US5735215A - Rail-borne motive power unit - Google Patents

Rail-borne motive power unit Download PDF

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Publication number
US5735215A
US5735215A US08/654,533 US65453396A US5735215A US 5735215 A US5735215 A US 5735215A US 65453396 A US65453396 A US 65453396A US 5735215 A US5735215 A US 5735215A
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Prior art keywords
drive
rail
power unit
diesel
borne
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US08/654,533
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English (en)
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Ferdinand Tegeler
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Bombardier Transportation GmbH
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ABB Henschel AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C9/00—Locomotives or motor railcars characterised by the type of transmission system used; Transmission systems specially adapted for locomotives or motor railcars
    • B61C9/08—Transmission systems in or for locomotives or motor railcars with IC reciprocating piston engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C5/00—Locomotives or motor railcars with IC engines or gas turbines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rail-borne motive power unit for conveying passengers, with at least one coach section, which coach section is formed by a coach body with at least one passenger compartment to accommodate passengers and with a driver's cab at at least one end and with running-gear assemblies formed by wheelsets and with at least one traction motor as a drive unit.
  • Rail-borne motive power units for conveying passengers have long been universally known, e.g. as motor coaches or as electrically operated motor coaches for urban high-speed railway traffic; they are generally used for local passenger traffic on sections which carry large numbers of passengers.
  • a rail-borne motive power unit for conveying passengers comprising:
  • a low-floor vehicle coach body having a central part and at least one end part, the central part housing a passenger compartment and being lowered relative to the at least one end part;
  • the at least one end part being embodied as a motor-coach head and housing a driver's cab; running-gear assemblies supporting the coach body, and at least one electric drive motor drivingly connected to at least one of the running-gear assemblies; and
  • a drive unit drivingly connected to the at least one drive motor, the drive unit comprising a drive selected from the group of a diesel-mechanical drive, a diesel-electric drive, a purely electric drive, a multi-system drive formed by a combination of a diesel-electric drive with a purely electric drive, a multi-system drive formed by a combination of two different electric drive variants, a multi-system drive formed by a combination of a diesel-electric and two different electric drive variants.
  • the rail-borne motive power unit is constructed as a low-floor vehicle in which a central part of the coach body is lowered relative to the end parts, and that at least one drive unit is provided, which is formed by a diesel-mechanical drive or by a diesel-electric drive or by a multi-system drive formed by a combination of a diesel-electric with a purely electric drive or by a multi-system drive formed by a combination of two different electric drive variants or by a multi-system drive formed by a combination of a diesel-electric with two different electric drive variants.
  • This allows the passengers to travel from the regional area directly to the city railway or underground railway network without changing.
  • a rail-borne motive power unit is constructed as a low-floor vehicle, in which a central part of the coach body is lowered relative to the end parts, which is optionally equipped with a diesel-mechanical drive or a diesel-electric drive or a purely electric drive.
  • the second solution is of particular importance where it can be foreseen that alternative sources of energy will not be available or that special operating regulations concerning the drive energy source will not have to be followed, while the requirements made of local passenger traffic with regard to ease of entry into the coach (.e. if possible step-less entry), have to be complied with.
  • the invention on the one hand makes it possible to significantly reduce the distance between the floor level of the passenger compartment and the level of the respective platform in comparison with the known motor coaches and, on the other hand, of being able to use one basic model for different types of drive or of traveling along any desired line sections with a combined drive without the need for an interruption to the trip because of the impermissibility of the drive component installed in a particular power unit.
  • At least one end part of the rail-borne motive power unit is configured as a motor-coach head with a driver's cab, from where the motor coach can be controlled.
  • a diesel-mechanical drive or a diesel-electric drive or a purely electric drive or a multi-system drive formed by a combination of a diesel-electric and a purely electric drive or a multi-system drive formed by a combination of two different electric drive variants or a multi-system drive formed by a combination of a diesel-electric and two different electric drive variants can again optionally be provided as the drive unit.
