US5589813A - Data communication system of the field bus type with a twin lead for power supply to connect units and for data transmission between the units - Google Patents
Data communication system of the field bus type with a twin lead for power supply to connect units and for data transmission between the units Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5589813A US5589813A US08/211,703 US21170394A US5589813A US 5589813 A US5589813 A US 5589813A US 21170394 A US21170394 A US 21170394A US 5589813 A US5589813 A US 5589813A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- twin lead
- lead cable
- cable
- coupled
- terminal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
- H04L12/40006—Architecture of a communication node
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
- H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
- H04B3/548—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines the power on the line being DC
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
- H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
- H04B2203/5404—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines
- H04B2203/5425—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines improving S/N by matching impedance, noise reduction, gain control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
- H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
- H04B2203/5462—Systems for power line communications
- H04B2203/547—Systems for power line communications via DC power distribution
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
- H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
- H04B2203/5462—Systems for power line communications
- H04B2203/5495—Systems for power line communications having measurements and testing channel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
- H04L2012/4026—Bus for use in automation systems
Definitions
- the present invention regards a data communication system of the so-called field bus type, i.e. having a long twin lead cable to which are connected a number of electronic units which may communicate in that they are supplied with current or voltage from the bus cable and furthermore use this for the data transmission by means of pulse techniques.
- Such systems would find wide application, e.g. for process control in factories, where signalling may take place selectively directly between the connected units via the bus cable, whereby individual cables between the units and the central control units may be avoided to a large extent.
- the centrally connected systems have the advantage that the connection between the control unit and the individual units "in the field” may be provided in an individually adjusted manner, and generally individual connections will be shorter and many very much shorter than the corresponding bus cable.
- This relatively greater length of a bus cable has given rise to noticeable problems in the known field bus cable systems.
- Those units which are receptive in the system continuously check the cable for signals with a special address to the individual units, and in the case of error signals serious errors may occur, both regarding the address and the content of the subsequent information signal.
- a transformer may be used at each unit for suppressing these error signals, viz. a balanced transformer with two primary coils in series regarding high frequencies which normally cooperate but which in case of common mode interference will give rise to oppositely directed magnetic fields from the two coils whereby the error signal is suppressed.
- the merthod may be efficient.
- connection units so-called nodes
- constant current consumption i.e. with a high load impedance across a similarly high current supply impedance
- the transmission signal is provided by controlled variation of the current consumption, e.g. of ⁇ 5 mA whereby corresponding voltage variations, dependent on the impedance of the cable, are impressed on the cable, e.g. in the order of ⁇ 250 mV.
- the data signals are made of these differential voltage pulses which are detected in the detector parts of the units.
- the signal transmitting units may themselves be supplied with means for measuring the induced voltage change and to control the current change in reaction thereto, in case the voltage change is less than a desired value, which may in particular be relevant to comparatively snort bus cables.
- a cable is inductive in proportional to the length of the cable, and it contains an energy which is equal to the square of the current in the self inductance times the self inductance.
- a high voltage may be induced which may rise and discharge as an electric arc, i.e. to cause ignition of the surrounding material.
- a short circuit caused by a cut cable may give rise to a discharge which may be dangerous, in particular in an explosive environment.
- Electronic equipment for use in explosive environments may either be mounted in an explosion-proof enclosure or may be made in a self-protective manner. Which means that the equipment is incapable of producing a flash with sufficient energy to ignite an explosive atmosphere.
- the self-protective equipment is fed from a power supply mounted in a non-explosive area, and the voltage and current of the power supply are limited so that a short circuit or disconnection will not cause an explosion.
- the maximum short circuit current is equal to the sum of the current that the various connected units may contribute, because these units via their capacitances may represent a considerable current discharge potential.
- the invention also provides an advantageous solution as described in the following.
- FIG. 1 shows an electronic unit according to the invention with connection to the bus cable
- FIG. 2 shows a corresponding diagram for connection of an automatic impedance matching
- FIG. 3 shows a diagram for illustrating the self-protective bus feature of the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram for illustration of how to obtain a "balanced bus" according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a damping of the self-inductance of the bus cable.
- FIG. 1 is seen a schematic reproduction of an electronic unit according to the invention.
- the electronic unit 2 is connected to the field bus cable A, B via the leads a, b.
- It is a so-called “multidrop system” which means that apart from a constant current unit which provides an essentially constant current to the field bus cable (i.e. with a high generator impedance), a number of electronic units are connected. Which may communicate with each other. This occurs by modulation of the current consumption of each individual unit in a suitable code and at a high frequency by means of a current generator G built into the unit 2 being controlled by an encoder E.
