US5482445A - Free-piston engine having a slidable ring for moving the piston - Google Patents

Free-piston engine having a slidable ring for moving the piston Download PDF

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Publication number
US5482445A
US5482445A US08/244,186 US24418694A US5482445A US 5482445 A US5482445 A US 5482445A US 24418694 A US24418694 A US 24418694A US 5482445 A US5482445 A US 5482445A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
piston
room
plunger
shaped
ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US08/244,186
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter A. J. Achten
Theodorus G. Potma
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Innas Free Piston BV
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Innas Free Piston BV
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Innas Free Piston BV filed Critical Innas Free Piston BV
Assigned to INNAS B.V. reassignment INNAS B.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: POTMA, THEODRUS GERHARDUS
Assigned to INNAS B.V. reassignment INNAS B.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ACHTEN, PETER AUGUSTINUS JOHANNES
Assigned to INNAS FREE PISTON B.V. reassignment INNAS FREE PISTON B.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: INNAS B.V.
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US5482445A publication Critical patent/US5482445A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
    • F02B71/04—Adaptations of such engines for special use; Combinations of such engines with apparatus driven thereby
    • F02B71/045—Adaptations of such engines for special use; Combinations of such engines with apparatus driven thereby with hydrostatic transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
    • F02B71/02—Starting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a free-piston engine having a fluid pressure unit, comprising a cylinder and a piston arranged within the cylinder and limiting one side of a combustion room, said piston reciprocating within the cylinder between a first position in which the volume of the combustion room in the cylinder is at a maximum and a second position in which the volume of the combustion room in the cylinder is at a minimum, the piston including a plunger-shaped piston extension cooperating with the fluid pressure unit, said fluid pressure unit being equipped with an auxiliary means for displacing the piston in a direction to its first position, said auxiliary means comprising a connecting channel adapted to communicate a liquid pressure source with a room in which the plunger-shaped piston extension extends and which room is closed on one side by an axial face of the piston extension which is directed such that, by pressure loading this axial face, the piston is moved towards the first position.
  • This prior art free-piston engine has the disadvantage that during normal operation with each compression and expansion stroke of the piston, the reduction and enlargement of the volume of the room cause hydraulic liquid to be forced out from and sucked-in again into said room. This leads to great displacements of hydraulic liquid adversely affecting the efficiency of the free-piston engine. Also, at the start of the expansion stroke of the vehicle, where the piston acceleration is very great, cavitation is caused in the hydraulic liquid sucked-in into said room because this hydraulic liquid cannot follow the acceleration of the axial face formed on the piston. This cavitation is highly undesirable because of the detrimental effects caused thereby, such as vibrations and erosion.
  • the free-piston engine according to the invention is characterized in that said axial face is formed on a ring-shaped element slidably arranged on the plunger-shaped extension, said plunger-shaped extension comprising a stop adapted for engagement by the ring-shaped element when it is moved for displacing the piston to its first position.
  • the room of the auxiliary means is bordered by the axial face of the ring-shaped element which is not forced to move with the plunger-shaped piston extension of the piston.
  • the liquid flows into and out of the room will be reduced very substantially or even be fully eliminated if the ring-shaped element is stationary. This may be enforced by a lock, but in most cases it will happen automatically by pressure forces exerted on the oppositely directed axial face on the other side of the ring-shaped element.
  • the room is pressurized thereby pushing away the ring-shaped element so as to move along the plunger-shaped extension until it runs into the stop of the plunger-shaped extension, whereafter the ring-shaped element carries the plunger-shaped extension with it.
  • the ring-shaped element is returned to its initial position by the stop or by a pressure differential over the ring-shaped element.
  • the connecting channel should connect to the room such that it cannot be closed by a radial face of the ring-shaped element.
  • the Figure shows an exemplary embodiment of a free-piston engine comprising a cylinder 1 and a movable piston 2 arranged therein.
  • This piston 2 borders one side of the combustion room 3 and is movable between a bottom dead centre in which the volume of the combustion room 3 is at a maximum, and a top dead centre in which the volume of the combustion room 3 is at a minimum.
  • To the combustion room connects an air inlet 4 and a combustion gas outlet 5.
  • an injector 7 for injecting liquid fuel, such as diesel oil, into the combustion room 3.
  • the piston 2 is equipped with a plunger-shaped piston extension 8.
  • This piston extension 8 includes, as seen from the piston 2, a first rod section 9, a first plunger section 10, a second rod section 11 and a second plunger section 12.
  • the first plunger section 10 is adapted to move within a first chamber 13 and borders on one side a room 14 communicating with the environment through a channel 15 and bordering on the other side a room 16 used for causing the piston 2 to make a compression stroke.