  • the drive it is advantageous for the drive to be disposed underneath one end part, preferably beneath the motor-coach head. Furthermore, the drive acts on at least one axle of a running-gear assembly.
  • the motive power unit according to the invention can be of single-section or multi-section design, for example of three-section or four-section design, the respective outer ends in each coach body then being provided with a motor-coach head accommodating a driver's cab; the inner coaches do not have a driver's cab in that case.
  • the motive power unit is thus enabled for push-pull running.
  • the running-gear assemblies of the motive power unit according to the invention may be in single-axle construction in double-axle running-gear assemblies. The latter being arranged in bogies.
  • the drive unit which is preferably disposed underneath the motor-coach head, is a diesel-mechanical drive with a liquid-cooled diesel engine.
  • the latter drives the driven axles via a, preferably automatic, multi-speed transmission.
  • the transmission is disposed parallel and adjacent to the diesel engine. It is also possible for starting converters and retarders to be incorporated in the power transmission path between the drive unit and the drive axles.
  • At least one electric traction motor which is powered from a diesel generator or from a mains system via power lines or live rails.
  • the combination of a diesel-electric and a purely electric drive in one vehicle is furthermore also possible, so that, in practice, the changeover of the supply to the traction motors, which are in this case formed exclusively by electric motors, can take place by switching over from one source of energy--mains operation--to the other source of energy--isolated-network operation from the diesel-driven generator.
  • Disposing the drive units beneath the motor-coach heads, which are higher than the central parts, permits a modular design of the drive unit, thus offering the possibility of providing for installation of motors matched to the respective power requirement and of transmissions matched to these motors without this resulting in space problems or the need for structural modifications to the coach body.
  • the motive power unit according to the invention can be configured as a pure single-system vehicle or as a multi-system vehicle.
  • the multi-system motive power unit according to the invention is a vehicle for one or more alternative types of energy supply. It is possible to combine electric operation from the overhead AC system, electric operation from the DC system, and diesel-electric operation as operating variants. As a single-system vehicle provision is made for one of these operating variants, and a purely diesel-mechanical drive is thus possible in a single-system vehicle.
  • the vehicle can be used on non-electrified secondary lines independently of the overhead system.
  • the vehicle according to the invention can be operated from the overhead line by means of a drive path for operation from the AC system.
  • the vehicle according to the invention can be equipped with a drive path for operation from the DC system, allowing operation on city railways and underground railway lines with a DC supply, via a live rail or an overhead line for example.
  • One vehicle can furthermore contain a plurality of drive systems, each of which is embodied as a single- or multi-system drive. In the normal case, all the drive systems are identical but, depending on requirements, it is also possible to use different drive systems.
  • the multi-system vehicle according to the invention can be of single-section or multi-section configuration and be provided with one or more drive groups. Depending on its design, each drive group can be provided with one or more traction motors.
  • Each drive system can be divided into four parts, namely into the supply system comprising one or more supply paths, into the intermediate circuit, the supply for the auxiliaries, comprising one or more converters for the auxiliaries, for the purpose of supplying the respective auxiliaries and generating the required control voltages, and into the traction-motor the comprising one or more converters for driving the electric drive motors.
  • the supply for the auxiliaries and the traction-motor the are referred to below jointly as load.
  • the supply system comprises one or more feed paths, which are connected in parallel with the intermediate circuits and which can be used alternately to feed the intermediate circuit, and hence permits operation on different lines.
  • Appropriate paths can be provided depending on the requirements of the vehicle.
  • the possible feed paths are AC paths, DC paths with and without an interface circuit and generator paths. They are described in the following paragraphs.
  • the AC path comprises one or more current collectors, a transformer which steps down the overhead line voltage, and a converter or rectifier for generating the intermediate-circuit DC voltage.
  • a charging circuit for the controlled charging of the intermediate circuit and filter circuits may furthermore be provided, if required.
  • the DC path with interface circuit serves to feed the intermediate circuit from a live rail or an overhead DC line.
  • the DC path comprises one or more current collectors and an interface circuit (optionally, for example, with step-down converter, step-up converter, two-quadrant converter or some other kind) for adaptation of the live-rail voltage to the intermediate-circuit voltage.
