US5206497A - Free-space optical switching apparatus - Google Patents

Free-space optical switching apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US5206497A
US5206497A US07/863,660 US86366092A US5206497A US 5206497 A US5206497 A US 5206497A US 86366092 A US86366092 A US 86366092A US 5206497 A US5206497 A US 5206497A
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United States
Prior art keywords
component
optical
switching apparatus
laser beam
photo
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Expired - Lifetime
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US07/863,660
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English (en)
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Byung H. Lee
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Nokia Bell Labs
AT&T Corp
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AT&T Bell Laboratories Inc
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Priority to US07/863,660 priority Critical patent/US5206497A/en
Assigned to AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY reassignment AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: LEE, BYUNG H.
Priority to DE69325202T priority patent/DE69325202T2/de
Priority to EP93302282A priority patent/EP0565276B1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US5206497A publication Critical patent/US5206497A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/3586—Control or adjustment details, e.g. calibrating
    • G02B6/3588—Control or adjustment details, e.g. calibrating of the processed beams, i.e. controlling during switching of orientation, alignment, or beam propagation properties such as intensity, size or shape
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/3502—Optical coupling means having switching means involving direct waveguide displacement, e.g. cantilever type waveguide displacement involving waveguide bending, or displacing an interposed waveguide between stationary waveguides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
    • G02B6/3544—2D constellations, i.e. with switching elements and switched beams located in a plane
    • G02B6/3548—1xN switch, i.e. one input and a selectable single output of N possible outputs

