US5676433A - Device for estimating side slide velocity of vehicle compatible with rolling and cant - Google Patents

Device for estimating side slide velocity of vehicle compatible with rolling and cant Download PDF

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Publication number
US5676433A
US5676433A US08/731,915 US73191596A US5676433A US 5676433 A US5676433 A US 5676433A US 73191596 A US73191596 A US 73191596A US 5676433 A US5676433 A US 5676433A
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side slide
vehicle body
slide velocity
velocity signal
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Shoji Inagaki
Mizuho Sugiyama
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/17—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
    • B60T8/172—Determining control parameters used in the regulation, e.g. by calculations involving measured or detected parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/17—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
    • B60T8/1755—Brake regulation specially adapted to control the stability of the vehicle, e.g. taking into account yaw rate or transverse acceleration in a curve
    • B60T8/17551—Brake regulation specially adapted to control the stability of the vehicle, e.g. taking into account yaw rate or transverse acceleration in a curve determining control parameters related to vehicle stability used in the regulation, e.g. by calculations involving measured or detected parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W40/00—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
    • B60W40/10—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to vehicle motion
    • B60W40/103—Side slip angle of vehicle body
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/05—Attitude
    • B60G2400/052—Angular rate
    • B60G2400/0523—Yaw rate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/10—Acceleration; Deceleration
    • B60G2400/104—Acceleration; Deceleration lateral or transversal with regard to vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/20—Speed
    • B60G2400/204—Vehicle speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/20—Speed
    • B60G2400/204—Vehicle speed
    • B60G2400/2042—Lateral speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
    • B60G2400/60—Load
    • B60G2400/63—Location of the center of gravity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2600/00—Indexing codes relating to particular elements, systems or processes used on suspension systems or suspension control systems
    • B60G2600/16—Integrating means, i.e. integral control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2800/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
    • B60G2800/01—Attitude or posture control
    • B60G2800/012—Rolling condition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2800/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
    • B60G2800/01—Attitude or posture control
    • B60G2800/012—Rolling condition
    • B60G2800/0124—Roll-over conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2800/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
    • B60G2800/21—Traction, slip, skid or slide control
    • B60G2800/212—Transversal; Side-slip during cornering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2800/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
    • B60G2800/70—Estimating or calculating vehicle parameters or state variables
    • B60G2800/702—Improving accuracy of a sensor signal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2800/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
    • B60G2800/90—System Controller type
    • B60G2800/92—ABS - Brake Control
    • B60G2800/922—EBV - Electronic brake force distribution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2230/00—Monitoring, detecting special vehicle behaviour; Counteracting thereof
    • B60T2230/02—Side slip angle, attitude angle, floating angle, drift angle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W2050/0001—Details of the control system
    • B60W2050/0019—Control system elements or transfer functions
    • B60W2050/002—Integrating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/10—Longitudinal speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/12—Lateral speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/12—Lateral speed
    • B60W2520/125—Lateral acceleration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/14—Yaw
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/20—Sideslip angle