  • a charging circuit and filter circuits may furthermore also be included, if required.
  • the interface circuit allows design for operation from systems with a very high DC voltage.
  • the DC voltage path without an interface circuit likewise serves to feed the intermediate circuit from a live rail or an overhead DC line with a mean DC voltage of, say, 750 V.
  • that circuit does not contain an interface circuit, so that the intermediate-circuit voltage and the live-rail voltage are coupled directly to one another.
  • the DC path includes current collectors and a switch for disconnecting the intermediate circuit from the live rail.
  • a charging circuit and filter circuits may also be included.
  • the generator path serves to feed the intermediate circuit independently of electricity supply systems from a generator driven by an internal combustion engine (e.g. diesel engine).
  • an internal combustion engine e.g. diesel engine.
  • the essential parts provided are an internal combustion engine, a generator and a rectifier for feeding the intermediate circuit.
  • the intermediate circuit smoothes the currents supplied by the rectifiers, DC converters or four-quadrant converters in the various feed paths and it makes available a constant intermediate-circuit voltage.
  • the intermediate circuit essentially comprises one or more intermediate-circuit capacitors.
  • a braking controller comprising a braking resistor and a switching element (transistor, IGBT, GTO or the like) is required in addition.
  • the supply system for the auxiliaries provide voltages to feed the auxiliaries and to supply the electronic equipment. It comprises one or more converters, which are fed from the intermediate circuit and which generate the corresponding voltages.
  • Auxiliaries are, for example, radiator fans, lighting, electric heating, air-conditioning systems, etc..
  • Electronic equipment includes, for example, control systems, monitoring systems, and instrumentation.
  • the traction-motor supply generates the voltage system--required for the drive motors--from the intermediate-circuit voltage.
  • the supply essentially comprises one or more converters, each of which feeds one or more traction motors.
  • Three-phase or DC machines can be used as traction motors.
  • three-phase inverters are used as converters to generate a three-phase system, and DC converters are used as converters to establish the required DC voltages.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a one-piece motor coach in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of a coach body of the motive power unit in accordance with FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial bottom plan view of a motor-coach head
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an overview over the basic structure of a single- or multiple-system drive
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram for an AC supply for a motor coach in accordance with FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram for a DC supply with an interface circuit with a step-down converter
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram for a DC supply with an interface circuit with a step-up converter
  • FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram for a DC supply without an interface circuit
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic circuit for a generator acted upon by an internal combustion engine
  • FIG. 10 is diagram of an intermediate circuit with a braking controller
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram of an exemplary auxiliary operating supply
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram of an exemplary path for traction-motor supply with two traction motors
  • FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration for a drive unit for a dual-mode vehicle for electric AC operation and diesel-electric operation;
  • FIG. 14 shows a schematic side elevational view of a four-part motive power unit in accordance with FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 1 there is seen a motor coach 10 with a central part 12 and motor-coach heads 14, 15 adjoining the latter at the ends.
  • the central part 12 has respective entry zones 16 with doors 18, which are in each case adjoined by the motor coach heads 14, 15.
  • the motor coach 10 has two running-gear assemblies 20, which are constructed as motor bogies.
  • the bogies are illustrated in the enlarged bottom view of FIG. 3.
  • the running-gear assemblies 20 are arranged underneath the motor-coach heads 14, 15, which are at a higher level than the central part 12, thus making space for the wheel sets of the running-gear assemblies 20 and for the drive unit.
  • the central part 12 is offset relative to the raised head floors by its low-floor construction.
  • the entry zones 16 are thus as close to the ground as possible and passengers are enabled to enter and exit easily and quickly.
  • the motor-coach heads 14, 15 are provided in the region of the running-gear assemblies with a cladding which conceals the running-gear units and the drive units. This results in the impression of a low-slung vehicle.
  • FIG. 2 which shows a coach body 22 for the motive power unit 10 of FIG. 1, there is provided an elongated central region 24 corresponding to the central part 12 of FIG. 1, adjoining which at both ends there are head members 26 which are raised relative to the floor level of the central region 24.
