have at least two, preferably two, three or four, particularly preferably two, radicals --NR 10 R 11 , the remainder of the radicals R 1 to R 8 particularly preferably being hydrogen.
• --COR 9 can be those radicals in which R 9 is as defined above.
• R 9 is as defined above.
• R 9 are: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, tert-amyl, n-hexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-octadecyl, 3-pentyl, 4-heptyl, 5-nonyl, 6-undecyl, 7-tridecyl, 3-hexyl, 3-heptyl, 3-nonyl, 3-undecyl, hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoroethyl,
• --NR 13 COR 9 can be those radicals in which R 9 is as defined above and R 13 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 18 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by cyano, hydroxy or C 1 -C 4 alkoxycarbonyl groups, C 3 - to C 24 cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkylaryl, C 6 -C 10 aryl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 1 -C 4 alkoxy groups, or a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic radical, the individual radicals such as alkyl, alkoxy, aryl and the like being as defined above for these radicals, including the preferred ranges defined there.
• radicals are: acetylamino, propionylamino, butyrylamino, benzoylamino, p-chlorobenzoylamino, p-methylbenzoylamino, N-methylacetamino, N-methylbenzoylamino, N-succinimido, N-phthalimido or N-(4-amino)phthalimido.
• --NR 12 COOR 9 can be those radicals in which R 9 and R 12 are as defined above. Examples of radicals are: --NHCOOCH 3 , --NHCOOC 2 H 5 and --NHCOOC 6 H 5 .
• --NR 12 CONR 10 R 11 can be those radicals in which R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are as defined above. Examples of radicals are: ureido, N-methylureido, N-phenylureido, or N,N'-2',4'-dimethylphenylureido.
• R 9 can be those radicals in which R 9 is as defined above. Examples of radicals are: methylsulfonylamino, phenylsulfonylamino, p-tolylsulfonylamino or 2-naphthylsulfonylamino.
• R 9 can be those radicals in which R 9 is as defined above. Examples of radicals are: methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl or 2-naphthylsulfonyl.
• --SOR 9 can be those radicals in which R 9 is as defined above.
• An example of the radical is phenylsulfoxidyl.
• --SO 2 OR 9 can be those radicals in which R 9 is as defined above.
• R 9 are: methyl, ethyl, phenyl, o-, m-, or p-chlorophenyl, o-, m-, or p-methylphenyl, or 1- or 2-naphthyl.
• --CONR 10 R 11 can be those radicals in which R 10 and R 11 are as defined above.
• radicals are: carbamoyl, N-methylcarbamoyl, N-ethylcarbamoyl, N-phenylcarbamoyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N-methyl-N-phenylcarbamoyl, N-1-naphthylcarbamoyl or N-piperidylcarbamoyl.
• --SO 2 NR 10 R 11 can be those radicals in which R 10 and R 11 are as defined above.
• radicals are: sulfamoyl, N-methylsulfamoyl, N-ethylsulfamoyl, N-phenylsulfamoyl, N-methyl-N-phenylsulfamoyl or N-morpholylsulfamoyl.
• --N ⁇ NR 14 can be those radicals in which R 14 is the radical of a coupling component or a phenyl radical which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, alkyl or --O-alkyl, where halogen and alkyl are as defined above.
• Alkyl in the definitions of R 14 can have one of the numbers of C atoms defined above as preferred. Examples of R 14 are: the acetoacetarylide, pyrazolyl, pyridonyl, o-, p-hydroxyphenyl, o-hydroxynaphthyl, p-aminophenyl or p-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl radicals.
• --OCOR 9 can be those radicals in which R 9 is as defined above.
• examples of the radicals R 9 are: methyl, ethyl, phenyl, o-, m- or p-chlorophenyl.
• --OCONHR 9 can be those radicals in which R 9 is as defined above.
• examples of the radicals R 9 are: methyl, ethyl, phenyl, o-, m- or p-chlorophenyl.
• a preferred embodiment relates to symmetrically substituted oxindigo derivatives 1 and 2.
• symmetrically substituted means that (a) an even number of identical substituents is present (i.e. two, four, six or eight) and (b) that a pendant corresponding to a substituent at position X exists at position X'.
• Examples are oxindigo derivatives 1 and 2 having the same substituents as radicals R 1 and R 2 and/or R 3 and R 4 and/or R 5 and R 6 and/or R 7 and R 8 .
• Particularly preferred symmetrically substituted compounds 1 and 2 are those having two (identical) substituents. Examples are compounds 1 and 2 having the same substituents as radicals R 1 and R 2 or R 3 and R 4 or R 5 and R 6 or R 7 and R 8 .
• Especially preferred symmetrically substituted compounds 1 and 2 are those which are substituted by identical substituents in positions 6 and 6', i.e. R 1 ⁇ R 2 .
• Examples are oxindigo compounds 1 and 2 disubstituted in the 6,6'-position by --NR 10 R 11 .