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for estimating side slide velocity of a vehicle such as an automobile.
  • the vehicle stability control aimed at improving stability of running behavior of the vehicle, particularly the stability thereof against spin and drift-out during turn driving along a curved course or in driving on an irregularly slippery road, is receiving high attention of automobile engineers. In conducting such vehicle stability controls, it is generally required to know side slide velocity of the vehicle body.
  • the side slide velocity is most conveniently obtained from lateral acceleration, yaw rate and longitudinal velocity of the vehicle body such that difference between the lateral acceleration and product of the yaw rate and the longitudinal velocity, i.e. side slide acceleration, is integrated on time basis.
  • lateral acceleration sensor it is convenient to employ a pendulum element responsive to lateral acceleration under biasing to zero position by gravity.
  • the lateral acceleration detected by the sensor includes apparent acceleration components due to a rolling of the vehicle body and a cant of road surface, in addition to certain generally unavoidable perpetual offset of the device. Therefore, when the difference between the lateral acceleration and the product of yaw rate and longitudinal velocity is integrated on time basis, a larger error can occur in the estimation of the side slide velocity due to accumulation of errors based upon apparent acceleration components.
  • the present invention proposes a device for estimating side slide velocity of a vehicle having a vehicle body and front and rear wheels, comprising:
  • the lateral acceleration component due to a rolling of the vehicle body or a cant of road surface is considered to be of low frequency as compared with the lateral acceleration due to the running instability of the vehicle which is to be controlled by the stability control devices incorporating the side slide velocity estimation device of the present invention.
  • the side slide velocity signal thus obtained is made free of the influence of rolling of the vehicle body or cant of the road surface.
  • a low frequency side slide velocity will also be desired in controlling the vehicle against a more slowly progressive instability, particularly anticipated to occur in drift-out.
  • the present invention proposes a device for estimating side slide velocity of a vehicle having a vehicle body and front and rear wheels, comprising:
  • a means for summing said first and second side slide velocity signals to produce a final side slide velocity signal a means for summing said first and second side slide velocity signals to produce a final side slide velocity signal.
  • an estimation of side slide velocity of the vehicle body is available based upon the lateral acceleration detected by said lateral acceleration detection means without going through integration of the lateral acceleration, and therefore, an accumulation of the low frequency apparent components included in the detected lateral acceleration is avoided.
  • the slip angle of the front or rear wheels is, since it is estimated based upon the lateral acceleration detected by said lateral acceleration detection means, immune to high frequency irregularities of road surface conditions, it is more desirable that said second side slide velocity signal is processed through a low pass filter so that only low frequency components are compensated for, without doubling on or interfering with the high frequency components estimated as said first side slide velocity.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a vehicle in which the side slide velocity estimation device according to the present is incorporated in the form of an embodiment together with a brake control means and a brake means for carrying out a vehicle stability control;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of a further detail of the side slide velocity estimation device shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of the calculation process conducted by the device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a part of the calculation process of FIG. 3 in more detail.
  • FIG. 5 is a map for referring to in the process of FIG. 4.
  • the side slide velocity estimation device 12 is incorporated in a vehicle 10 diagrammatically illustrated by front left, front right, rear left and rear right wheels 18FL, 18FR, 18RL and 18RR.
  • the block of the side slide velocity estimation device 12 may be deemed to also represent the body of the vehicle, if necessary.
  • the side slide velocity estimation device 12 is supplied with various signals such as a signal representing steering angle ⁇ of the front wheels 18FL and 18FR from a steering angle sensor 20, a signal representing vehicle speed V to be used as the longitudinal velocity of the vehicle body from a vehicle speed sensor 24, a signal representing yaw rate ⁇ from a yaw rate sensor 26, and a signal representing lateral acceleration Gy of the vehicle body from a lateral acceleration sensor 22.
  • the vehicle is equipped with a brake control means 14 which conducts certain stability control calculations based upon various signals including the signal of side slide velocity of the vehicle body received from the side slide velocity estimation device 12, and controls brake means 16 so as to apply controlled braking to selected one or ones of the wheels 18FL-18RR for certain vehicle stability control.
  • a brake control means 14 which conducts certain stability control calculations based upon various signals including the signal of side slide velocity of the vehicle body received from the side slide velocity estimation device 12, and controls brake means 16 so as to apply controlled braking to selected one or ones of the wheels 18FL-18RR for certain vehicle stability control.
  • the side slide velocity estimation device 12 comprises a high frequency component calculation means 30 for calculating high frequency components of side slide velocity of the vehicle body, a low frequency component calculation means 32 for calculating low frequency components of side slide velocity of the vehicle body, and a side slide velocity calculation means 34 for calculating a final side slide velocity to be estimated by the side slide velocity estimation device 12 based upon signal VyH received from the high frequency component calculation means 30 and signal VyL received from the low frequency component calculation means 32, as described in detail hereinbelow.
  • FIGS. 3-5 the present invention will be described from the aspect of operation thereof.