  • the head members 26 correspond to the motor-coach heads 14, 15 and are provided for the purpose of accommodating respective driver's cabs.
  • the reason for the stepped offsetting of the head members 26 is that the respective drive units 28, illustrated in bottom view in FIG. 3, with the bogies 20 have to be accommodated here and, in particular, that a minimum clearance is necessary because of the wheel diameter required.
  • FIG. 3 shows a motor-coach head 15 of a single-system motor coach 10 from its underside, and, as can also be seen from FIG. 1, the respective running-gear assemblies 20 are arranged near to the entry zones 16, while the drive unit associated with the running-gear assembly 20 is arranged in the region remaining between the running-gear assembly and the end of the coach.
  • the drive unit 28 shown here comprises a water-cooled diesel engine 30 which is connected to the running-gear assembly 20 via a transmission 32, which is preferably designed as a multi-speed automatic transmission, and a drive shaft 34.
  • the coach body is preferably supported on the bogies by means of pneumatic springs, these being connected in series with wear-free, rubber-spring elements.
  • the rubber-spring elements here serve as emergency springs if the pneumatic springs are faulty.
  • a combined mechanical and hydraulic transmission of the motive power is provided with a view to operation which, on the one hand, is as comfortable as possible and, on the other hand, as economical and hence environmentally friendly as possible.
  • the components provided for this purpose utilize the principle of power distribution of power division, which is achieved with a differential converter.
  • This combines the advantages of two different systems of power transmission, namely that of hydrodynamic transmission and that of mechanical transmission.
  • the primary advantages of hydrodynamics are gentle and therefore largely wear-free starting with a high tractive output, in rapid starting acceleration without gear-changing and in virtually wear-free braking.
  • the primary advantages of the mechanical drive are found in the low-loss power transmission combined with high efficiency.
  • the invention herein utilizes the respective advantages in an optimized manner, in that the particular system is employed in the novel rail-borne motive power unit whenever they are at their most efficient and most economical.
  • the hydrodynamic system is used for starting.
  • the novel rail-borne motive power unit starts gently with a high tractive effort and accelerates rapidly without gear-changing.
  • the hydrodynamic system assumes the task of braking (about 80% of all braking operations) from all speeds to virtually 0 km/h (standstill).
  • the rail-borne motive power unit is braked gently but very effectively without brake wear and without the risk of so-called fading, i.e., without diminution of the braking action.
  • the mechanical system makes an increasing contribution to power transmission even during starting. As soon as the differential converter exceeds its maximum efficiency, its task is taken over completely by the mechanical system.
  • the hydraulic torque converter acts as a hydrodynamic retarder, which is connected upstream of the mechanical service brake. It is effective over the entire driving range, irrespective of whichever gear is engaged.
  • the kinetic energy of the vehicle is converted in the converter into heat and dissipated via the heat exchanger.
  • the result is substantially reduced wear and a longer service life for the brake linings, less braking noise and no noise from exhaust cutout brakes.
  • the differential converter which is provided for use with the rail-borne motive power unit according to the invention is a torque converter.
  • a planetary gear unit acting as a differential there is connected upstream thereof a planetary gear unit acting as a differential; the planetary gear is divided, for the purpose of power division, into an hydraulically acting and a purely mechanical component. Purely hydrodynamic power transmission is provided in this case only at the starting point in first gear. With increasing travel speed, an increasing proportion is transmitted mechanically (external power division). The proportion is 50/50 upon changing to second gear. All further gears are purely mechanical.
  • the structure of the differential converter/transmission block used with the novel rail-borne motive power unit is known per se.
  • a transmission of this kind is supplied as a finished component and integrated into the rail-borne motive power unit. It is a fully automatic hydrodynamic-mechanical transmission, the torque converter of which is used for acceleration and deceleration (braking).
  • the hydrodynamic converter is a birotary converter. Ahead of the converter there is connected the converter pump brake, the through-connection clutch, the differential gear unit for power splitting and the input clutch. Following the converter there is connected a planetary gear unit which combines the hydrodynamic and mechanical forces.