• the claimed compounds can be prepared analogously to the methods described in the abovementioned cited documents of the prior art, or in analogy to the methods described below in detail for the preparation of in 6- and 6'-position with the --NR 10 R 11 disubstituted oxindigo compounds 1 and 2. In this context it is also referred to the dissertation document of Barbara Wagner, Kunststoff 1995.
• a preferred embodiment relates to the oxindigo compounds 1 and 2 disubstituted in the 6,6'-position by --NR 10 R 11 , in which R 10 and R 11 are as defined above for these radicals, including the preferred embodiments.
• Particularly preferred 6,6'-diamino-oxindigos 1 and 2 are 6-dimethylamino-2-(6-dimethylamino-3-oxo-2(3H)-benzofuranylidene)-3(2H)-benzofuranone, 6-diethylamino-2-(6-diethylamino-3-oxo-2(3H)-benzofuranylidene)-3(2H)-benzofuranone, 6-di-n-propylamino-2-(6-di-n-propylamino-3-oxo-2(3H)-benzofuranylidene)-3(2H)-benzofuranone, 6-di-n-butylamino-2-(6-
• Another preferred embodiment relates to the preparation of the oxindigo compounds 1 and 2 in each case disubstituted in the 6- and 6'-position by the radical --NR 10 R 11 .
• a particularly preferred process relates to the preparation of the oxindigo derivatives 1 and 2 with radicals --NR 10 R 11 as substituents in the 6- and 6'-position, which comprises
• the phenolic OH group is preferably alkylated with a haloacetic acid alkyl ester, preferably a C 1 -C 4 alkyl ester, such as methyl chloroacetate, methyl bromoacetate, ethyl chloroacetate, ethyl bromoacetate, -n- or i-propyl chloroacetate, n- or i-propyl bromoacetate, n-, i-, sec- or tert-butyl chloroacetate or n-, i-, sec- or tert-butyl bromoacetate, a haloacetic acid, such as chloroacetic and bromoacetic acid, alkali metal salts thereof, in particular sodium salts thereof, or a haloacid chloride, such as chloroacetyl chloride, methyl chloroacetate being particularly preferred. If desired, preferably if chloroacetyl chloride is methyl bromoa
• the base employed can be an amide, particularly sterically hindered amides, such as lithium piperididyl, and lithium diisopropylamide (“LDA”), preferably LDA, an alkali metal hydroxide, such as NaOH or KOH, preferably KOH, an alkali metal alcoholate, such as NaOMe, or NaH, KH, diazabicycloundecen (“DBU”), or diazabicyclononen (“DBN”).
• LDA lithium piperididyl
• LDA lithium diisopropylamide
• an alkali metal hydroxide such as NaOH or KOH
• KOH an alkali metal alcoholate
• NaOMe NaOMe
• KH diazabicycloundecen
• DBU diazabicycloundecen
• DBN diazabicyclononen
• the reaction of 3 to give 4 is preferably carried out in the presence of a solvent, such as an aromatic solvent, such as toluene, benzene, xylol, preferably toluene, in particular if LDA is used, dimethyl sulfoxide (“DMSO”), in particular if solid KOH is used, as well as HMPA, DEU, and DMPU.
• a solvent such as an aromatic solvent, such as toluene, benzene, xylol, preferably toluene, in particular if LDA is used, dimethyl sulfoxide (“DMSO”), in particular if solid KOH is used, as well as HMPA, DEU, and DMPU.
• the molar ratio of alkylating reagent to compound 3 is usually chosen in the range from 5:1 to 0.5:1, preferably from 1.5:1 to 1:1.
• the molar ratio of alkylating reagent to base is usually chosen in the range from 8:1 to 1:1, preferably from 4:1 to 1:1.
• the weight ratio of solvent to base is in the range from 50:1 to 1:1, preferably from 30:1 to 5:1.
• the alkylation is usually carried out at a temperature in the range from -90 to 150, preferably from -78 to 60° C.
• the pressure is in general chosen in the range from 80 to 120 kPa, and atmospheric pressure is preferably used.
• the pressure range can also be chosen outside the customary range, depending on the temperature chosen.
• the duration of the reaction is chosen according to the temperature chosen, and is preferably in the range from 0.5 to 100, particularly 1 to 20 hours.
• the compound 4 can be worked by customary methods. In a preferred embodiment, however, the working up step is omitted and the reaction continued.
• the compound 4 prepared either by the method described or by another process, in isolated form or in the reaction mixture, is reached with a base or an acid to give the compound 6, a coumaranone, and if a base is used the enolate 5 of the compound 4 can, if desired, be isolated ##STR6##
• the base employed is in general an amide, such as a non-nucleophilic amide such as lithium piperididyl and LDA, preferably LDA, an alkaline earth metal carbonate, such as CaCO 3 , an aluminum oxide, such as ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 , preferably in basic form, and silica gel, preferably in basic form, for example by treatment with an alcoholate, such as NaOMe and NaOEt.
