US5672998A - Class D amplifier and method - Google Patents

Class D amplifier and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US5672998A
US5672998A US08/512,763 US51276395A US5672998A US 5672998 A US5672998 A US 5672998A US 51276395 A US51276395 A US 51276395A US 5672998 A US5672998 A US 5672998A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pulse width
audio
width modulated
amplifier
signal
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Expired - Fee Related
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US08/512,763
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English (en)
Inventor
Harold Allen Wittlinger
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Red Chip Co Ltd
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Harris Corp
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Priority to US08/512,763 priority Critical patent/US5672998A/en
Assigned to HARRIS CORPORATION reassignment HARRIS CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WITTLINGER, HAROLD ALLEN
Priority to KR1019960032750A priority patent/KR970013651A/ko
Priority to EP96401739A priority patent/EP0758164A1/fr
Priority to JP8208001A priority patent/JPH09121128A/ja
Priority to CN96109421A priority patent/CN1145551A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US5672998A publication Critical patent/US5672998A/en
Assigned to INTERSIL CORPORATION reassignment INTERSIL CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HARRIS CORPORATION
Assigned to CREDIT SUISSE FIRST BOSTON, AS COLLATERAL AGENT reassignment CREDIT SUISSE FIRST BOSTON, AS COLLATERAL AGENT SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: INTERSIL CORPORATION
Assigned to RED CHIP COMPANY LTD., (A BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS CORPORATION) reassignment RED CHIP COMPANY LTD., (A BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS CORPORATION) ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: INTERSIL CORPORATION, (A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
Assigned to RED CHIP COMPANY LTD. reassignment RED CHIP COMPANY LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: INTERSIL CORPORATION
Assigned to RED CHIP COMPANY LTD (A BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS CORPORATION) reassignment RED CHIP COMPANY LTD (A BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS CORPORATION) CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE TO REMOVE INCORRECT SERIAL NOS. 09/073,111 AND 09/183,379 AND 09/437,939 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 011044 FRAME 0101. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT. Assignors: INTERSIL CORPORATION (A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
    • H03F3/21—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H03F3/217—Class D power amplifiers; Switching amplifiers
    • H03F3/2171—Class D power amplifiers; Switching amplifiers with field-effect devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
    • H03F3/21—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H03F3/217—Class D power amplifiers; Switching amplifiers
    • H03F3/2173—Class D power amplifiers; Switching amplifiers of the bridge type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to amplifiers for audio systems, and more particularly to an improved feedback loop in a Class D amplifier that has less distortion.
  • Class D amplifiers are known and only their feedback portion is of interest herein.
  • a Class D amplifier may include conventional stages utilizing integrated circuit (IC) technology in which the complex driver function for the output bridge may be provided by a single IC, such as the Harris® HIP4080 family of ICs.
  • IC integrated circuit
  • a feedback loop for the amplifier typically includes a differential-to-single-ended converter for providing a pulsed sample of the output signal which is then integrated with the audio input signal, and then pulse width modulated to provide an input signal to the amplifier.
  • the feedback loop is generally defined by the circuits connecting the converter, the integrator, and pulse width modulator. Because the feedback loop includes both integration and pulse width modulation stages, it includes the problems associated therewith.
  • integration and “integrator” refers to the integration customarily found in the feedback loop of an audio feedback amplifier and not to the integration needed for phase or frequency compensation typically provided by inverters.
  • the output circuit 10 includes a conventional amplifier 11 and two one-half bridge driver circuits for a speaker.
  • the customary output filters associated with the speaker have been omitted from the figure.
  • the feedback path of the audio output signal from speaker in the output circuit 10 at the terminals 12 and 14 thereof includes a conventional differential-to-single-ended-converter 16 which provides a pulsed output signal.
  • This pulsed signal is integrated in a conventional integrator 18 where it is compared with the audio input signal from the input terminal 20.
  • the output from the integrator 18 is applied to a comparator or pulse width modulator 22 to which a modulating triangular waveform from the generator 24 is also applied.