  • the third planetary gear unit is used to select the reverse gear and to direct the energy into the converter during braking.
  • a spring coupling at the input of the gear unit damps the vibrations of the engine.
  • the gear unit is shifted hydraulically; the gear-change commands originate from the electronic control system.
  • the heat exchanger is incorporated into the cooling circuit of the engine.
  • the engine is connected to the drive shaft and a revolving plate and piston carrier via a torsional damper. With the input clutch disengaged, only one gear pump is driven, supplying the converter, the control system and the lubricating system with the necessary pressurized oil.
  • the engine power is transmitted to the outer ring of the differential.
  • the input shaft and the planet carrier connected thereto are stationary while the sun wheel and the pump impeller are driven in opposite directions of rotation via the planet wheels.
  • the oil accelerated by the pump impeller flows in the closed circuit through the stator and through the turbine rotor.
  • the converted, i.e., increased, torque output by the turbine rotor is transmitted to the output shaft via the planet wheels and the planet carrier of the turbine transmission, the multi-disk brake of which is engaged.
  • the change to second gear with purely mechanical power transmission is performed automatically in dependence on the travel speed and the engine charge.
  • the multi-disk brake is engaged and the pump impeller thus halted and hence hydrodynamic power transmission switched off.
  • the turbine rotor is disconnected by the opening of the multi-disk brake of the turbine transmission.
  • the transmission ratio of the second gear corresponds to that of the differential.
  • the input clutch opens automatically, while the so-called through-connection clutch engages.
  • the input shaft is thus connected directly to the output shaft, and a transmission ratio of 1:1 is established.
  • the input clutch can disengage automatically at just 50%, approximately, of the maximum speed while the through-connection clutch engages and the input shaft is thus connected directly to the output shaft and a transmission ratio of 1:1 likewise results.
  • the automatic changeover from third to fourth gear takes place at about 70% of the maximum speed.
  • the clutch engages, while the through-connection clutch disengages.
  • This gear makes it possible to use the same final drive ratio irrespective of the application, while taking into account the specific design speed in each case.
  • gears transmission ratios
  • the turbine rotor is driven by the overrunning vehicle via the planetary gear unit.
  • the multi-disk brake of the planetary gear unit is engaged.
  • the turbine rotor is driven counter to its direction of rotation in the case of travel in first gear and acts as an axial pump which pumps the oil against the locked pump impeller and the stator.
  • the kinetic energy which is converted into heat during this process is dissipated via the heat exchanger.
  • the converter block described above is combined with any water-cooled or air-cooled, charge-regulated or speed-regulated diesel engine which is conventional in the pertinent art to give a complete drive block.
  • any water-cooled or air-cooled, charge-regulated or speed-regulated diesel engine which is conventional in the pertinent art to give a complete drive block.
  • the AC path serves to provide the intermediate-circuit energy from the AC overhead-line system (e.g. 15 kV, 162/3 Hz).
  • it comprises a current collector (SA), a power switch (LS), a filter circuit (Lf, Cf), a transformer (TR), a charging circuit (RL, LD), a main contactor (HS) and a four-quadrant converter (Q4S).
  • each drive unit can be supplied by its own pantograph, one pantograph per vehicle can be used to supply all the drive units, or a plurality of interconnected and alternately operated pantographs for the common supply of all the drive units in the vehicle can be used.
  • FIG. 5 the embodiment with one pantograph per drive unit is shown.
  • the power switch (LS) allows for the complete disconnection of the AC path from the mains.
  • a filter circuit which comprises a filter inductor (Lf) and a filter capacitor (Cf) which are operated ahead of the transformer (TR) directly on the mains.
  • the transformer (TR) converts the high overhead-line voltage to lower values, the transformation ratio being chosen in such a way that the transformer voltage is below the minimum permissible intermediate-circuit voltage in the case of loading, thus allowing the following four-quadrant converter to be operated at all times as a step-up converter.