• amide such as a non-nucleophilic amide such as lithium piperididyl and LDA, preferably LDA
• an alkaline earth metal carbonate such as CaCO 3
• an aluminum oxide such as ⁇ -Al 2 O 3
• silica gel preferably in basic form, for example by treatment with an alcoholate, such as NaOMe and NaOEt.
• the acid employed can be the customary mineral acids, such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, preferably sulfuric acid, and polyphosphoric acid.
• the molar ratio of compound 4 to the base or acid is usually chosen in the range from 10:1 to 0.8:1, preferably from 5:1 to 1:1.
• the cyclization to give the coumaranone 6 is carried out in a solvent, such as a polar organic solvent like 1,2-dichloro ethane, 1,2-dichloro methane, nitrobenzene, or inorganic acids such as conc. sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid (waterfree), or in carbon disulfide, preferably in 1,2-dichloro ethane.
• a solvent such as a polar organic solvent like 1,2-dichloro ethane, 1,2-dichloro methane, nitrobenzene, or inorganic acids such as conc. sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid (waterfree), or in carbon disulfide, preferably in 1,2-dichloro ethane.
• the cyclization is usually carried out at a temperature in the range from 0 to 200, preferably from 20 to 110° C.
• the pressure is in general chosen in the range from 80 to 120 kPa, and atmospheric pressure is preferably used.
• the pressure range can also be chosen outside the customary range, depending on the temperature chosen.
• the duration of the reaction is chosen according to the temperature chosen, and is preferably in the range from 1 to 16 hours.
• the compound 6 can be worked up by methods which are customary per se.
• the coumaranone 6 readily dimerizes with atmospheric oxygen to give the oxindigo derivatives 1 and/or 2.
• working up of the coumaranone 6 is therefore omitted and the reaction to give the oxindigo derivatives 1 and/or 2 is continued by carrying out the reaction step defined above, or in particular the last reaction step, in the presence of oxygen, preferably in the presence of air.
• the oxindigo derivatives 1 and/or 2 can as a rule be isolated from the reaction mixtures by methods known per se. They are separated off by chromatography, silica gel or aluminum oxide preferably being chosen, particularly preferably silica gel, and chloroform advantageously being chosen as the eluting agent.
• 6,6'-dimethoxy-trans-oxindigo which is known, can be prepared by one of the novel synthesis routes described above in a few steps starting from 3-methoxyphenol.
• Another preferred embodiment relates to the preparation of the oxindigo derivatives 1 and/or 2 starting from coumaranone 6.
• the reaction conditions usually correspond to the conditions defined above for reaction step 6-->1/2.
• the coumaranone 6 can be synthesized by the synthesis steps defined above, starting from one of the precursors or intermediates 3 or 4, and isolated, or can be prepared by another process.
• Another preferred embodiment relates to the preparation of the oxindigo derivatives 1 and/or 2 starting from the ester compound 4 via coumaranone 6.
• a particularly preferred process for the preparation of the oxindigo derivatives 1 and 2 with radicals --NR 10 R 11 as substituents in the 6- and 6' position comprises
• reaction conditions for (a) are usually the conditions defined above for the reaction sequence 4-->6-->1/2, coumaranone 6 preferably not being isolated.
• the ester 4 can be prepared by the synthesis steps defined above, starting from aminophenol 3, or by another process.
• the oxindigo derivatives 1 and/or 2 are obtained by thermolysis of the compound 4, preferably starting from 3-aminophenoxyacetic acid C 1 -C 6 alkyl esters, such as methyl 3-aminophenoxyacetate, ethyl 3-aminophenoxyacetate, n-propyl 3-aminophenoxyacetate, n-butyl 3-aminophenoxyacetate, tert-butyl 3-aminophenoxyacetate, n-pentyl 3-aminophenoxyacetate and n-hexyl 3-aminophenoxyacetate, particularly preferably methyl 3-aminophenoxyacetate, at elevated temperature, preferably at a temperature in the range from 80 to 200, particularly preferably from 110 to 150, in particular at 130° C.
• the residence time here is as a rule chosen in the range from 0.5 to 3 hours, preferably from 0.5 to 1.5 hours, depending on the choice of temperature.
• the cis-oxindigo derivative 2 is also obtained.
• the contents thereof are in general low, but the content of cis-oxindigo 2 can also be up to about 50% at low reaction temperatures.
• the cis form 2 can usually be separated completely from the trans form 1 by chromatography, which is preferably carried out carefully.
• the more readily accessible (trans-)oxindigo derivative 1 can be reduced to the leuco form 7 and oxidized again, preferably at a low temperature.
• mixtures of the two forms are obtained here in a molar ratio in the range from 0.8:1 to 1.2:1.
• the reduction of the oxindigo derivative 1 is usually carried out here in a polar medium such as water or glacial acetic acid.
• the reducing agent which can be employed usually is a common reducing agent such as sodium dithionate, zinc in glacial acetic acid or hydrosulfite (sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate-hydrate), preferably zinc in glacial acetic acid.