  • the unit includes a preferably hydraulic compression pressure section 17 having a compression pressure accumulator 18, a first connecting channel 19 between the room 16 and the compression pressure accumulator 18 and a second connecting channel 20 between the compression pressure accumulator 18 and the room 16.
  • This second connecting channel 20 incorporates a two-way valve 48 switchable between a first position for closing the second connecting channel 20 (as shown in FIG. 1) and a second position in which hydraulic liquid may flow from the compression pressure accumulator 18 to the room 16.
  • an intermediate line 22 having a quick non-return valve 21. It closes at the end of the expansion stroke of the piston 2.
  • the second plunger section 12 is adapted to move within a second chamber 23 having a first chamber portion 24 and a second chamber portion 25 the diameter of which is smaller than that of the first chamber portion and in which the second plunger section 12 sealingly fits.
  • the second plunger section 12 has the function to convert the pneumatic energy stored in the piston 2 into hydraulic energy during the expansion stroke and, for this purpose, cooperating with a working section 26 of the hydraulic unit.
  • This working section includes a low pressure accumulator 27 and a first supply channel 28 between the first chamber portion 24 and the low pressure accumulator 27, which comprises a non-return valve 29, and a second supply channel 30 between the second chamber portion 25 and the low pressure accumulator 27, which comprises a quick non-return valve 31.
  • a by-pass line 32 passing the quick non-return valve 31 includes a two-way valve 33.
  • the working section 26 further comprises a high pressure accumulator 34, a first discharge channel 35 connecting to the first chamber section 24 of the second chamber 23 and a second discharge channel 36 connecting to the second chamber section 25 of the second chamber 23 and comprising a quick non-return valve 37 and a non-return valve having a low flow resistance 38.
  • the first discharge channel 35 connects to the second discharge channel 36 between the non-return valves 37 and 38.
  • the high pressure accumulator 34 feeds a user 39, which user may for instance consist of the hydrostatic transmission for driving a vehicle.
  • the low pressure side of this hydrostatic transmission may be connected to the low pressure accumulator 27 at 40.
  • the hydraulic unit of the free-piston engine according to the invention comprises an auxiliary means 41 which may be used for bringing the piston 2 to the bottom dead centre, which is necessary when the free-piston engine is started or when the free-piston engine should be restarted after a so-called misfiring.
  • This auxiliary means 41 comprises a connecting channel 42 connecting on one hand to a room 43 which, in this exemplary embodiment, forms part of the first chamber portion 24 of the second chamber 23 of the working section of the hydraulic unit.
  • This room 43 is bordered by the walls of the first chamber portion 24, the second rod section 11 and the axial face 44 formed on a ring-shaped element 45 arranged concentrically around the second rod section 11 and sealingly engaging the second rod section 11 on its inner circumference and adapted to slide in relation thereto, and sealingly engaging the circumferential wall of the first chamber portion 24 of the second chamber 23 on its outer circumference and adapted to slide in axial relation thereto.
  • the connecting channel 42 is connected with its other end to the high pressure accumulator 34 of the working section, and within the connecting channel 42 there is incorporated a bi-directional pump 46.
  • auxiliary means 41 The operation of the auxiliary means 41 is as follows.
  • the ring-shaped element 45 will assume the position of FIG. 1, both during the compression and the expansion strokes of the piston 2. Then, in the compression stroke the second rod section 11 of the piston extension 8 exerts a slip force on the ring-shaped element 45 which is inclined to move the ring-shaped element 45 to the left in FIG. 1. Due to the presence of hydraulic liquid within the room 43 and the connecting channel 42 closed by the stationary pump 46, the ring-shaped element 45 is not able to move further to the left. During the expansion stroke of the piston 2, the second rod section 11 will try to drag along the ring-shaped element 45 indeed, yet within the first chamber portion 24 there is a high pressure counteracting a movement of the ring-shaped element 45.
  • the bi-directional pump 46 is acting such that the room 43 is pressurized through the connecting channel 42 so that-a pressure force is exerted on the axial face 44 of the ring-shaped element 45.
  • the first and second chamber portions 24, 25 are brought to a low pressure by switching the two-way valve 33 in the by-pass line 32 and possibly also a similar two-way valve in a by-pass line around the non-return valve 29. The pressure differential over the ring-shaped element 45 will cause it to move within the first chamber portion 24 to the right in FIG.
  • the two-way valve 33 is switched back to the position of FIG. 1 and prior to switching the two-way valve 48 in the compression section 17 in order to start a new compression stroke of the piston 2, the bi-directional pump 46 is driven in reverse sense so that the ring-shaped element 45 is allowed to move back to the initial position of FIG. 1 where it remains out of range of the collar of the second plunger section 12 during the normal operation of the free-piston engine.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
US08/244,186 1991-11-19 1992-11-19 Free-piston engine having a slidable ring for moving the piston Expired - Fee Related US5482445A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL9101933A NL9101933A (nl) 1991-11-19 1991-11-19 Vrije-zuigermotor met fluidumdrukaggregaat.
NL9101933 1991-11-19
PCT/NL1992/000211 WO1993010344A1 (fr) 1991-11-19 1992-11-19 Moteur a pistons libres a unite hydraulique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US5482445A true US5482445A (en) 1996-01-09