- the encoder receives digitized signals from an A/D converter A which represents measuring data from a measuring unit or sensor 4.
- the electronic components are supplied from the field bus cable via a capacitor C.
- This capacitor would be able to be discharged by short-circuiting the field bus cable A, B but this is prevented by the diodes 12 which block when the voltage on the lead a becomes less than the voltage of the capacitor.
- Transmission cables for units having a high impedance should normally be terminated by a resistor of the same value as the characteristic impedance of the cable. For transmission technicians this is obvious, but it has to be taken into account that in this case it is a system which is at the same time a power supply system which is typically installed by power technicians, i.e. ordinary electricians.
- termination may not always be counted upon to have an understanding of such special requirements for termination which are furthermore complicated by the fact that many kinds of terminal units may be present in a particular system, and that termination should occur, not only be means of a resistor and a larger capacitor in order to counteract energy losses in the resistor occuring already from a supply voltage of about 24 Volts.
- the invention provides an appropriate termination which is built in beforehand in the individual electronic units and which will only function when needed.
- the invention by designing the current supply generator with a high output impedance near the transmission frequency 5 and by each electronic unit being supplied with a dynamic clamp circuit which will counteract sudden voltage variations which are larger than the plus or minus variations for which the clamp circuit is adjusted.
- a voltage step of e.g. 1 volt a wave will travel with a velocity close to that of light. The voltage pulse will be damped somewhat because of the ohmic resistance of the cable.
- the wave When the wave arrives at the end of a non-terminated cable the wave will be reflected 100%, and in any point of the cable, at the time of passage of the reflected wave the voltage will be summed with the voltage of a transmitted wave and a reflected wave which generally may give rise to problems because of so-called multiple reflections. If it is assumed that damping by the transmission of the first wave to the termination area is 10%, the voltage at arrival of the wave will be 0.9 V, but following reflection the voltage will double, i.e. 1.8 V. If, however, the cable is terminated with a clamp circut which prevents the voltage from rising above 1 V, the reflected wave will only be 0.1 V (i.e. equal to the damping), and when the reflection arrives back at the generator the voltage rise will be reduced to almost zero, whereby the disturbing multiple reflections will be completely avoided.
- FIG. 2 This principle is illustrated schematically in FIG. 2, where it is shown that each of the electronic units 2 is supplied at the input with the simplest form of a clamp circuit, namely a pair of diodes 8 wired in antiparallel which via a capacitor discharge any voltage which exceeds the nominal signalling voltage. A wave of 0.1 V may well be reflected, but it will arrive at the generator designated 9 virtually damped to zero, so that the very disturbing multiple reflections will be avoided. Similarly it is shown in FIG. 1 how the coupling capacitor Cc in series with the capacitor C which has a low impedance at the specified frequency together with the diodes 8 constitute the circuit described.
- the electronic units 2, 4 there is hence no need to take into account any kind of correct cable termination, and it is an insignificant complication that extra diodes or even a more complex but still standardized clamp circuit have to be fitted in each unit.
- one or more diodes wired in series with the connectors in each of the units may ensure that the units are unable to contribute a short circuit current. This will hence only be provided by the power supply, and when the extra contributions are removed it may work with a higher permitted current which makes it feasible to connect an increased number of electronic units.
- the principle is shown in FIG. 3 where the current supply unit is designated 10 and the diodes are designated 12.
- FIG. 4 It Is shown that such a diode may be fitted as a standard component in the unit 2.
- the diodes Since the transmission is based upon a variation in current consumption, but always with the current in the same direction, the diodes will not inhibit this function but only reduce the voltage to the individual units by typically ca. 0.5 V per diode.
- FIG. 4 is shown an electronic unit 2 which is connected via wires a and b to a field bus cable A, B and which is designed to transmit and/or receive impulse modulated signals through the wires a and b.
- This may be a transmitting unit for the sensor 4, the output signal of which has to be translated to the code used in the system and to be transmitted by means of a particular address to one or more acting units in the system, possibly following a query transmitted from one of these or from a control unit with a particular address to the unit 2.
- Most of the units will be constantly in stand-by in order to react to a relevant address signal, and there should not be distuarbances which could manifest themselves as false signals.
- the electronic units may be self-protecting in themselves it has, however, to be taken into account that the cable itself is inductive so that a break may induce a very high voltage, the higher, the longer the cable is.
- the permissible cable length will be limited to such a value that a break cannot provoke an efficent arc. In particular when use is made of a maximum current the permissible length may be determined fairly precisely, and it has been determined that this problem is felt already in semi-large installations.