• a common reducing agent such as sodium dithionate, zinc in glacial acetic acid or hydrosulfite (sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate-hydrate), preferably zinc in glacial acetic acid.
• the molar ratio of reducing agent to oxindigo derivative 1 is usually chosen in the range from 500:1 to 3:1, preferably from 20:1 to 3:1.
• the reduction is preferably carried out in a solvent, such as water or glacial acetic acid, particularly preferably glacial acetic acid.
• a solvent such as water or glacial acetic acid, particularly preferably glacial acetic acid.
• the reduction is in general carried out at a temperature in the range from 20 to 150, preferably from 50 to 120° C.
• the oxidation of the leuco-oxindigo 7 is usually carried out here with air, pure oxygen, hydrogen peroxide or hypochlorite.
• the oxidation of the leuco-oxindigo 7 is in general carried out at a temperature in the range from 0 to 150, preferably from 15 to 40° C.
• Another preferred embodiment of the present invention therefore relates to leuco-oxindigo derivatives of the formula 7 and their preparation as described above.
• the cis-oxindigo derivative 2 can be isomerized thermally or photochemically into the corresponding trans form.
• the thermal isomerization is usually carried out in a solvent such as alkanols having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms like methanol, ethanol, propanol or butanol, or an aromatic solvent like toluene.
• a solvent such as alkanols having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms like methanol, ethanol, propanol or butanol, or an aromatic solvent like toluene.
• water will enhance the reaction velocity.
• the photochemical isomerization is usually carried out with the light of the sun or with common mercury vapor lamps like the Philips HPlc 125 W-lamp.
• Another embodiment relates to the conversion of cis-oxindigo derivatives 2 into trans-oxindigo derivatives 1 and vice versa by a reaction catalysed by Lewis acids, such as silica gel, zinc chloride, zinc acetate, iron(III)chloride, the etherate of boron trifluoride.
• Lewis acids such as silica gel, zinc chloride, zinc acetate, iron(III)chloride, the etherate of boron trifluoride.
• the conversion is usually carried out in a mixture like pyridine/water, 2-, or 3-, or 4-picoline/water, acetonitrile/water.
• the lewis acids are used in catalytic amounts such as in the range of from 0.1 to 15, preferably from 8 to 12, particularly preferred 10 mol-% per mole of the oxindigo compound.
• Another preferred embodiment relates to oxindigo derivatives 1 which are disubstituted in the 6- and 6'-position by the group NR 10 R 11 , in which R 10 and R 11 are chosen such that at least one of these radicals forms at least one further ring with the phenyl ring already present.
• the donor action of the amine nitrogen atoms is usually increased compared with less rigid derivatives, such as the oxindigo derivatives 1 without fused-on rings, which as a rule also manifests itself in a greater bathochromic shift in the absorption and the fluorescence.
• Another embodiment relates to the coumaranones 6 which are substituted in the 6-position by the group --NR 10 R 11 , and their use for the preparation of the corresponding oxindigo derivatives 1 and/or 2.
• the radicals R 10 and R 11 are as defined above for these radicals, including the preferred embodiments.
• Another embodiment relates to the preparation of the coumaranones 6 starting from the 3-aminophenol 3 via the ester 4 or directly starting from the ester 4 by the synthesis defined above.
• esters 4 which are substituted in the 3-position by the group --NR 10 R 11 and their use for the preparation of the corresponding oxindigo derivatives 1 and/or 2 and coumaranones 6.
• the radicals R 10 and R 11 are as defined above for these radicals, including the preferred embodiments.
• Another embodiment relates to the preparation of the esters 4 starting from the 3-aminophenol 3 by the synthesis defined above.
• Another embodiment relates to the 3-aminophenols 3 which are substituted in the 3-position by the group --NR 10 R 11 and their use for the preparation of the corresponding oxindigo derivatives 1 and/or 2, coumaranones 6 and esters 4.
• the radicals R 10 and R 11 are as defied above for these radicals, including the preferred embodiments.
• Particularly preferred 3-aminophenols are N,N'-di-n-propyl-3-aminophenol, N,N'-di-n-butyl-3-aminophenol, N,N'-di-n-pentyl-3-aminophenol, N,N'-di-n-hexyl-3-amino-phenol, N,N'-n-octyl-3-aminophenol, N,N'-di-n-dodecyl-3-aminophenol and N-methyl-N'-(2'-methylphenyl)-3-aminophenol.
• Another preferred embodiment relates to (Z)- and (E)- ⁇ 11,11'(2H, 3H, 4H, 6H, 7H, 8H, 10H, 2'H, 3'H, 4'H, 6'H, 7'H, 8'H, 10'H)-bibenzo[i,j]furo[3,2-g]quinoline-10,10'-dione and its preparation.
• the preparation is preferably carried out analogously to the reaction of the 3-aminophenols defined above with a base and an alkylating reagent with subsequent cyclization and dimerization.
