US4897185A - Cell processing apparatus and method - Google Patents

Cell processing apparatus and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US4897185A
US4897185A US07/254,392 US25439288A US4897185A US 4897185 A US4897185 A US 4897185A US 25439288 A US25439288 A US 25439288A US 4897185 A US4897185 A US 4897185A
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United States
Prior art keywords
separating device
membrane
cell suspension
cells
centrifuge
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US07/254,392
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert J. Schuyler
Robert L. White
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Terumo BCT Inc
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Cobe Laboratories Inc
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Application filed by Cobe Laboratories Inc filed Critical Cobe Laboratories Inc
Assigned to COBE LABORATORIES, INC., LAKEWOOD, CO A CORP. OF CO reassignment COBE LABORATORIES, INC., LAKEWOOD, CO A CORP. OF CO ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: SCHUYLER, ROBERT J., WHITE, ROBERT L.
Priority to US07/254,392 priority Critical patent/US4897185A/en
Priority to CA000614337A priority patent/CA1304309C/en
Priority to AU42487/89A priority patent/AU605697B2/en
Priority to DE3933315A priority patent/DE3933315A1/de
Priority to GB8922449A priority patent/GB2224954B/en
Priority to IT06785389A priority patent/IT1238403B/it
Priority to FR8913097A priority patent/FR2637610B1/fr
Priority to JP1261894A priority patent/JPH0720490B2/ja
Publication of US4897185A publication Critical patent/US4897185A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Assigned to GAMBRO, INC. reassignment GAMBRO, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: COBE LABORATORIES, INC.
Assigned to CITICORP TRUSTEE COMPANY LIMITED, AS SECURITY AGENT reassignment CITICORP TRUSTEE COMPANY LIMITED, AS SECURITY AGENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: GAMBRO, INC.
Assigned to GAMBRO BCT, INC. reassignment GAMBRO BCT, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GAMBRO, INC.
Assigned to CARIDIANBCT, INC. reassignment CARIDIANBCT, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GAMBRO BCT, INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to CARIDIANBCT, INC. reassignment CARIDIANBCT, INC. RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CITICORP TRUSTEE COMPANY LIMITED, AS SECURITY AGENT
Assigned to GAMBRO, INC. reassignment GAMBRO, INC. RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CITICORP TRUSTEE COMPANY LIMITED, AS SECURITY AGENT
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/147—Microfiltration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/02—Blood transfusion apparatus
    • A61M1/0209—Multiple bag systems for separating or storing blood components
    • A61M1/0218—Multiple bag systems for separating or storing blood components with filters
    • A61M1/0222—Multiple bag systems for separating or storing blood components with filters and filter bypass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
    • A61M1/3472—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration with treatment of the filtrate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
    • A61M1/3693—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits using separation based on different densities of components, e.g. centrifuging
    • A61M1/3696—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits using separation based on different densities of components, e.g. centrifuging with means for adding or withdrawing liquid substances during the centrifugation, e.g. continuous centrifugation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/22—Controlling or regulating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
    • A61M1/3693—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits using separation based on different densities of components, e.g. centrifuging
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/04—Liquids
    • A61M2202/0405—Lymph
    • A61M2202/0407—Lymphocytes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to concentrating cells, e.g., cells that have been removed from a patient and have been cultured and are being prepared for return to the patient.
  • a Cobe Laboratories, Inc. (IBM) 2991 centrifuge has been used in such procedures to separate cells from the culture medium and metabolites prior to returning the cells to a patient.
  • the cells are subjected to plural centrifuge operations with application of a rinse solution between centrifuge operations after the cells have been concentrated.
  • the use of the 2991 centrifuge to concentrate and wash other types of cells is described in Gilmore, M.J.M.L., et al., "A Technique for the Concentration of Nucleated Bone Marrow Cells for in vitro Manipulation or Cryopreservation Using the IBM 2991 Blood Cell Processor", Vol. 45, Vox Sano. (1983), pp. 294-302; Wooten, M.J. et al., "Use and Analysis of Saline Washed Red Blood Cells", Vol. 16, No. 5, Transfusion (1976) pp. 464-468.
  • our invention features passing cells in a suspension through a membrane separating device in which cell-free fluid passes through a membrane in order to preconcentrate the cells before concentrating them further in a centrifuge. This significantly shortens the time necessary to concentrate cells and reduces centrifugal exposure of the cells.
  • pumps are used to pump the cell suspension into the membrane separating device and to remove cell-free fluid from the membrane separating device; the cell suspension may be filtered prior to passing into the membrane separating device; a prime solution bag, a cell suspension reservoir, and a pressure monitor are provided upstream of the membrane separating device; a centrifuge reservoir bag is provided between the membrane separating device outlet and the centrifuge; a waste line is connected to carry cell-free fluid to a waste pump; and a bypass line is connected between the waste line and the outlet of the membrane separating device.
  • the drawing is a hydraulic flow diagram of apparatus for processing a cell suspension according to the invention.
  • apparatus 10 for processing lymphocyte cells cultured in culture bags 12.