- the problem is counteracted by dividing a fairly long bus cable for a prospective of total inductance into two or more partial cable lengths, each being permissible, by fitting zener diodes or a similar voltage limiter at corresponding distances along the cable between the conductors, with suitable account taken of the normal voltages present.
- zener diodes or a similar voltage limiter By a break there can only appear an energy discharge corresponding to the self-inductance of the stretch of cable between neighbouring diodes, because these will limit the voltage rise on both sides of the affected partial length.
- the principle is illustrated in FIG. 5 where the self-inductances of the partial stretches of cable are marked as L1, L2, and L3, whereas the diodes are marked 14. As indicated their cut-in voltage may be somewhat higher than the operation voltage.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc Digital Transmission (AREA)
- Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Communication Control (AREA)
- Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK911732A DK173291D0 (da) | 1991-10-14 | 1991-10-14 | Datakommunikationssystem af feltbus-type, med et tolederkabel til baade stroemforsyning af tilsluttede enheder og dataoverfoering mellem disse |
DK1732/91 | 1991-10-14 | ||
PCT/DK1992/000302 WO1993008652A1 (fr) | 1991-10-14 | 1992-10-14 | Systeme de communication de donnees du type bus de secteur comportant un double fil d'alimentation en puissance des ensembles raccordes ainsi que de transmission de donnees entre les ensembles |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5589813A true US5589813A (en) | 1996-12-31 |
Family
ID=8107614
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/211,703 Expired - Fee Related US5589813A (en) | 1991-10-14 | 1992-10-14 | Data communication system of the field bus type with a twin lead for power supply to connect units and for data transmission between the units |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5589813A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0608305B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH07502867A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE191302T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2791492A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2121333A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69230860D1 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK173291D0 (fr) |
FI (1) | FI941722A0 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1993008652A1 (fr) |
Cited By (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5892717A (en) * | 1998-01-29 | 1999-04-06 | Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation | Clamp for differential drivers |
WO2000041460A2 (fr) * | 1999-01-12 | 2000-07-20 | Ic-Haus Gmbh | Systeme de commande et de transmission de donnees |
EP1193884A2 (fr) * | 2000-09-28 | 2002-04-03 | Bundesr. Deutschland, vertr. d. d. Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Techn., vert. d. den Präs. der Physi.Tech. Bundesansta | Bus de secteur à sécurite intrinsèque |
FR2823390A1 (fr) * | 2001-04-05 | 2002-10-11 | Schneider Electric Ind Sa | Filtre pour bus bifilaire |
WO2002099663A2 (fr) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-12-12 | BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND, vertreten durch DAS BUNDESMINISTERIUM FÜR WIRTSCHAFT UND TECHNOLOGIE, vertreten durch DEN PRÄSIDENTEN DER PHYSIKALISCH-TECHNISCHEN BUNDESANSTALT BRAUNSCHWEIG UND BERLIN | Systeme de bus de terrain a securite intrinseque |
US20040109499A1 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-06-10 | Ambient Corporation | Controlling power output of a modem for power line communications |
US20040178976A1 (en) * | 2003-03-12 | 2004-09-16 | Jeon Yong Weon | Bus interface technology |
US20040246108A1 (en) * | 1999-07-01 | 2004-12-09 | Robertson Mark Patrick | Power line communication system |
DE10328532B3 (de) * | 2003-06-24 | 2004-12-16 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertr. d. d. Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit, dieses vertr. d. d. Präsidenten der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt | Speisegerät zur eigensicheren Energieversorung und Verfahren zur elektrischen DC-Versorgung von Verbrauchern mit einem solchen Speisegerät |
US20040257731A1 (en) * | 2003-04-07 | 2004-12-23 | Pierre Legaud | Local network using an electrical power distribution system and associated reflection device |
US20040263321A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2004-12-30 | Abet Technologies, Llc | Method and system for bidirectional data and power transmission |
US20060046766A1 (en) * | 2004-09-01 | 2006-03-02 | Abet Technologies, Llc | Method and system for bidirectional communications and power transmission |
US20060076830A1 (en) * | 2004-09-21 | 2006-04-13 | Abet Technologies, Llc | Communication and AC power system |
US20060097864A1 (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2006-05-11 | Lammers Bryan G | System and method for power and data delivery on a machine |