  • the transformer (TR) can be embodied with increased leakage inductance.
  • a transformer (TR) of this kind has the function of a series inductor relative to the mains.
  • the four-quadrant converter (4QS) operates as a step-up converter. Together with the intermediate-circuit capacitor and the discrete longitudinal inductor or longitudinal inductor designed as a leakage inductor, it converts the alternating voltage applied to its input into a higher DC voltage. At the same time, it can be controlled in such a way that it takes only sinusoidal currents free from reactive power from the mains. In addition, it allows the braking energy to be fed back into the mains during braking.
  • the charging circuit is used to charge the intermediate circuit from the mains. It is necessary with most of the four-quadrant converters which can be used, in order to permit controlled charging in the case of a discharged intermediate circuit.
  • the charging circuit comprises a charging contactor (LD) and a charging resistor (RL).
  • the main contactor (HS) is used to bridge the charging circuit. During operation, the main contactor (HS) is closed and the charging circuit remains inactive.
  • the DC path comprises a current collector (SA), a DC converter for adapting the rail voltage to the intermediate-circuit voltage (TT, DT, LT and LH, TH, DH), a main contactor (HS), a charging circuit (LD, RL) and a filter circuit (Lf, Cf).
  • SA current collector
  • HS main contactor
  • LD, RL charging circuit
  • Lf, Cf filter circuit
  • Embodiments with step-up converters and step-down converters are described below. Other embodiments, with different DC converters are conceivable, thus, for example, with a two-quadrant converter, which would allow feedback of energy.
  • FIG. 6 shows the circuit of this path with a step-down converter
  • FIG. 7 shows the circuit with a step-up converter.
  • the charging circuit serves to charge up the intermediate circuit from the mains. It comprises a charging contactor (LD) and a charging resistor (RL).
  • a main contactor (HS) serves to bridge the charging circuit. During operation, it is closed and the charging circuit remains inactive.
  • a filter circuit may be required to suppress the harmonics generated by the DC converter.
  • This filter circuit comprises a filter inductor (Lf) and a filter capacitor (Cf).
  • Other filter circuits are likewise possible.
  • a step-up converter can be used as the DC converter.
  • the step-up converter comprises an inductor (LH), a switching element (transistor, IGBT, GTO; TH) and a diode (DH). Together with the intermediate-circuit capacitor, the converter generates a higher intermediate-circuit voltage from the live-rail voltage. It draws from the mains a substantially constant current, the level of which is dependent on the power transmitted. It seems possible that a filter circuit can be dispensed with when using the step-up converter or that this filter circuit may be made correspondingly smaller.
  • a step-up converter does not permit any energy feedback into the mains, so that a braking controller is necessary in the intermediate circuit in all cases if an electric brake is desired.
  • a step-down converter can be used as the DC converter.
  • This too comprises an inductor (LT), a switching element (TT) and a diode (DT). Together with the intermediate-circuit capacitor, it generates from the live-rail voltage a lower intermediate-circuit voltage, which makes it suitable for mains with very high DC voltages. It draws a pulsating current from the mains, making a filter circuit necessary in all cases.
  • a step-down converter does not permit any energy feedback into the mains, either, and a braking controller is likewise required in the intermediate circuit if an electric brake is desired.
  • FIG. 8 shows the structure of a DC path without an interface circuit.
  • SA current collector
  • HS main circuit-breaker
  • LD charging circuit
  • RL filter circuit
  • SA current collector
  • the charging circuit serves to charge the intermediate circuit from the mains. It comprises a charging contactor (LD) and a charging resistor (RL).
  • the main contactor (HS) serves to bridge the charging circuit. During operation, it is closed and the charging circuit remains inactive.
  • a filter circuit may be required to suppress any harmonics which may occur.
  • the filter circuit comprises only the filter inductor (Lf).
  • the intermediate-circuit capacitor takes on the function of the filter capacitor.
  • Other filter circuits are conceivable.