• 8-Hydroxy-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[i,j]quinoline-- obtainable by the method described in J. Am.
• Chem. Soc. 86 (1964), 2533-- is preferably reacted with a base, such as sodium methylate, and a C 2 unit, as the alkylating reagent, such as methyl chloroacetate, preferably in the presence of a Lewis acid, such as silica gel.
• a base such as sodium methylate
• a C 2 unit such as the alkylating reagent
• a Lewis acid such as silica gel
• Another preferred embodiment relates to a process for vat dyeing of natural substances, such as paper, wood, straw, leather and hides, natural fibre materials, such as cotton, wool, silk, jute, sisal, hemp, flax and animal hair (for example horsehair) and conversion products thereof, such as viscose fibres, nitrate silk or cuprammonium rayon (rayon).
• natural substances such as paper, wood, straw, leather and hides
• natural fibre materials such as cotton, wool, silk, jute, sisal, hemp, flax and animal hair (for example horsehair)
• conversion products thereof such as viscose fibres, nitrate silk or cuprammonium rayon (rayon).
• the oxindigo derivatives 1 and/or 2 are preferably vatted with hydrosulfite by methods known per se, such as are described, for example, in "Prakitscher Leitfaden Kurs Maschinen von Textilmaschinen in Laboratorien” [Practical guideline for dyeing textile fibres in laboratories], Julius Springer Verlag, Berlin 1930.
• oxindigo derivatives 1 and/or 2 disubstituted in the 6,6'-position by --NR 10 R 11 radicals clear, yellow vats with a blue fluorescence can usually be prepared in this way, and, for example, cotton can be dyed red with these.
• the re-oxidation advantageously in air, can be assisted by addition of hydrogen peroxide.
• Another preferred embodiment relates to the reduction of an oxindigo 1 and/or 2 with zinc in boiling glacial acetic acid.
• dark yellow solutions with a blue fluorescence are obtained here with oxindigo derivatives 1 and/or 2 disubstituted in the 6,6'-position by --NR 10 R 11 radicals.
• Dyeing using cotton is usually achieved with these by atmospheric oxidation. If trans-6-dimethylamino-2-(6-dimethylamino-3-oxo-2(3H)-benzofuranylidene)-3(2H)-benzofuranonee, for example, is used, the corresponding blue cis-isomer is preferentially obtained in the re-oxidation.
• the oxindigo derivatives 1 and 2 according to the invention have an outstanding fluorescence. Furthermore the oxindigo derivatives 1 and 2, in particular the cis-isomers 2, according to the invention are very light-fast as solids. The fluorescences of the oxindigo derivatives 1 and 2 in the solid state furthermore extend far into the near infrared (NIR) region, which renders them particularly interesting for industrial applications.
• NIR near infrared
• the wide spectral separation between absorption and fluorescence is important in particular, for example, for laser applications.
• the solubility of the oxindigo derivatives 1 and 2 assists these applications in a positive manner.
• oxindigo derivatives 1 and 2 according to the invention including the compounds excluded there are the oxindigo derivatives obtainable by the process according to the invention, are suitable for use as colorants, in particular as pigments and dyes, by methods which as a rule are in each case known per se, preferably
• polymer employed for bulk dyeing of polymers, it being possible for the polymer employed to be polyvinyl chloride, cellulose acetate, polycarbonates, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyimides, polybenzimidazoles, melamine resins, silicones, polyesters, polyethers, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylonitrile, polybutadiene, polychlorobutadiene or polyisoprene and the copolymers of the monomers mentioned;
• vat dyes for example for dyeing natural substances and, in particular, paper, wood, straw, leather, hides or natural fibre materials, such as cotton, wool, silk, jute, sisal, hemp, flax or animal hair (for example horsehair) and conversion products thereof, such as the viscose fibres, nitrate silk or cuprammonium rayon (rayon);
• colorants according to the invention can be linked covalently to substrates or via secondary valences, such as hydrogen bonds or hydrophobic interactions (adsorption);
• IR (KBr): n 3354 cm -1 (s, OH), 2961 (s, CH aliph.), 2934 (s, CH aliph.), 2874 (s, CH aliph.), 1618 (s, C ⁇ C), 1580 (s), 1468 (m), 1397 (w), 1378 (m), 1378 (m), 1366 (m), 1300 (w), 1258 (w), 1202 (s), 1171 (m), 1146 (m), 1102 (w), 1012 (m), 820 (w), 752 (m), 688 (m).
• the combined organic phases are extracted by shaking first twice with 50 ml of 0.02 N NaOH each time and then twice with 30 ml of water each time.
• the chloroform phase is dried over MgSO 4 . After the solvent has been stripped off, a dark brown highly viscous liquid which subsequently darkens in light is obtained.