  • Culture bags 12, prime saline bag 14 and rinse saline bag 16 are connected via line 17 to peristaltic cell suspension pump 18.
  • Clamps 20, 22, and 24 control flow from culture bags 12, prime saline bag 14, and rinse saline bag 16, respectively.
  • Pressure sensor 30 is connected to sense the pressure at the outlet of cell suspension pump 18.
  • Screen prefilter 32 is connected between the outlet of cell suspension pump 18 and inlet 33 of hollow fiber membrane separating device 34.
  • Hollow fiber separating device 34 is available under the trade designation PAN 200 from Asahi, Japan; it includes polyacrylonitrile membrane hollow fibers having a molecular weight cutoff of 50,000 to 55,000.
  • Membrane separating device 34 has high permeability to water and small molecules but very low permeability to proteins and particles of cellular dimensions.
  • Inlet 33 and outlet 35 communicate through respective manifolds to the interiors of hollow fibers.
  • Permeate ports 42, 44 communicate with the regions outside of the fibers within the outer shell of device 34.
  • Bypass line 36 and clamp 38 thereon are connected in parallel with prefilter 32.
  • Outlet 35 of membrane separating device 34 is connected via line 37 to the inlet to centrifuge reservoir bag 40.
  • Permeate port 42 is blocked, and permeate port 44 is connected via waste line 46 to waste bag 48.
  • Pressure sensor 50 is connected to sense the pressure in line 46.
  • Waste pump 52 is connected along line 46 to control pumping into waste bag 48.
  • Bypass line 54 is connected between outlet 35 of membrane separating device 34 and waste line 46.
  • Clamp 56 is used to control flow from permeate port 44, and clamp 58 is used to control flow through line 54.
  • the outlet of centrifuge reservoir bag 40 is connected to centrifuge collection bag 60, located within rotating bowl 64 of centrifuge 67 (a 2991 centrifuge from Cobe Laboratories, Inc., not shown) via flow line 62.
  • Wash line 66 is used to connect an alternate source of liquid to centrifuge collection bag 60, and supernatant line 68 is used to convey supernatant to waste bag 48.
  • lymphocyte cells that have been removed from a patient are cultured in bags 12, e.g., for three or four days.
  • apparatus 10 is used to process the cultured cells prior to returning them to the patient.
  • Clamp 22 is opened, and the solution in prime saline bag 14 is pumped through pump 18, filter 32, line 36, and the interiors of the hollow fibers in device 34 to prime the circuit and to rinse glycerol from separating device 34.
  • Clamps 59 and 44 are closed so that the prime solution flows through lines 54, 46 to waste bag 48, tube 46 not being loaded into pump 52 at this time.
  • clamp 56 is open, and clamp 58 is closed, in order to prime the volume in separator 34 outside of the hollow fibers.
  • line 46 is loaded into pump 52, clamp 22 is closed, and clamp 20 is opened so that the cultured cells in suspension in bags 12 can be pumped through the circuit via pump 18.
  • Clamp 58 is closed, and clamp 59 is opened.
  • the priming solution in the circuit flows through lines 54 and 46 into waste bag 48.
  • the concentrated cell suspension from membrane separating device 34 flows into centrifuge reservoir bag 40 and from there into bag 60 in centrifuge 64.
  • Cell suspension pump 18 pumps the cell suspension into membrane separating device 34, and waste pump 52 pulls cell-free fluid across the hollow fiber membranes and pumps it into waste bag 48.
  • the difference in pumping rates between cell suspension pump 18 and waste pump 52 equals the rate at which the concentrated cell suspension is delivered to centrifuge reservoir bag 40. For best efficiency, this rate is approximately the same rate as processing fluid in centrifuge 67.
  • the processing in centrifuge bag 60 involves concentrating the cultured cells of interest and overflow of the supernatant through line 68.
  • Filter 32 may be used to remove cellular clumps which could clog hollow fiber device 34.
  • Bypass line 36 is used if filtration at filter 32 is not needed or if filter 32 becomes clogged.
  • Pressure is monitored downstream of cell suspension pump 18 by pressure sensor 30 and on waste line 46 by pressure sensor 50.
  • clamp 24 is opened and clamp 20 is closed to cause rinse saline to flow from bag 16 while pumps 18, 52 continue to pump to concentrate the cell suspension still in the circuit and transport it to centrifuge reservoir bag 60.
  • the pumps continue to pump until sufficient rinse saline has passed through hollow fiber device 34.
  • wash solution from wash line 66 is applied to remove media and metabolites from the cells collected in bag 60, according to the usual procedures.
  • the cells are then resuspended and reinfused into the patient, also according to the usual procedures.
  • the pre-concentration step in separator 34 significantly shortens the time required for harvest and also reduces the centrifugal exposure of the harvested cells.
  • membrane separating devices can be used, for example, devices are available with larger maximum pore sizes up to 0.5 microns. Lymphocytes generally have diameters greater than 10 microns. These devices do not hold back proteins; the PAN 200 device described above does.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
US07/254,392 1988-10-06 1988-10-06 Cell processing apparatus and method Expired - Lifetime US4897185A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/254,392 US4897185A (en) 1988-10-06 1988-10-06 Cell processing apparatus and method
CA000614337A CA1304309C (en) 1988-10-06 1989-09-28 Cell processing apparatus and method
AU42487/89A AU605697B2 (en) 1988-10-06 1989-10-03 Cell processing apparatus and method
DE3933315A DE3933315A1 (de) 1988-10-06 1989-10-05 Zellverarbeitungseinrichtung
GB8922449A GB2224954B (en) 1988-10-06 1989-10-05 Cell processing apparatus and method
IT06785389A IT1238403B (it) 1988-10-06 1989-10-05 Apparecchiatura per il trattamento di cellule
FR8913097A FR2637610B1 (fr) 1988-10-06 1989-10-06 Appareil et procede de traitement des cellules
JP1261894A JPH0720490B2 (ja) 1988-10-06 1989-10-06 細胞懸濁液に含まれる細胞の処理装置