  • the generator path depicted in FIG. 9 serves to supply the intermediate circuit from a generator, which is driven by an internal combustion engine, preferably a diesel engine. It includes a driving internal combustion engine (D), redirecting gears (UG) if required, a three-phase generator (G) and a three-phase rectifier (GR). As noted, a diesel engine is preferably used as the internal combustion engine.
  • D driving internal combustion engine
  • UG redirecting gears
  • G three-phase generator
  • GR three-phase rectifier
  • a diesel engine is preferably used as the internal combustion engine.
  • the internal combustion engine (D) generates the energy required for driving. It can be operated continuously at the optimum point since the speed of travel and the speed of the internal combustion engine are decoupled. Again, a diesel engine is most suitable in this context.
  • redirecting gears are required because of the spatial configuration.
  • the gears can also be used to match different optimum speeds of the internal combustion engine and the generator to one another.
  • the generator (G) is a three-phase generator, which converts the rotary energy generated by the internal combustion engine into electrical energy.
  • the voltage generated must be high enough to enable the desired intermediate-circuit voltage to be achieved by simple rectification and to be kept in the permissible range even under load.
  • the rectifier (GR) is preferably a simple, three-phase, non-regulated semiconductor bridge rectifier.
  • the intermediate circuit with braking controller illustrated in FIG. 10 has the task of smoothing the currents supplied by the rectifiers, DC converters or four-quadrant converters of the supply paths and to make available a constant intermediate-circuit voltage.
  • the circuit of FIG. 10 thus comprises an intermediate-circuit capacitor (CZK), possibly an auxiliary tuned circuit (LS, CS) and, if required, a braking controller, comprising a braking resistor (RBS) and a switching element (transistor, IGBT, GTO; TBS). It the braking controller is omitted, then there is provided in its stead a (non-illustrated) discharge resistor, which permits a defined discharge of the intermediate circuit.
  • CZK intermediate-circuit capacitor
  • LS, CS auxiliary tuned circuit
  • a braking controller comprising a braking resistor (RBS) and a switching element (transistor, IGBT, GTO; TBS). It the braking controller is omitted, then there is provided in its stead
  • a capacitor bank of appropriate size and dielectric strength is used as the intermediate-circuit capacitor (C2K).
  • an auxiliary tuned circuit matched to the frequency of the feed currents can be used to provide additional support for the intermediate-circuit voltage.
  • the auxiliary tuned circuit comprises a series circuit made up of an inductor (LS) and a capacitor (CS).
  • the braking controller comprises a resistor (RBS) which can be connected up via a switching element (transistor, IGBT or GTO; TBS). Its task is to consume the braking energy absorbed during electric braking if it is not possible to feed the energy back into the mains.
  • RBS resistor
  • IGBT or GTO switching element
  • a braking controller is required, inter alia, if an electric brake is desired and, at the same time, a generator path or a DC path with an interface circuit not capable of energy recovery (step-down, step-up, step-up/step-down converter) is used or if, given the desire for an electric brake, mains not capable of receiving are to be expected in electrical operation. In general, a possibility of energy recovery should be given preference over the use of a braking controller.
  • a (non-illustrated) discharge resistor which can be connected through a contactor or semiconductor switch is required to enable the intermediate circuit to be discharged when the vehicle is parked.
  • the discharge resistor can be made significantly weaker than the braking resistor because it needs to convert only very small amounts of energy.
  • the auxiliary-operation supply supplies voltages to feed the auxiliaries (e.g. 3 ⁇ 400 V) and supply the electronic equipment (e.g. 24 V). It essentially comprises one or more converters, which are fed from the intermediate circuit and which generate the corresponding voltages.
  • auxiliary converters have the same structure in principle as the traction inverter of three-phase motors in traction-motor supply.
  • the voltages produced by the auxiliary converters are frequently used to generate further voltages, e.g. control voltages for supplying the vehicle electronics.
  • a frequently employed system for auxiliary supply is illustrated in FIG. 12.
  • the system shown there comprises auxiliary converters with control-voltage generation on the output side.
  • the complete system is commercially available as a unit. Modifications are possible as required.
  • the auxiliary frequency converter shown herein is a three-phase inverter.