  • the modulator 22 thus provides complementary pulse width modulated signals A and B to the output circuit 10.
  • the integration process carried out in the feedback loop is bandwidth limiting and the performance of Class D amplifiers may be improved by avoiding this problem.
  • the problem arises because the pulsed output from the differential-to-single-ended-converter must be removed from the signal in the feedback loop. This means that there is minimal correction of high frequencies by the feedback loop, thereby increasing distortion of the signal. Moreover, undesired residual signals from the pulse output may be reapplied in the pulse width modulator 22.
  • the amplifier and associated driving circuits may be considered a wideband power amplifier, thereby obviating the need for integration in the feedback loop altogether.
  • the signals fed back to the amplifier may be pulsed signals and the feedback treated accordingly in the amplifier.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial circuit and partial block diagram of a Class D amplifier of the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial circuit and partial block diagram of one embodiment of the amplifier of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial circuit and partial block diagram of a second embodiment of the amplifier of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial circuit and partial block diagram of third embodiment of the amplifier of the present invention.
  • the pulse width modulated audio input signal from the modulator 22 is also applied to the amplifier 30, and the pulse width modulated output signal therefrom passed through one or more inverters as may be desired for amplification, buffering and proper phasing.
  • the integrator 18 of Figure has been removed from the feedback loop in this embodiment of the present invention.
  • the removal of the integrator from the feedback loop requires that the audio signal be pulse width modulated for comparison, but this may be accomplished outside of the feedback loop.
  • Both of the input signals to the summing amplifier 30 may be applied to a single terminal of the amplifier, with a reference voltage being applied to the other input. This avoids common mode input signal swings and the associated error components.
  • the input signals to each of the summing amplifier 30, the comparator 22 and the non-inverting amplifier 26 are all applied to a single terminal with a reference voltage applied to the other terminal to thereby improve common mode signal rejection. Because the audio input signal is compared at the input terminal of the comparator 22 with a resistive junction, the comparison is made at the same input signal level and the common mode input voltage range is not exercised.
  • the differential-to-single-ended-converter 16 of the prior art may also be removed from the feedback loop by treating each half of the bridge driver in the output circuit 10 as a separate channel.
  • all of the inverters are CMOS devices such as the Harris® CD 54/74 HCU04 inverter which typically has a gain of 16 or 24 dB. Because of the gain available with such inverters, the amplifier 30 may be eliminated.
  • CMOS inverters may be used with the embodiments of the other figures, but generally are not required.
  • CMOS inverters also permits the use of a digitally generated pulse width audio signal, suitably processed, as the input signal to the amplifier.
  • a suitable electronic switch may be used to substitute a digital source 36 such as a compact disc or CD for the illustrated audio amplifier 26 and modulator 22.
  • the use of an additional inverter may be used to provide the complementary signals A and B to the output circuit 10.
  • the digital source may provide two separate signals directly to the inverters at the input of the output circuit 10.
  • the pulse width modulated audio signal of the output terminal 32 is applied to two out of phase comparators 34 and 36 in a dual channel pulse width modulator 22 to thereby establish the complementary input signals A and B to the output circuit 10.
  • the two channels may receive separate audio input signals.
  • the operation of the switch SW2 may provide a completely independent pulse width modulated audio source 38 as the input source for the comparator or modulator 34 within the modulator 22.
  • the invertor 40 may of course be omitted with the reversal of the connections at the comparator 34.
  • the triangle waveform generator 24 needed for modulation may be common to both of the comparators 34 and 36 rather than associated with the audio sources as shown.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
US08/512,763 1995-08-09 1995-08-09 Class D amplifier and method Expired - Fee Related US5672998A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/512,763 US5672998A (en) 1995-08-09 1995-08-09 Class D amplifier and method
KR1019960032750A KR970013651A (ko) 1995-08-09 1996-08-06 개선된 d급 증폭기 및 방법
EP96401739A EP0758164A1 (fr) 1995-08-09 1996-08-06 Amplificateur amélioré classe D et méthode
JP8208001A JPH09121128A (ja) 1995-08-09 1996-08-07 改良されたクラスｄ増幅器および方法
CN96109421A CN1145551A (zh) 1995-08-09 1996-08-09 改进的d类放大器及其实现方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/512,763 US5672998A (en) 1995-08-09 1995-08-09 Class D amplifier and method