Family

ID=19859937

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/244,186 Expired - Fee Related US5482445A (en) 1991-11-19 1992-11-19 Free-piston engine having a slidable ring for moving the piston

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5482445A (fr)
EP (1) EP0613521B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH07501121A (fr)
DE (1) DE69208101T2 (fr)
NL (1) NL9101933A (fr)
WO (1) WO1993010344A1 (fr)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5934245A (en) * 1997-11-19 1999-08-10 Caterpillar Inc. Two cycle engine having a mono-valve integrated with a fuel injector
WO1999060258A1 (fr) 1998-05-20 1999-11-25 Caterpillar Inc. Piston de moteur
US6105541A (en) * 1999-02-22 2000-08-22 Caterpillar, Inc. Free piston internal combustion engine with rotating piston
US6135069A (en) * 1998-09-11 2000-10-24 Caterpillar Inc. Method for operation of a free piston engine
US6206656B1 (en) * 1999-02-22 2001-03-27 Caterpillar Inc. Method of operating a free piston internal combustion engine with high pressure hydraulic fluid upon misfire or initial start-up
WO2001038706A1 (fr) * 1999-11-24 2001-05-31 Mannesmann Rexroth Ag Moteur a pistons libres
US6244226B1 (en) * 1999-08-06 2001-06-12 Caterpillar Inc. Free piston internal combustion engine with rotating piston
US6279517B1 (en) * 1997-04-17 2001-08-28 Innas Free Piston B.V. Free piston engine provided with a purging air dosing system
US6694944B2 (en) 2001-12-20 2004-02-24 Caterpillar Inc. Rapid compression prechamber for internal combustion engine
US6863507B1 (en) 1999-11-24 2005-03-08 Mannesmann Rexroth Ag Generic free-piston engine with transformer valve assembly for reducing throttling losses
US20060042572A1 (en) * 2004-08-24 2006-03-02 Tomomasa Nishikawa Combustion-type power tool having gas canister cooling arrangement
US20060055238A1 (en) * 2002-12-16 2006-03-16 Walker Frank H Hydraulic regenerative braking system for a vehicle
US20060196454A1 (en) * 2005-03-01 2006-09-07 Jones James W Linear fluid engine
US20080185909A1 (en) * 2004-12-17 2008-08-07 Walker Frank H Hydraulic Regenerative Braking System For A Vehicle
US20080210500A1 (en) * 2005-05-11 2008-09-04 Walker Frank H Hydraulic Regenerative Braking System For a Vehicle
US20090223359A1 (en) * 2007-02-12 2009-09-10 Walker Frank H Hydraulic Machine Arrangement
US20100101406A1 (en) * 2007-02-12 2010-04-29 Walker Frank H Hydraulic machine arrangement
US20110083643A1 (en) * 2009-10-12 2011-04-14 Sturman Digital Systems, Llc Hydraulic Internal Combustion Engines
US20140224117A1 (en) * 2013-02-12 2014-08-14 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Integrated engine and hydraulic pump
US8887690B1 (en) 2010-07-12 2014-11-18 Sturman Digital Systems, Llc Ammonia fueled mobile and stationary systems and methods
US9206738B2 (en) 2011-06-20 2015-12-08 Sturman Digital Systems, Llc Free piston engines with single hydraulic piston actuator and methods
US9464569B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2016-10-11 Sturman Digital Systems, Llc Digital hydraulic opposed free piston engines and methods
US11078826B1 (en) * 2020-10-28 2021-08-03 Caterpillar Inc. Gaseous fuel engine and sparkless operating strategy therefor