• IR (KBr): n 3399 cm -1 (s, OH), 2958 (S, CH aliph.), 2935 (s, CH aliph.), 2873 (m, CH aliph.), 1618 (s, C ⁇ C), 1580 (m), 1504 (s), 1467 (m), 1455 (m), 1401 (w), 1367 (m), 1292 (w), 1241 (w), 1194 (m), 1171 (m), 1145 (w), 1111 (w), 1026 (w), 945 (w), 822 (w), 752 (m), 988 (m).
• the organic phases are collected and washed twice with 100 ml of 0.02 N NaOH each time and then twice with 70 ml of water each time.
• the chloroform phase is dried over MgSO 4 . After the solvent has been stripped off on a rotary evaporator, a brown, light-sensitive viscous liquid is obtained.
• IR (KBr): n 3338 cm -1 (w br., OH), 2956 (s, CH aliph.), 2932 (s, CH aliph.), 2871 (m, CH aliph.), 2860 (m, CH aliph.), 1619 (s, C ⁇ C), 1580 (s), 1503 (s), 1467 (m), 1369 (m), 1278 (w), 1230 (m), 1188 (m), 1170 (m), 1144 (m), 752 (m), 689 (m).
• IR (KBr): n 3322 cm -1 (s br., OH), 2957 (s, CH aliph.), 2929 (s, CH aliph.), 2868 (s, CH aliph.), 2858 (s, CH aliph.), 1617 (s, C ⁇ C), 1505 (s), 1467 (m), 1378 (w), 1340 (w), 1281 (w), 1218 (m), 1173 (m), 995 (w), 832 (w), 755 (w), 725 (w), 689 (m).
• IR (KBr): n 3301 cm -1 (m br., OH), 2952 (s, CH aliph.), 2926 (s, CH aliph.), 2854 (s, CH aliph.), 1615 (s, C ⁇ C), 1580 (m), 1503 (s), 1467 (m), 1405 (w), 1370 (m), 1279 (m), 1244 (m), 1223 (w), 1167 (m), 1142 (w), 1020 (w), 828 (w), 822 (w), 752 (w), 725 (w), 690 (w).
• IR (KBr): n 3328 cm -1 (m br., OH), 2956 (s, CH aliph.), 2923 (s, CH aliph.), 2854 (s, CH aliph.), 1615 (s, C ⁇ C), 1580 (m, C ⁇ C), 1504 (s), 1467 (s), 1455 (m), 1435 (w), 1401 (w), 1370 (m), 1284 (w), 1191 (w), 1163 (m), 1000 (w), 868 (w), 753 (w), 745 (w), 689 (w).
• IR (KBr): n 3387 cm-1 (s br., OH), 3074 (m, CH arom.), 3030 (m, CH arom.), 2955 (m, CH aliph.), 2933 (m, CH aliph.), 2820 (w, CH aliph.), 1620 (s, C ⁇ C), 1596 (s, C ⁇ C), 1582 (s, C ⁇ C), 1495 (s), 1471 (m), 1461 (m), 1455 (m), 1351 (m), 1270 (m), 1193 (m), 1164 (m), 1139 (w), 1113 (m), 1044 (w), 995 (w), 965 (w), 835 (w), 761 (m), 729 (m), 690 (m).
• the reaction is carried out in a three-necked flask with a reflux condenser.
• An extractor is connected between the reaction vessel and reflux condenser.
• the extractor is provided with an extraction shell filled with molecular sieve 4 ⁇ . 63.6 g (0.600 mol) of Na 2 CO 3 , 18.5 g (0.170 mol) of m-anisidine and 354.2 g (2.250 mol) of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane are mixed in the reaction vessel.
• the reaction mixture is slowly heated (70° C./1 hour, 100° C./2 hours, 160° C./12 hours), while stirring vigorously. During this procedure, the reaction mixture changes colour from initially pale yellow to yellow-orange.
• the combined ether phases are washed with 10 per cent NaOH (3 ⁇ 50 ml) and dried over Na 2 SO 4 . After the desiccant has been filtered off, 32.1 g of oily red-brown crude product (95%) are obtained.
• the crude product is chromatographed over a column (300 ⁇ 40 mm) using chloroform as the mobile phase. After the solvent has been stripped off, a slightly oily, red-brown liquid is obtained.
• IR (KBr): n 3500 cm-1 (w), 2936 (s, CH aliph.), 2837 (s, OCH3), 2773 (m, CH aliph.), 1606 (s, C ⁇ C), 1585 (s, C ⁇ C), 1492 (s), 1464 (s), 1444 (s), 1354 (m), 1335 (m), 1308 (s), 1268 (m), 1250 (s), 1198 (s), 1185 (m), 1161 (s), 1132 (s), 1062 (s), 1042 (m), 773 (s).
• the aqueous phase is extracted with ether (3 ⁇ 80 ml) and the combined ether phases are dried over MgSO 4 .
• ether 3 ⁇ 80 ml
• a red-brown solid is obtained.
• the crude product is chromatographed twice over a column (300 ⁇ 40 mm) using chloroform as the mobile phase. After the chloroform has been stripped off on a rotary evaporator, a red-brown solid is obtained and is dried over silica gel in a desiccator.