Publications (1)

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US5672998A true US5672998A (en) 1997-09-30

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US08/512,763 Expired - Fee Related US5672998A (en) 1995-08-09 1995-08-09 Class D amplifier and method

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5672998A (fr)
EP (1) EP0758164A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH09121128A (fr)
KR (1) KR970013651A (fr)
CN (1) CN1145551A (fr)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5848147A (en) * 1995-11-29 1998-12-08 U.S. Philips Corporation Terminal for wirebound telecommunication
US6118336A (en) * 1998-10-30 2000-09-12 Intersil Corporation Start-up circuit for self oscillating class D modulator
US6127885A (en) * 1998-08-31 2000-10-03 Cello, Limited Class D amplifiers including transition zone modulation
US6211735B1 (en) * 2000-01-21 2001-04-03 Harris Corporation RF power amplifier having improved power supply for RF drive circuits
US6294957B1 (en) * 2000-01-21 2001-09-25 Harris Corporation RF power amplifier having synchronous RF drive
US6346852B1 (en) * 1999-04-27 2002-02-12 Stmicroeletronics S.R.L. Class-D amplifier with enhanced bandwidth
US6597241B1 (en) * 1999-10-04 2003-07-22 Alcatel High performance audio transmission channel
US20030184376A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2003-10-02 Horst Knoedgen Class D amplifier energy control
US20040017252A1 (en) * 2002-07-24 2004-01-29 Katsumi Miyazaki Current chopper-type D class power amplifier
US6970503B1 (en) * 2000-04-21 2005-11-29 National Semiconductor Corporation Apparatus and method for converting analog signal to pulse-width-modulated signal
US20070109049A1 (en) * 2005-11-03 2007-05-17 Kuo-Hung Wu Filterless class d power amplifier
US20070140513A1 (en) * 2005-12-15 2007-06-21 Harman International Industries, Incorporated Distortion compensation
US20070146069A1 (en) * 2005-12-27 2007-06-28 Kuo-Hung Wu Filterless class D power amplifier
US20070273437A1 (en) * 2006-05-15 2007-11-29 Asahi Kasei Emd Corporation. Driving device
US20070290726A1 (en) * 2006-05-15 2007-12-20 Toshio Kaiho Driving device and driving method
US20090243745A1 (en) * 2008-04-01 2009-10-01 Silicon Laboratories Inc. System and method of shaping a power spectrum in pwm amplifiers
US20090243744A1 (en) * 2008-04-01 2009-10-01 Silicon Laboratories Inc. System and method of changing a pwm power spectrum
US20090243688A1 (en) * 2008-04-01 2009-10-01 Silicon Laboratories Inc. System and method of changing a pwm power spectrum
US8130128B2 (en) 2010-03-30 2012-03-06 Silicon Laboratores Inc. System and method for generating shaped noise
CN101527546B (zh) * 2008-03-07 2013-02-13 成都芯源系统有限公司 一种d类功率放大器

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5767740A (en) * 1996-09-27 1998-06-16 Harris Corporation Switching amplifier closed loop dual comparator modulation technique
IL129270A0 (en) * 1999-03-30 2000-02-17 Dip Digital Power Ltd Class "d" amplifier
US6404251B1 (en) * 2000-03-27 2002-06-11 Linear Technology Corporation Systems and methods for linearly varying a pulse-width modulation signal with a control signal
JP3776392B2 (ja) * 2002-10-03 2006-05-17 三菱電機株式会社 Ｄ級増幅器
JP4078543B2 (ja) * 2002-12-20 2008-04-23 ソニー株式会社 オーディオアンプ
US8243960B2 (en) * 2010-03-04 2012-08-14 Bose Corporation Planar audio amplifier output inductor with current sense

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4390849A (en) * 1980-05-07 1983-06-28 Itt Industries, Inc. Audio power amplifier with class-D push-pull output stage
US4458208A (en) * 1981-04-10 1984-07-03 Sony Corporation Pulse width modulated signal amplifier
US4968948A (en) * 1988-12-28 1990-11-06 Pioneer Electronic Corporation Pulse width modulation amplifier circuit

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5818804B2 (ja) * 1974-12-18 1983-04-14 ソニー株式会社 パルス幅変調増巾回路
EP0504460B1 (fr) * 1991-03-21 1995-02-01 Siemens Audiologische Technik GmbH Prothèse auditive avec un étage amplificateur de sortie à commutation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4390849A (en) * 1980-05-07 1983-06-28 Itt Industries, Inc. Audio power amplifier with class-D push-pull output stage
US4458208A (en) * 1981-04-10 1984-07-03 Sony Corporation Pulse width modulated signal amplifier
US4968948A (en) * 1988-12-28 1990-11-06 Pioneer Electronic Corporation Pulse width modulation amplifier circuit