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6269783B1 (en) 1999-02-22 2001-08-07 Caterpillar Inc. Free piston internal combustion engine with pulse compression
US6158401A (en) * 1999-02-24 2000-12-12 Caterpillar Inc. Method of operating a free piston internal combustion engine with pulse compression
EP1282766B1 (fr) 2000-05-19 2005-07-27 Bosch Rexroth AG Moteur a piston libre
US20030110766A1 (en) 2001-12-13 2003-06-19 Berlinger Willibald G. Hydraulic system with improved efficiency
DE102007040361A1 (de) 2007-08-27 2009-03-05 Muller, Katherina Freikolbenmotor mit variabler Verdichtung

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2168829A (en) * 1936-07-17 1939-08-08 Pescara Raul Pateras Free piston machine
US2333419A (en) * 1940-10-08 1943-11-02 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co Gas hammer
US3524436A (en) * 1969-06-02 1970-08-18 Anton Braun Free piston engine apparatus
US3606591A (en) * 1968-10-08 1971-09-20 Theodorus Gerhardus Potma Pump and driving motor assembly
US4403474A (en) * 1981-04-13 1983-09-13 Ruthven William A Hydrolic fluid-lubricated piston-combustion engine
US4705460A (en) * 1985-02-26 1987-11-10 Anton Braun Bounce chambers for multi-cylinder linear engine compressors

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL182162C (nl) * 1977-01-10 1988-01-18 Hydraudyne Bv Inrichting voor het hydraulisch of pneumatisch aandrijven en afremmen van een werktuig.

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2168829A (en) * 1936-07-17 1939-08-08 Pescara Raul Pateras Free piston machine
US2333419A (en) * 1940-10-08 1943-11-02 Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co Gas hammer
US3606591A (en) * 1968-10-08 1971-09-20 Theodorus Gerhardus Potma Pump and driving motor assembly
US3524436A (en) * 1969-06-02 1970-08-18 Anton Braun Free piston engine apparatus
US4403474A (en) * 1981-04-13 1983-09-13 Ruthven William A Hydrolic fluid-lubricated piston-combustion engine
US4705460A (en) * 1985-02-26 1987-11-10 Anton Braun Bounce chambers for multi-cylinder linear engine compressors