Definitions

  • One method of switching an optical signal from one path to another is by means of an optical cross-connect switch.
  • free-space optical cross-connect switches perform this switching by re-directing an information-bearing collimated laser beam from one route to another as the light traverses a free-space path. This re-direction is accomplished by varying the trajectory on which the collimated laser beam is launched into the free-space path, so that it exits on a different route from the opposite end of the free-space path.
  • Prior free-space optical cross-connect switches employ schemes for varying the launch trajectory of a collimated laser beam that require the use of a companion pilot beam for each information-bearing beam being launched.
  • Each of these pilot beams is aligned with a specific information-bearing beam and employed to guide that beam onto a photo-receptor which serves as a gateway to the desired exit route.
  • each photo-receptor is situated at the center of an array of photo-detectors.
  • a particular information-bearing beam, along with its companion pilot beam is launched toward a particular photo-receptor.
  • the surrounding photo-detectors sense the pilot beam, and provide feedback to a controller which directs the information-bearing beam directly onto the proper photo-receptor.
  • the position of the monitor component beam is directly related to that of the payload component beam. More specifically, target regions are designated upon the photo-sensor so that when the monitor component beam is positioned upon a given target region, the associated payload component beam is positioned upon a corresponding photo-receptor.
  • a controller receives positional information from the photo-sensor and, responsively, adjusts the launch trajectory of the information-bearing beam so as to cause the monitor component beam derived from the launched beam to be incident upon a specific target region.
  • the associated payload component is made incident upon a corresponding photo-receptor.
  • the monitor component beam is proportional to the payload component beam in both intensity and cross-sectional profile. This allows the photo-sensor to collect information indicative of payload component beam quality, thus providing a continuous and operationally transparent method of monitoring critical payload component beam characteristics.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in simplified form, a free-space optical switching apparatus including an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows the path of a collimated beam across the surface of the CCD area sensor of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 shows, in simplified form, a free-space optical switching apparatus including a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in simplified form, a preferred embodiment of the invention. Specifically, shown is optical switching apparatus 100, having free-space optical path 101. Collimated beam launcher 102 and beam trajectory adjusting means 103 are located at one end of free-space optical path 101. Photo-receptors 104, 105 and 106 are located at the opposite end of free-space optical path 101. Also shown, are partially-silvered mirror 107, CCD area sensor 108, processor/controller 109, and optical fibers 110, 111, 112, and 113. As illustrated in FIG. 1, processor/controller 109 is comprised of image processor 114, trajectory processor 115, and memory 116.
  • optical fiber 110 delivers collimated laser beam 117 to beam launcher 102, which launches the beam into free-space optical path 101 toward photo-receptors 104, 105 and 106.
  • the position of beam trajectory adjusting means 103 determines the particular trajectory the beam will have as it enters free-space optical path 101.
  • Methods of adjusting the trajectory of a laser beam as it exits an optical fiber are well known in the art; they include servocontrolled motor and piezo-electric driven positioning means.
  • the particular trajectory adjusting method employed is not critical, so long as rapid and accurate adjustments may be made in response to a control signal received from processor/controller 109.
  • Partially-silvered mirror 107 is positioned within free-space optical path 101 so that it lies in the path of collimated laser beam 117. A portion of laser beam 117 passes unobstructed through mirror 107, exiting as payload beam component 118. Another portion of beam 117 is reflected off of mirror 107 as monitor beam component 119. CCD area sensor 108 is positioned so that monitor beam component 119 will be incident upon its surface. The trajectory of payload beam component 118 and monitor beam component 119 are both functions of the trajectory of collimated laser beam 117.
  • CCD area sensor 108 Specific sections of CCD area sensor 108 are designated as target regions. These target regions are chosen so that when payload beam component 118 is incident upon a particular photo-receptor, monitor beam component 119 will be incident upon an corresponding target region.
  • FIG. 2 provides a detailed illustration of the surface of CCD area sensor 108.
  • CCD area sensors are comprised of a matrix of discrete photo-sensitive elements 201.
  • Area sensor 108 is shown to be a 256 ⁇ 256 matrix of elements; each element being represented as a rectangular region upon the surface of the sensor.
  • Individual photo-sensitive elements are identified by an address consisting of a column and row number (for purposes of illustration, the column and row numbers are shown in FIG. 2).
  • processor/controller 109 adjusts the trajectory of beam 117 so that payload beam component 118 is directed onto a particlar photo-receptor, thereby channeling the beam into an optical fiber and effecting an optical cross-connect.
  • processor/controller 109 would receive the request to execute a particular cross-connect from a network manager or other processor which controls signal routing.
  • image processor 114 scans CCD area sensor 108 and determines addresses of the elements which monitor beam component 119 (represented by the shaded circular area within target region 206) is incident upon. These addresses are passed to trajectory processor 115, which compares them to the element addresses for the target region corresponding to the particular photo-receptor to which payload beam component 118 is to be directed.
  • Trajectory processor 115 then transmits a control signal to beam trajectory adjusting means 103 so as to alter the launch trajectory of collimated laser beam 117 and, thereby cause monitor beam component 119 to be incident upon the elements associated with the desired target location. Feedback on the position of monitor beam component 119 is received by trajectory processor 115 in the form of the addresses of the elements upon which monitor beam component 119 is incident. This feedback enables trajectory processor 115 to monitor and correct any errors in the positioning of beam 117 and, hence, payload beam component 118.
  • an unintentional optical connection may result.
  • Translating monitor beam component 119 from target region 206 to target region 204, via the shortest path (shown as shaded arrow 301), would result in the monitor beam component passing directly across target region 205.
  • trajectory processor 115 is programmed to direct the monitor beam component around elements associated with non-destination target regions (see shaded arrow 302).
  • CCD area sensor 108 enables processor/controller 109 to monitor payload beam component quality as a function of monitor beam component quality.
  • CCD sensor 108 is configured so that the cross-sectional profile of monitor beam component 119 traverses a plurality of individual elements.
  • Image processor 114 collects information indicative of the average intensity of monitor beam component 119 incident upon the elements of CCD area sensor 108. This intensity information, which provides an accurate indication of the effective power and cross-sectional profile of monitor beam component 119, is passed from image processor 114 to trajectory processor 115.
  • Trajectory processor 115 compares the received information with profile and intensity standards stored in memory 116, thus allowing the detection of undesirable fluctuations in beam quality.
  • the quality of the monitor beam component provides an accurate measure of payload beam component quality.
  • FIG. 4 Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 4. Specifically, shown is optical switching apparatus 400, having free-space optical path 101. Collimated beam launcher 102 and beam trajectory adjusting means 103 are located at one end of free-space optical path 101; photo-receptors 404, 405 and 406 located at an opposite end. Also shown are partially-silvered mirror 107, CCD area sensor 108, processor/controller 109, and transmission means 410, 411, 412, and 413. As illustrated in FIG. 4, processor/controller 109 is comprised of image processor 114, trajectory processor 115, and memory 116.
  • an electrical signal as opposed to an optical signal, is delivered to optical switching apparatus 400.
  • This electrical signal is delivered via transmission means 410, to laser 402.
  • Laser 402 produces a collimated beam 117 in response to the delivered electrical signal, and launches that beam into free-space optical path 101 toward photo-receptors 404, 405 and 406.
  • photo-receptors 404, 405, and 406 do not channel incident payload component beams into optical fibers. Rather, each of the photo-receptors 404, 405 and 406 generates an electrical signal in response to incident laser beams.
  • These electrical signals are carried out of the optical switching apparatus 400 via electrical transmission means 411, 412, and 413.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
US07/863,660 1992-04-06 1992-04-06 Free-space optical switching apparatus Expired - Lifetime US5206497A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/863,660 US5206497A (en) 1992-04-06 1992-04-06 Free-space optical switching apparatus
DE69325202T DE69325202T2 (de) 1992-04-06 1993-03-25 Optische Vermittlungseinrichtung im freien Raum
EP93302282A EP0565276B1 (de) 1992-04-06 1993-03-25 Optische Vermittlungseinrichtung im freien Raum