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/254,392 US4897185A (en) 1988-10-06 1988-10-06 Cell processing apparatus and method

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US4897185A true US4897185A (en) 1990-01-30

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US (1) US4897185A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPH0720490B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU605697B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1304309C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3933315A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2637610B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB2224954B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1238403B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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US5135667A (en) * 1990-06-14 1992-08-04 Baxter International Inc. Method and apparatus for administration of anticoagulant to red cell suspension output of a blood separator
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US6695803B1 (en) 1998-10-16 2004-02-24 Mission Medical, Inc. Blood processing system
US20050260174A1 (en) * 2001-12-07 2005-11-24 Fraser John K Systems and methods for treating patients with processed lipoaspirate cells
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US7595043B2 (en) 2001-12-07 2009-09-29 Cytori Therapeutics, Inc. Method for processing and using adipose-derived stem cells
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US20090304644A1 (en) * 2006-05-30 2009-12-10 Cytori Therapeutics, Inc. Systems and methods for manipulation of regenerative cells separated and concentrated from adipose tissue
US20100015104A1 (en) * 2006-07-26 2010-01-21 Cytori Therapeutics, Inc Generation of adipose tissue and adipocytes
US7651684B2 (en) 2001-12-07 2010-01-26 Cytori Therapeutics, Inc. Methods of using adipose tissue-derived cells in augmenting autologous fat transfer
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US8105580B2 (en) 2001-12-07 2012-01-31 Cytori Therapeutics, Inc. Methods of using adipose derived stem cells to promote wound healing
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US20200085340A1 (en) * 2018-09-18 2020-03-19 Case Western Reserve University Magneto-optical detection of a disease component using magnetic nanoparticles
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Cited By (77)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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FR2637610A1 (fr) 1990-04-13
GB2224954B (en) 1992-04-08
FR2637610B1 (fr) 1994-07-22
GB2224954A (en) 1990-05-23
IT8967853A0 (it) 1989-10-05
AU4248789A (en) 1990-04-12
CA1304309C (en) 1992-06-30
GB8922449D0 (en) 1989-11-22
DE3933315C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1993-06-09
JPH0720490B2 (ja) 1995-03-08
IT8967853A1 (it) 1991-04-05
IT1238403B (it) 1993-07-26
AU605697B2 (en) 1991-01-17
DE3933315A1 (de) 1990-04-12
JPH02168960A (ja) 1990-06-29

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