Cited By (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5848147A (en) * 1995-11-29 1998-12-08 U.S. Philips Corporation Terminal for wirebound telecommunication
US6127885A (en) * 1998-08-31 2000-10-03 Cello, Limited Class D amplifiers including transition zone modulation
US6118336A (en) * 1998-10-30 2000-09-12 Intersil Corporation Start-up circuit for self oscillating class D modulator
US6346852B1 (en) * 1999-04-27 2002-02-12 Stmicroeletronics S.R.L. Class-D amplifier with enhanced bandwidth
US6597241B1 (en) * 1999-10-04 2003-07-22 Alcatel High performance audio transmission channel
US6211735B1 (en) * 2000-01-21 2001-04-03 Harris Corporation RF power amplifier having improved power supply for RF drive circuits
US6294957B1 (en) * 2000-01-21 2001-09-25 Harris Corporation RF power amplifier having synchronous RF drive
US6970503B1 (en) * 2000-04-21 2005-11-29 National Semiconductor Corporation Apparatus and method for converting analog signal to pulse-width-modulated signal
US20030184376A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2003-10-02 Horst Knoedgen Class D amplifier energy control
US6750705B2 (en) 2002-04-02 2004-06-15 Dialog Semiconductor Gmbh Class D amplifier energy control
US20040017252A1 (en) * 2002-07-24 2004-01-29 Katsumi Miyazaki Current chopper-type D class power amplifier
US20070109049A1 (en) * 2005-11-03 2007-05-17 Kuo-Hung Wu Filterless class d power amplifier
US7355473B2 (en) 2005-11-03 2008-04-08 Amazion Electronics, Inc. Filterless class D power amplifier
US20070140513A1 (en) * 2005-12-15 2007-06-21 Harman International Industries, Incorporated Distortion compensation
US8942391B2 (en) 2005-12-15 2015-01-27 Harman International Industries, Incorporated Distortion compensation
US8036402B2 (en) 2005-12-15 2011-10-11 Harman International Industries, Incorporated Distortion compensation
US7332962B2 (en) 2005-12-27 2008-02-19 Amazion Electronics, Inc. Filterless class D power amplifier
US20070146069A1 (en) * 2005-12-27 2007-06-28 Kuo-Hung Wu Filterless class D power amplifier
US20070273437A1 (en) * 2006-05-15 2007-11-29 Asahi Kasei Emd Corporation. Driving device
US20070290726A1 (en) * 2006-05-15 2007-12-20 Toshio Kaiho Driving device and driving method
US7463090B2 (en) * 2006-05-15 2008-12-09 Asahi Kasei Emd Corporation Driving device
US7656202B2 (en) 2006-05-15 2010-02-02 Asahi Kasei Emd Corporation Driving device and driving method
KR100977505B1 (ko) * 2006-05-15 2010-08-23 아사히 가세이 일렉트로닉스 가부시끼가이샤 구동 장치
CN101527546B (zh) * 2008-03-07 2013-02-13 成都芯源系统有限公司 一种d类功率放大器
US20090243744A1 (en) * 2008-04-01 2009-10-01 Silicon Laboratories Inc. System and method of changing a pwm power spectrum
US7924200B2 (en) 2008-04-01 2011-04-12 Silicon Laboratories, Inc. System and method of altering a PWM carrier power spectrum
US7724105B2 (en) 2008-04-01 2010-05-25 Silicon Laboratories, Inc. System and method of shaping a power spectrum in PWM amplifiers
US20100171540A1 (en) * 2008-04-01 2010-07-08 Silicon Laboratories, Inc. System and Method of Changing a PWM Power Spectrum
US20100207699A1 (en) * 2008-04-01 2010-08-19 Silicon Laboratories, Inc. System and Method of Shaping a Power Spectrum in PWM Amplifiers
US7598895B1 (en) 2008-04-01 2009-10-06 Silicon Laboratories, Inc. System and method of altering a PWM carrier power spectrum
US7791521B2 (en) 2008-04-01 2010-09-07 Silicon Laboratories, Inc. System and method of changing a PWM power spectrum
US20100296671A1 (en) * 2008-04-01 2010-11-25 Silicon Laboratories, Inc. System and Method of Changing a PWM Power Spectrum
US20110019728A1 (en) * 2008-04-01 2011-01-27 Silicon Laboratories, Inc. System and method of altering a pwm carrier power spectrum
US7701307B2 (en) 2008-04-01 2010-04-20 Silicon Laboratories, Inc. System and method of changing a PWM power spectrum
US7965214B2 (en) 2008-04-01 2011-06-21 Silicon Laboratories Inc. System and method of changing a PWM power spectrum
US20090243903A1 (en) * 2008-04-01 2009-10-01 Silicon Laboratories Inc. System and method of altering a pwm carrier power spectrum
US20090243745A1 (en) * 2008-04-01 2009-10-01 Silicon Laboratories Inc. System and method of shaping a power spectrum in pwm amplifiers
US8154358B2 (en) 2008-04-01 2012-04-10 Silicon Laboratories, Inc. System and method of changing a PWM power spectrum
US8188804B2 (en) 2008-04-01 2012-05-29 Silicon Laboratories, Inc. System and method of shaping a power spectrum in PWM amplifiers
US20090243688A1 (en) * 2008-04-01 2009-10-01 Silicon Laboratories Inc. System and method of changing a pwm power spectrum
US8130128B2 (en) 2010-03-30 2012-03-06 Silicon Laboratores Inc. System and method for generating shaped noise

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR970013651A (ko) 1997-03-29
CN1145551A (zh) 1997-03-19
JPH09121128A (ja) 1997-05-06
EP0758164A1 (fr) 1997-02-12

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