• UV (CHCl 3 ): ⁇ max 365.4 nm, 501.3 sh, 617.5.
• the entire reaction is carried out with exclusion of moisture in an apparatus which has been heated thoroughly.
• N,N'-dialkyl-3-aminophenol 0.1 mol of N,N'-dialkyl-3-aminophenol are dissolved in 500 ml of toluene and the solution is cooled to -78° C.
• 55 ml of a 2 molar lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) solution in cyclohexane/toluene/tetrahydrofuran are added dropwise in the course of 1 hour, while stirring vigorously.
• This phenolate solution is then introduced dropwise into a solution of 0.11 mol of methyl chloroacetate in 500 ml of toluene in the course of 1 hour.
• 55 ml of the above LDA solution are cautiously added dropwise to the reaction solution at -78° C.
• the reaction mixture is kept at this temperature for 3 hours, before it is heated slowly to 60° C. After about 12 hours, the reaction mixture is poured into 2 l of water, the pH is brought to 6 with 2 N HCl and the mixture is extracted by shaking three times with 200 ml of chloroform each time. The organic phase is washed first several times with 100 ml of 2 N HCl each time and finally with water, where it should be noted that the wash water must no longer give a basic reaction and should be colourless. If the wash water still gives a basic reaction, the treatment with aqueous HCl is repeated. The chloroform phase is then dried over MgSO 4 .
• the crude product is obtained, this comprising the two colorant isomers.
• This isomer mixture can be separated by working up by column chromatography over silica gel using chloroform and toluene as the mobile phase.
• An intensely royal blue fraction is obtained from the first runnings by separation of the crude product mixture by column chromatography over silica gel using chloroform as the mobile phase. After filtering through a G4 frit and stripping off the solvent, the cis colorant is isolated as a dark blue solid, which is dried under an oil pump vacuum at 90° C. for 8 hours.
• UV (CHCl 3 ): ⁇ max ( ⁇ ) 313.1 nm (30 878), 322.9 (29 101), 496.2 sh (18 521), 527.3 (26 787), 557.1 sh (24 098).
• UV (CHCl 3 ): ⁇ max ( ⁇ ) 275.5 nm, 302.4 sh, 613.7 sh, 651.3.
• UV (CHCl 3 ): ⁇ max ( ⁇ ) 312.7 nm (34 125), 325.5 (32 710), 495.5 sh (19967), 527.4 (29 005).
• UV (CHCl 3 ): ⁇ max ( ⁇ ) 287.7 nm, 306.7 sh, 552.6 sh, 617.8 sh, 652.1.
• the colorant isomer mixture can be obtained as a violet fraction in the first runnings by working up by column chromatography over silica gel using toluene as the mobile phase.
• UV (CHCl 3 ): ⁇ max ( ⁇ ) 315.4 nm (25 407), 508.2 sh (22 646), 524.2 (23 869).
• UV (EtOH): ⁇ max ( ⁇ ) 309,4 nm (30 992), 317,3 sh (29 019), 524,0 (25 657), 540,0 sh (24 892).
• UV (CHCl 3 ): ⁇ max ( ⁇ ) 276.7 nm (16 284), 309.5 (13 058), 616.4 sh (27 573), 653.1 (32 280).
• a violet fraction which comprises the cis and trans colorant is isolated from the crude product in the first runnings by separation by column chromatography over silica gel using chloroform as the mobile phase. After the solvent has been stripped off, 0.5 g of a red-violet solid is obtained.
• the isomer mixture is separated by column chromatography over silica gel using toluene as the mobile phase, the trans-isomer being obtained as a red-violet fraction in the first runnings.
• This solution is filtered and the solvent is stripped off on a rotary evaporator.
• the resulting dark red precipitate is dried under an oil pump vacuum at 100° C. for 7 hours.
• a blue fraction is obtained from the isomer mixture in the first runnings by separation by column chromatography over silica gel using toluene as the mobile phase.
• the solution is filtered over a G4 frit.
• the solvent is distilled off and the resulting blue, highly viscous residue is taken up in 500 ml of n-hexane, from which the cis-isomer separates out at -17° C., this being filtered off and washed with n-hexane.
• UV (CHCl 3 ): ⁇ max ( ⁇ ) 300.6 nm, 612.3 sh, 652.0.
• the trans colorant is obtained from 4.1 g of the crude product as a red-violet fraction in the first runnings by column chromatography over silica gel using toluene as the mobile phase. After filtering through a G4 frit and stripping off the solvent, the dark red product is dried under an oil pump vacuum at 90° C. for 7 hours.
• UV (CHCl 3 ): ⁇ max ( ⁇ ) 311.8 nm (12958), 327.3(12045), 496.4 sh (7763), 528.8 (11666), 558.7 sh (10487).