US20060097852A1 (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2006-05-11 | Lammers Bryan G | System and method for power and data delivery on a machine |
US20060173704A1 (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-03 | Abet Technologies, Llc | Secure computer system |
US20070210898A1 (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2007-09-13 | Caterpillar Inc. | System and method for power and data delivery on a machine |
US20080277463A1 (en) * | 2004-04-27 | 2008-11-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electrical Field Device For Use In Process Automation |
US20100207744A1 (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2010-08-19 | Caterpillar Inc. | System And Method For Power And Data Delivery On A Machine |
US20110110411A1 (en) * | 2007-09-12 | 2011-05-12 | Valery Vasilievich Ovchinnikov | Method for transmitting discrete electric signals |
US20120298764A1 (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2012-11-29 | Takashi Okano | Air conditioner |
WO2013020886A1 (fr) * | 2011-08-05 | 2013-02-14 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Alimentation en tension de bus à perte de puissance réduite |
US20140203628A1 (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2014-07-24 | Valery Vasilievich Ovchinnikov | Power supply of two-wire cummunication line |
US20160269195A1 (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2016-09-15 | Vlaamse Instelling Voor Technologisch Onderzoek (Vito) Nv | Method and system for providing pulsed power and data on a bus |
US9502079B2 (en) | 2011-02-01 | 2016-11-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Passive interface for an electronic memory device |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5585777A (en) * | 1994-06-07 | 1996-12-17 | Rosemount Inc. | Transmitter with electrical circuitry for inhibiting discharge of stored energy |
DE4424907A1 (de) * | 1994-07-14 | 1996-01-18 | Siemens Ag | Bordnetzversorgung bei Busankoppler ohne Übertrager |
DE9412303U1 (de) * | 1994-08-04 | 1994-10-06 | Siemens Ag | Busteilnehmer |
DE4434553A1 (de) * | 1994-09-28 | 1996-04-04 | Wolfgang Schenk | Felddaten-Digitalwandler |
NO951291L (no) * | 1995-04-04 | 1996-10-07 | Einar Gotaas | Fremgangsmåte og system for toveis datakommunikasjon mellom en sentralenhet og et antall stasjoner |
US5975248A (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 1999-11-02 | Drucegrove Limited | Communications system |
GB2300849B (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 1997-10-22 | Drucegrove Ltd | Communications system |
US5764891A (en) * | 1996-02-15 | 1998-06-09 | Rosemount Inc. | Process I/O to fieldbus interface circuit |
US6904476B2 (en) | 2003-04-04 | 2005-06-07 | Rosemount Inc. | Transmitter with dual protocol interface |
ITMI20051248A1 (it) | 2005-07-01 | 2007-01-02 | Vimar Spa | Modem per bus per impianti elettrici civili ed industriali |
DE102008058296B4 (de) * | 2008-11-20 | 2011-03-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Bereitstellen von Strom für Verbraucher in einem Busgerät sowie Vorschalteinrichtung |
DE102018220069A1 (de) | 2018-11-22 | 2020-05-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Reflexionsdämpfungsvorrichtung für einen Bus eines Bussystems und Verfahren zum Dämpfen von Reflexionen bei einer Datenübertragung in einem Bussystem |
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US4949359A (en) * | 1987-09-09 | 1990-08-14 | Willemin Electronis S.A. | Method for the electronic transmission of data and installation for carrying out this method |
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GB2154834B (en) * | 1984-02-23 | 1987-07-08 | Plessey Co Plc | A two wire dc power/signal transmission system |
SE455455B (sv) * | 1986-11-11 | 1988-07-11 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Slutsteg med automatisk nivakontroll for netsignalering |
EP0365696B1 (fr) * | 1988-10-24 | 1995-02-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Système de transmission |
FR2638919B1 (fr) * | 1988-11-04 | 1994-09-02 | Merlin Gerin | Automate de gestion technique de batiment a ligne bifilaire de transmission de donnees et d'energie |
DE3907652A1 (de) * | 1989-03-09 | 1990-09-13 | Siemens Ag | Schaltungsanordnung zum uebertragen von binaeren signalen und energie ueber eine leitung |
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1991
- 1991-10-14 DK DK911732A patent/DK173291D0/da active IP Right Grant
-
1992
- 1992-10-14 JP JP5507358A patent/JPH07502867A/ja active Pending
- 1992-10-14 AU AU27914/92A patent/AU2791492A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-10-14 EP EP92921447A patent/EP0608305B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-14 DE DE69230860T patent/DE69230860D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-14 US US08/211,703 patent/US5589813A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-10-14 WO PCT/DK1992/000302 patent/WO1993008652A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1992-10-14 CA CA002121333A patent/CA2121333A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1992-10-14 AT AT92921447T patent/ATE191302T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-04-14 FI FI941722A patent/FI941722A0/fi unknown