  • the inverter generates, from the intermediate-circuit voltage, the voltage required for the auxiliaries (e.g. 3 ⁇ 400 V three-phase current).
  • the control-voltage generating means From the voltage for the auxiliaries, the control-voltage generating means generates the control voltage for the supply to the vehicle electronics.
  • the control-voltage generating means it is possible, for example, to use a transformer with a rectifier connected to its output. The control voltage is frequently buffered through a battery.
  • the traction-motor supply serves to generate the voltage system required for the traction motors from the intermediate-circuit voltage. It comprises one or more converters (SR), each of which supplies one or more traction motors (M).
  • FIG. 11 shows as an example one path of the traction-motor supply, with a three-phase inverter for the supply of two three-phase traction motors. There can be more than one such path.
  • the converters (SR) From the intermediate-path voltage, the converters (SR) generate the rotating field required for driving the motors (M) connected thereto.
  • IGBT, transistor or GTO converters can be used, depending on the power required.
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 a four-section vehicle with two drive units and six driven axles is considered as an example of a possible embodiment of a dual-mode vehicle with a combined drive for electric AC operation and diesel-electric operation.
  • the vehicle of the example is configured as a dual-mode vehicle for AC operation on the overhead mains and for mains-independent diesel-electric operation.
  • FIG. 13 shows a drive unit for a vehicle of this kind.
  • the schematic of FIG. 14 contains two of the drive units in the vehicle.
  • the switchover between the operating modes is accomplished by disengagement from one operating mode and subsequent re-engagement in the new operating mode. It is not necessary to discharge the intermediate circuit in the interim, thus speeding up the switchover operation.
  • the only prerequisite is that the vehicle should be equipped for both operating modes and that the prerequisites for both operating modes should be present during the switchover operation.
  • the switchover operation can take place either while the vehicle is stationary or, given appropriate coordination, also while the vehicle is under way. In all cases, however, the drive and the supply to the auxiliaries must be switched off during the switchover operation, with the result that the vehicle may be coasting during the switchover operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
  • Automatic Cycles, And Cycles In General (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Package Frames And Binding Bands (AREA)
  • Non-Reversible Transmitting Devices (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Escalators And Moving Walkways (AREA)
  • Platform Screen Doors And Railroad Systems (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
  • Brushes (AREA)
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US08/654,533 1994-09-30 1996-05-29 Rail-borne motive power unit Expired - Fee Related US5735215A (en)

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DE9415770U DE9415770U1 (de) 1994-09-30 1994-09-30 Schienengebundenes Dieseltriebfahrzeug
DE9415770U 1994-11-30

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DE9415770U1 (de) 1994-12-15
ATE217269T1 (de) 2002-05-15
NO962160L (no) 1996-05-28
CA2177628A1 (en) 1996-04-11
CN1094850C (zh) 2002-11-27
HUT76206A (en) 1997-07-28
ES2177661T3 (es) 2002-12-16
NO320244B1 (no) 2005-11-14
PL314690A1 (en) 1996-09-16
CZ294326B6 (cs) 2004-11-10
RU2165862C2 (ru) 2001-04-27
AU3652795A (en) 1996-04-26
CA2177628C (en) 1999-12-07
DK0730539T3 (da) 2002-09-02
CZ155696A3 (en) 1996-12-11
EP0730539A1 (de) 1996-09-11
PT730539E (pt) 2002-11-29
HU220730B1 (hu) 2002-05-28
FI963878A (fi) 1996-09-27
FI963878A0 (fi) 1996-09-27
WO1996010508A1 (de) 1996-04-11
EP0730539B1 (de) 2002-05-08
HU9601446D0 (en) 1996-07-29
FI112633B (fi) 2003-12-31
BR9506392A (pt) 1997-09-16
AU695254B2 (en) 1998-08-13
KR100189678B1 (ko) 1999-06-01
DE59510201D1 (de) 2002-06-13
NO962160D0 (no) 1996-05-28
CN1136296A (zh) 1996-11-20
JPH09505786A (ja) 1997-06-10

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