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/863,660 US5206497A (en) 1992-04-06 1992-04-06 Free-space optical switching apparatus

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EP (1) EP0565276B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69325202T2 (de)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6005998A (en) * 1998-02-20 1999-12-21 Lucent Technologies Inc. Strictly non-blocking scalable matrix optical switch
US6208784B1 (en) 1998-12-07 2001-03-27 Multiplex Raceway Systems, Inc. Fiber optic multiple access system
US6243507B1 (en) 1999-06-07 2001-06-05 At&T Corp. Connection-verification in optical MEMS crossconnects via mirror-dither
US6285022B1 (en) 1999-10-18 2001-09-04 Lucent Technologies Inc. Front accessible optical beam switch
US6292600B1 (en) 1999-06-07 2001-09-18 At&T Corp. Angular-precision enhancement in free-space micromachined optical switches
US6516109B2 (en) 2000-05-30 2003-02-04 Siwave, Inc. Low insertion loss non-blocking optical switch
US20030063838A1 (en) * 2001-10-03 2003-04-03 Hagood Nesbitt W. Beam-Steering optical switching apparatus
US6567575B1 (en) 2000-03-03 2003-05-20 Lucent Technologies Inc. Method and apparatus for determining loss parameters for optical cross-connects
US6701036B2 (en) * 2001-03-19 2004-03-02 The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York Mirror, optical switch, and method for redirecting an optical signal
US20040129871A1 (en) * 2001-04-26 2004-07-08 Creo Srl Optical cross-connect switch
US6763160B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2004-07-13 Creo Srl Optical cross connect switch having improved alignment control system
US20040208422A1 (en) * 2001-10-03 2004-10-21 Hagood Nesbitt W. Beam-steering optical switching apparatus
US20040223684A1 (en) * 2003-05-09 2004-11-11 Creo Srl Calibration of optical cross-connect switches
US6947629B2 (en) 2002-09-24 2005-09-20 Transoptix, Inc. 3D image feedback optical beam alignment
US20050240792A1 (en) * 2004-04-02 2005-10-27 Sicola Stephen J Managed reliability storage system and method
US7122786B2 (en) * 2000-12-07 2006-10-17 Fujitsu Limited Controlling apparatus and controlling method of optical switching device
FR2905771A1 (fr) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-14 Alcatel Sa Module de commutation de longueurs d'ondes optiques