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US4949359A (en) * | 1987-09-09 | 1990-08-14 | Willemin Electronis S.A. | Method for the electronic transmission of data and installation for carrying out this method |
US4885563A (en) * | 1988-05-03 | 1989-12-05 | Thermo King Corporation | Power line carrier communication system |
Cited By (44)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5892717A (en) * | 1998-01-29 | 1999-04-06 | Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation | Clamp for differential drivers |
US6563419B1 (en) | 1999-01-12 | 2003-05-13 | Ic-Haus Gmbh | Control and data transmission system |
WO2000041460A2 (fr) * | 1999-01-12 | 2000-07-20 | Ic-Haus Gmbh | Systeme de commande et de transmission de donnees |
WO2000041460A3 (fr) * | 1999-01-12 | 2002-05-10 | Ic Haus Gmbh | Systeme de commande et de transmission de donnees |
US20040246108A1 (en) * | 1999-07-01 | 2004-12-09 | Robertson Mark Patrick | Power line communication system |
US8593266B2 (en) | 1999-07-01 | 2013-11-26 | Oilfield Equipment Development Center Limited | Power line communication system |
EP1193884A3 (fr) * | 2000-09-28 | 2003-10-15 | Bundesr. Deutschland, vertr. d. d. Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Techn., vert. d. den Präs. der Physi.Tech. Bundesansta | Bus de secteur à sécurite intrinsèque |
EP1193884A2 (fr) * | 2000-09-28 | 2002-04-03 | Bundesr. Deutschland, vertr. d. d. Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Techn., vert. d. den Präs. der Physi.Tech. Bundesansta | Bus de secteur à sécurite intrinsèque |
FR2823390A1 (fr) * | 2001-04-05 | 2002-10-11 | Schneider Electric Ind Sa | Filtre pour bus bifilaire |
WO2002099663A3 (fr) * | 2001-06-06 | 2003-02-20 | Bundesrep Deutschland | Systeme de bus de terrain a securite intrinseque |
WO2002099663A2 (fr) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-12-12 | BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND, vertreten durch DAS BUNDESMINISTERIUM FÜR WIRTSCHAFT UND TECHNOLOGIE, vertreten durch DEN PRÄSIDENTEN DER PHYSIKALISCH-TECHNISCHEN BUNDESANSTALT BRAUNSCHWEIG UND BERLIN | Systeme de bus de terrain a securite intrinseque |
DE10127561B4 (de) * | 2001-06-06 | 2006-11-02 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertr. d. d. Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie, dieses vertr. d. d. Präsidenten der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt | Eigensicheres Feldbussystem |
US20040109499A1 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-06-10 | Ambient Corporation | Controlling power output of a modem for power line communications |
US7378944B2 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2008-05-27 | Ambient Corporation | Controlling power output of a modem for power line communications |
US20040178976A1 (en) * | 2003-03-12 | 2004-09-16 | Jeon Yong Weon | Bus interface technology |
US7557790B2 (en) | 2003-03-12 | 2009-07-07 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Bus interface technology |
US7183901B2 (en) * | 2003-04-07 | 2007-02-27 | France Telecom Sa | Local network using an electrical power distribution system and associated reflection device |
US20040257731A1 (en) * | 2003-04-07 | 2004-12-23 | Pierre Legaud | Local network using an electrical power distribution system and associated reflection device |
DE10328532B3 (de) * | 2003-06-24 | 2004-12-16 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertr. d. d. Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit, dieses vertr. d. d. Präsidenten der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt | Speisegerät zur eigensicheren Energieversorung und Verfahren zur elektrischen DC-Versorgung von Verbrauchern mit einem solchen Speisegerät |
US6906618B2 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2005-06-14 | Abet Technologies, Llc | Method and system for bidirectional data and power transmission |
US7015798B2 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2006-03-21 | Abet Technologies, Llc | Method and system for bidirectional data and power transmission |
US20050231355A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-10-20 | Abet Technologies, Llc | Method and system for bidirectional data and power transmission |
US20040263321A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2004-12-30 | Abet Technologies, Llc | Method and system for bidirectional data and power transmission |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI941722A (fi) | 1994-04-14 |
FI941722A0 (fi) | 1994-04-14 |
EP0608305A1 (fr) | 1994-08-03 |
AU2791492A (en) | 1993-05-21 |
DK173291D0 (da) | 1991-10-14 |
CA2121333A1 (fr) | 1993-04-29 |
DE69230860D1 (de) | 2000-05-04 |
ATE191302T1 (de) | 2000-04-15 |
EP0608305B1 (fr) | 2000-03-29 |
WO1993008652A1 (fr) | 1993-04-29 |
JPH07502867A (ja) | 1995-03-23 |
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