  • step 10 The calculation operation shown in the flowchart of FIG. 3 is started by an ignition switch (not shown) of the vehicle in which the present device is installed being closed, so as to be cyclically repeated at a cycle time such as tens of micro-seconds.
  • step 10 signals such as steering angle ⁇ and others are read in.
  • step 20 a compensation amount Ca is calculated. The detail of this parameter is described later with reference to FIG. 4.
  • step 30 the production of the signal VyH output from the high frequency component calculation means 30 is carried out as follows:
  • the value of lateral acceleration Gy detected by a conventional sensor includes apparent acceleration components due to a rolling of the vehicle body, a cant of road surface, perpetual offset of the sensor, etc. Therefore, if Gy-V* ⁇ is directly integrated, the integration will overflow, and a correct estimation of lateral acceleration is not available. Therefore, Gy-V* ⁇ , is integrated as follow:
  • VyH (n) is the side slide velocity to be obtain through a cyclic calculation of formula 1 by a cycle time ⁇ T.
  • VyH (n-1) is the value in the previous cycle corresponding to VyH (n).
  • (Gy-V* ⁇ ) is integrated on time basis, wherein, however, by subtracting an amount VyH (n-1)*R each time, integration of certain low frequency components, such as those due to a rolling of the vehicle body, a cant of road surface and perpetual offsets of the lateral acceleration sensor, yaw rate sensor and longitudinal speed sensor, is canceled such that no undue overflow of integration occurs due to accumulation of those low frequency components.
  • step 21 a map such as shown in FIG. 5 is looked at with the absolute value of Gy for obtaining a filtering factor Kt for designing the effect of the cant based upon the magnitude of lateral acceleration.
  • step 22 the value of Ca is cyclically modified based upon (Gy-V* ⁇ ) according to the value of Kt as follow:
  • stop 40 in order to make the second estimation of the side slide velocity, denoting longitudinal distances between the center of gravity of the vehicle body and the axes of the front and rear wheels as La and Lb, respectively, and yaw acceleration, i.e. differential of yaw rate ), as ⁇ as ⁇ , the lateral acceleration at the front and rear wheels, Gyf and Gyr, are calculated as follows:
  • step 50 the following calculations are made:
  • ⁇ f and ⁇ r are slip angles of the front and rear wheels, respectively, and ⁇ is steering angle of the front wheels, based upon the assumption that the vehicle is steered at the front wheels.
  • Vy calculated by formula 7 should conform to Vy calculated by formula 8.
  • Cpf and Cpr are the cornering powers of the front and rear wheels, respectively, and Ff and Fr are side forces applied to the front and rear wheels, respectively, which are estimated as follows:
  • Mf and Mr are shares of the total mass of the vehicle body estimated to be supported by the front and rear wheels, respectively.
  • Vyf and Vyr will generally no longer conform to one another, because the assumption by formulae 11and 12 was incorporated such that the side forces acting at the wheels are each proportional to the slip angle, although this assumption is lost as the slip angle increases.
  • step 60 it is judged if the vehicle is making a left turn.
  • the control proceeds to step 70, whereas when the answer is no, the control proceeds to step 80, where it is assumed that the vehicle is making a right turn, as the stability controls herein concerned are generally conducted to stabilize the turn behavior of the vehicle.
  • the notation means that either Vyf or Vyr having a smaller value is selected for use, as Vyg. This selection is made to use either Vyf or Vyr having a smaller value, in view of the assumption introduced by formulae 11and 12, from which it is estimated that the smaller one of Vyf and Vyr is less departed from the linearity of side force vs. slip angle of wheel, and is therefore more correct.
  • the notation means that either Vyf or Vyr having a larger value is selected. This inversion against step 70 is only due to the mathematical convenience that the parameters having direction of turn are made positive for left turn and negative for right turn.
  • step 90 it is judge if the absolute value of ⁇ Vyg, i.e. the change of Vyg in the current calculation cycle from the previous calculation cycle, is greater than a limit value Kd provided for the purpose of restricting the calculation against overflowing.
  • Kd a limit value provided for the purpose of restricting the calculation against overflowing.
  • step 110 the side slide velocity Vyg thus obtained is treated for filtering out certain low frequency components thereof for use, by appropriately determining filtering factor K, as follow:
  • the side slide velocity VyL thus obtained represents low frequency components of the side slide velocity of the vehicle body at the center of gravity thereof, to be responsive to a slow side sliding of the vehicle body such as in a gradual drift-out, without causing overflow of the signal, as no time-based integration is incorporated therein.
  • step 120 the side slide velocity signal for output is calculated as follows:
  • the side slide velocity estimation device of the present invention may be constructed to calculate only Vyf or Vyr instead of calculating both of these two so as to provide the final output signal as a sum of VyH and VyL, the latter being obtained only from calculation of either Vyf or Vyr.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
US08/731,915 1995-10-25 1996-10-22 Device for estimating side slide velocity of vehicle compatible with rolling and cant Expired - Lifetime US5676433A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP7300686A JP3008833B2 (ja) 1995-10-25 1995-10-25 車体の横滑り速度推定装置
JP7-300686 1995-10-25

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EP (1) EP0770529B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP3008833B2 (ja)
DE (1) DE69617876T2 (ja)

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US6015020A (en) * 1996-05-10 2000-01-18 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Gear shift control device of automatic transmission for variable stage upshift against wheel slip
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US6349256B1 (en) * 1998-09-09 2002-02-19 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Turning behavior state detecting system for vehicle
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JPH09118212A (ja) 1997-05-06
EP0770529A2 (en) 1997-05-02
EP0770529B1 (en) 2001-12-12
DE69617876T2 (de) 2002-08-29
DE69617876D1 (de) 2002-01-24
JP3008833B2 (ja) 2000-02-14
EP0770529A3 (en) 1998-05-13

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