• the trans-isomer is obtained as a red-violet fraction in the first runnings by column chromatography of the crude product over silica gel using toluene as the mobile phase. After the solvent has been stripped off on a rotary evaporator, a dark red, highly viscous residue remains, which is taken up in 250 ml of n-hexane. After cooling to -17° C., the trans colorant precipitates out, and is filtered off with suction through a P5 frit, washed with n-hexane and dried under an oil pump vacuum at 70° C. for 7 hours.
• UV (CHCl 3 ): ⁇ max ( ⁇ ) 314.0 nm (31150), 322.7 (28879), 497.0 sh (20750), 527.5 (29247), 559.0 sh (26847).
• UV (CHCl 3 ): ⁇ max ( ⁇ ) 279.0 nm (18853), 311.4 (16691), 619.1 sh (34789), 653.4 (41078).
• UV (CHCl 3 ): ⁇ max ( ⁇ ) 312.7 nm (31211), 488.8 (27034), 514.3 sh (23707).
• the crude product is chromatographed over silica gel using toluene as the mobile phase, a blue fraction being obtained in the first runnings. After the solvent has been stripped off on a rotary evaporator, the dark blue colorant is obtained, and is dried under an oil pump vacuum at 80° C. for 7 hours.
• UV (CHCl 3 ): ⁇ max ( ⁇ ) 286.0 nm, 297.9 sh, 362.7 sh, 577.2 sh, 602.
• the resulting dark red, viscous residue is taken up in 200 ml of n-hexane and the mixture is kept at -17° C. for 2 days. During this procedure, a dark red-orange precipitate separates out, and is filtered off over a frit, washed with a little n-hexane and dried under an oil pump vacuum at 80° C. for 6 hours.
• UV (CHCl 3 ): ⁇ max ( ⁇ ) 309.1 nm (27251), 318.2 (24989), 472.7 sh (14992), 505.1 (22344), 532.3 sh (19643).
• the ethanolic solution chiefly comprises unreacted 8-hydroxy-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[i,j]quinoline, which is reacted a second and third time as described above.
• the product is still absorbed on the silica gel.
• the silica gel from the three batches is collected and extracted with toluene for 12 hours. After the solvent has been stripped off, 0.22 g (4%) of a dark violet needle-shaped solid, a mixture of cis and trans product, is obtained.
• the isomers are separated over a column (800 ⁇ 40 mm) over silica gel using chloroform as the mobile phase.
• 0.4 g of a dark red solid is obtained and is subsequently separated into the isomers by column chromatography over silica gel using chloroform as the solvent.
• the cis-isomer is obtained in the first runnings as a blue fraction, and the trans-isomer is obtained as a red-violet fraction.
• the resulting colorant isomers are dried at 95° C. under an oil pump vacuum for 7 hours.
• the dark red, highly viscous residue which remains is worked up by column chromatography over silica gel using chloroform as the mobile phase.
• the colorant is separated off as a red solution in the first runnings. After the solvent has been stripped off on a rotary evaporator, the colorant is dried under an oil pump vacuum at 60° C. for 5 hours.
• reaction mixture becomes dark red in colour.
• the reaction mixture is left to stand at 60-70° C. for 60 hours.
• the mixture is filtered with suction through a G4 frit and the solid is washed several times with absolute ethanol until the wash solution is virtually colourless.
• the dark red organic phases are combined.
• the ethanol is stripped off on a rotary evaporator. 3 g of a dark red, highly viscous residue are obtained, this being purified by column chromatography over silica gel using chloroform as the mobile phase.
• the colorant is isolated as a red-violet fraction in the first runnings. After the solvent has been stripped off, the resulting dark red solid is dried under an oil pump vacuum at 95° C. for 5 hours.
• the organic phases are collected and are washed with about 50 ml of water beforehand, before they are dried with MgSO 4 . After the solvent has been stripped off on a rotary evaporator, a yellow-brown residue is obtained.
• Working up several times by column chromatography over silica gel using toluene as the mobile phase gives the colorant as a yellow solution of yellow fluorescence in the first runnings and the intermediate methyl (m-methoxyphenoxy)acetate as a yellow solution of blue fluorescence in the main runnings.
• the yellow solution of yellow fluorescence obtained in the first runnings by working up by column chromatography over silica gel using toluene as the mobile phase is concentrated on a rotary evaporator until a yellow, highly viscous residue is obtained. This is taken up in 150 ml of an n-hexane/acetone mixture (10:1) and the yellow colorant is frozen out at -17° C. The colorant is then filtered over a frit, washed with n-hexane and dried in a desiccator.
• UV (CHCl 3 ): ⁇ max ( ⁇ ) 272.9 nm, 404.0 (sh), 421.4, 444.9.
• the re-oxidation can be assisted by using hydrogen peroxide.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
• Indole Compounds (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

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• 1996
  • 1996-04-25 DE DE19616532A patent/DE19616532A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1996-04-25 US US09/155,734 patent/US6156914A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1997
  • 1997-04-17 AU AU23874/97A patent/AU717688B2/en not_active Ceased
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  • 1997-04-17 DE DE69709343T patent/DE69709343T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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