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6279517B1 (en) * 1997-04-17 2001-08-28 Innas Free Piston B.V. Free piston engine provided with a purging air dosing system
US5934245A (en) * 1997-11-19 1999-08-10 Caterpillar Inc. Two cycle engine having a mono-valve integrated with a fuel injector
WO1999060258A1 (fr) 1998-05-20 1999-11-25 Caterpillar Inc. Piston de moteur
US6076506A (en) * 1998-05-20 2000-06-20 Caterpillar Inc. Piston for use in an engine
US6135069A (en) * 1998-09-11 2000-10-24 Caterpillar Inc. Method for operation of a free piston engine
US6206656B1 (en) * 1999-02-22 2001-03-27 Caterpillar Inc. Method of operating a free piston internal combustion engine with high pressure hydraulic fluid upon misfire or initial start-up
US6105541A (en) * 1999-02-22 2000-08-22 Caterpillar, Inc. Free piston internal combustion engine with rotating piston
US6244226B1 (en) * 1999-08-06 2001-06-12 Caterpillar Inc. Free piston internal combustion engine with rotating piston
WO2001038706A1 (fr) * 1999-11-24 2001-05-31 Mannesmann Rexroth Ag Moteur a pistons libres
US6863507B1 (en) 1999-11-24 2005-03-08 Mannesmann Rexroth Ag Generic free-piston engine with transformer valve assembly for reducing throttling losses
US6694944B2 (en) 2001-12-20 2004-02-24 Caterpillar Inc. Rapid compression prechamber for internal combustion engine
US7562944B2 (en) 2002-12-16 2009-07-21 Walker Frank H Hydraulic regenerative braking system for a vehicle
US20060055238A1 (en) * 2002-12-16 2006-03-16 Walker Frank H Hydraulic regenerative braking system for a vehicle
US20090236906A1 (en) * 2002-12-16 2009-09-24 Walker Frank H Hydraulic Regenerative Braking System For A Vehicle
US20060042572A1 (en) * 2004-08-24 2006-03-02 Tomomasa Nishikawa Combustion-type power tool having gas canister cooling arrangement
US7131404B2 (en) * 2004-08-24 2006-11-07 Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. Combustion-type power tool having gas canister cooling arrangement
US8132868B2 (en) 2004-12-17 2012-03-13 Walker Frank H Hydraulic regenerative braking system for a vehicle
US20080185909A1 (en) * 2004-12-17 2008-08-07 Walker Frank H Hydraulic Regenerative Braking System For A Vehicle
US20060196454A1 (en) * 2005-03-01 2006-09-07 Jones James W Linear fluid engine
US7261070B2 (en) * 2005-03-01 2007-08-28 Jones James W Linear fluid engine
US20080210500A1 (en) * 2005-05-11 2008-09-04 Walker Frank H Hydraulic Regenerative Braking System For a Vehicle
WO2007040599A1 (fr) * 2005-09-21 2007-04-12 James William Jones Moteur lineaire a fluide
US8162621B2 (en) 2007-02-12 2012-04-24 Walker Frank H Hydraulic machine arrangement
US20100101406A1 (en) * 2007-02-12 2010-04-29 Walker Frank H Hydraulic machine arrangement
US20090223359A1 (en) * 2007-02-12 2009-09-10 Walker Frank H Hydraulic Machine Arrangement
US8176838B2 (en) 2007-02-12 2012-05-15 Walker Frank H Hydraulic machine arrangement
US20110083643A1 (en) * 2009-10-12 2011-04-14 Sturman Digital Systems, Llc Hydraulic Internal Combustion Engines
US8596230B2 (en) 2009-10-12 2013-12-03 Sturman Digital Systems, Llc Hydraulic internal combustion engines
US8887690B1 (en) 2010-07-12 2014-11-18 Sturman Digital Systems, Llc Ammonia fueled mobile and stationary systems and methods
US9206738B2 (en) 2011-06-20 2015-12-08 Sturman Digital Systems, Llc Free piston engines with single hydraulic piston actuator and methods
US9464569B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2016-10-11 Sturman Digital Systems, Llc Digital hydraulic opposed free piston engines and methods
US20140224117A1 (en) * 2013-02-12 2014-08-14 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Integrated engine and hydraulic pump
US11078826B1 (en) * 2020-10-28 2021-08-03 Caterpillar Inc. Gaseous fuel engine and sparkless operating strategy therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0613521B1 (fr) 1996-01-31
NL9101933A (nl) 1993-06-16
JPH07501121A (ja) 1995-02-02
WO1993010344A1 (fr) 1993-05-27
DE69208101D1 (de) 1996-03-14
EP0613521A1 (fr) 1994-09-07
DE69208101T2 (de) 1996-08-22

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Owner name: INNAS B.V., NETHERLANDS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ACHTEN, PETER AUGUSTINUS JOHANNES;REEL/FRAME:007088/0398

Effective date: 19940412

Owner name: INNAS B.V., NETHERLANDS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:POTMA, THEODRUS GERHARDUS;REEL/FRAME:007088/0400

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