Families Citing this family (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5621829A (en) * 1996-04-02 1997-04-15 Lucent Technologies Inc. Fiber optic switching device and method using free space scanning
US6754431B2 (en) * 2001-10-24 2004-06-22 Intel Corporation Variable optical attenuator

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US5000534A (en) * 1988-12-05 1991-03-19 Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. Optical switch
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Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6005998A (en) * 1998-02-20 1999-12-21 Lucent Technologies Inc. Strictly non-blocking scalable matrix optical switch
US6208784B1 (en) 1998-12-07 2001-03-27 Multiplex Raceway Systems, Inc. Fiber optic multiple access system
US6243507B1 (en) 1999-06-07 2001-06-05 At&T Corp. Connection-verification in optical MEMS crossconnects via mirror-dither
US6292600B1 (en) 1999-06-07 2001-09-18 At&T Corp. Angular-precision enhancement in free-space micromachined optical switches
US6606428B2 (en) 1999-06-07 2003-08-12 At&T Corp. Angular-precision enhancement in free-space micromachined optical switches
US6285022B1 (en) 1999-10-18 2001-09-04 Lucent Technologies Inc. Front accessible optical beam switch
US6567575B1 (en) 2000-03-03 2003-05-20 Lucent Technologies Inc. Method and apparatus for determining loss parameters for optical cross-connects
US6516109B2 (en) 2000-05-30 2003-02-04 Siwave, Inc. Low insertion loss non-blocking optical switch
US7122786B2 (en) * 2000-12-07 2006-10-17 Fujitsu Limited Controlling apparatus and controlling method of optical switching device
US6701036B2 (en) * 2001-03-19 2004-03-02 The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York Mirror, optical switch, and method for redirecting an optical signal
US6941035B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2005-09-06 Creo Srl Optical cross-connect switch
US20040129871A1 (en) * 2001-04-26 2004-07-08 Creo Srl Optical cross-connect switch
US6763160B2 (en) 2001-04-26 2004-07-13 Creo Srl Optical cross connect switch having improved alignment control system
US7095916B2 (en) 2001-10-03 2006-08-22 Polatis Photonics, Inc. Beam-steering optical switching apparatus
US6785437B2 (en) 2001-10-03 2004-08-31 Continuum Photonics, Inc. Beam-steering optical switching apparatus
US20040208422A1 (en) * 2001-10-03 2004-10-21 Hagood Nesbitt W. Beam-steering optical switching apparatus
US20030063838A1 (en) * 2001-10-03 2003-04-03 Hagood Nesbitt W. Beam-Steering optical switching apparatus
US20050030840A1 (en) * 2001-10-03 2005-02-10 Continuum Photonics, Inc. Beam-steering optical switching apparatus
US20030076604A1 (en) * 2001-10-03 2003-04-24 Hagood Nesbitt W. Beam-steering optical switching apparatus
US6738539B2 (en) 2001-10-03 2004-05-18 Continuum Photonics Beam-steering optical switching apparatus
US6947629B2 (en) 2002-09-24 2005-09-20 Transoptix, Inc. 3D image feedback optical beam alignment
US20040223684A1 (en) * 2003-05-09 2004-11-11 Creo Srl Calibration of optical cross-connect switches
US20050240792A1 (en) * 2004-04-02 2005-10-27 Sicola Stephen J Managed reliability storage system and method
US7350046B2 (en) * 2004-04-02 2008-03-25 Seagate Technology Llc Managed reliability storage system and method monitoring storage conditions
FR2905771A1 (fr) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-14 Alcatel Sa Module de commutation de longueurs d'ondes optiques
EP1901099A2 (de) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-19 Alcatel Lucent Schaltmodul für optische Wellenlängen
EP1901099A3 (de) * 2006-09-12 2011-08-24 Alcatel Lucent Schaltmodul für optische Wellenlängen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69325202T2 (de) 1999-11-11
EP0565276B1 (de) 1999-06-09
DE69325202D1 (de) 1999-07-15
EP0565276A3 (en) 1995-04-05
EP0565276A2 (de) 1993-10-13

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