US4882064A - Method of removing impurities from hard waters or waters with significant calcium/magnesium concentrations - Google Patents

Method of removing impurities from hard waters or waters with significant calcium/magnesium concentrations Download PDF

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Publication number
US4882064A
US4882064A US07/065,153 US6515387A US4882064A US 4882064 A US4882064 A US 4882064A US 6515387 A US6515387 A US 6515387A US 4882064 A US4882064 A US 4882064A
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United States
Prior art keywords
coagulant
water
adsorbent
softened
washing
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US07/065,153
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English (en)
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David R. Dixon
Nevil J. Anderson
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Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO
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Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in processes for water clarification.
  • the invention is concerned with improvements and modifications of the water clarification processes described in our Australian Pat. No. 512,553 and patent application No. 40032/78.
  • a "coagulant/adsorbent” consisting of a finely-divided particulate material, the individual particles of which have been treated to produce a thin hydroxylated surface layer having a positive zeta potential at the adsorption pH.
  • "Adsorption pH” is defined as the pH of the water under treatment and for successful operation of the process must be within the range of pH where suspended solids and natural colouring matters in the water retain some of their negative charge.
  • the adsorption pH ranges usually from about 3 to about 5 and is most typically the latter. This places some restrictions on the types of water which can be treated and/or renders it necessary to adjust the pH of the water to be treated.
  • a method for clarifying water which is hard and/or has a pH in excess of 5 which comprises contacting the water at its natural pH with a coagulant/adsorbent which comprises a finely divided particulate mineral material, the individual particles of which have a thin hydroxylated surface layer having a positive zeta potential at the adsorption pH (as hereinafter defined).
  • hard water as used herein has its usual meaning, that is it implies the presence in the water of significant concentrations of calcium and/or magnesium ions.
  • the adsorption pH may range from about 5 up to 8.5, or possibly more. Because the presence of calcium and/or magnesium ions in the water to be treated actually enhances the adsorption process, there is no determinable upper limit to the permissible concentration of these ions in the water to be treated. Furthermore, the higher the concentration of calcium and/or magnesium ions in the water to be treated, the higher is the adsorption pH which can be utilized.
  • the preferred coagulant/adsorbent is magnetite, preferably having a particle size of less than 10 microns, more preferably 1 to 5 microns.
  • the preferred coagulant/adsorbent materials i.e., those typified by magnetite in which the hydroxylated surface layer is derived directly from the substance of the particles, are formed by suspending the particles in an alkali solution for a short period of time, preferably in the presence of air. The particles are then separated from the solution, e.g., by filtration or decantation, and washed with water by the same technique.
  • Water treatment is carried out simply by mixing the water to be treated with the coagulant/adsorbent particles, in either a batch or (preferably) continuous process, stirring or agitating the mixture for a period sufficient to allow the suspended (colloidal) impurities and colouring matter in the water to adhere to the particles and separating the particles from the water.
  • a polyelectrolyte may be added during the mixing stage, as described in our patent application No. 40032/78.
  • the acid wash can be omitted if the pH of the water to be treated with the regenerated adsorbent is 6 or less.
  • the present invention includes a method for the regeneration of a loaded coagulant/adsorbent (produced in the above-defined method) which comprises:
  • the degree of softness of the water for the various steps will vary according to the pH and hardness of the feed water in the clarification process. Generally, the efficiency of regeneration and the washing steps decreases as the hardness of the water used therein increases but the latter can be as high as 20 ppm of total Ca/Mg without undue detriment. More specifically, using magnetite as the coagulant/adsorbent, it is preferred that the total Ca/Mg in all of the water contacted with the magnetite during regeneration and washing should preferably not exceed 1 meq. per 10 g of magnetite.
  • the magnetite particles (10 ml) were added to 200 ml of a sodium hydroxide solution of appropriate concentration (e.g., 0.05N) and stirred for 5 to 10 minutes at 25° C. The particles were then filtered and washed with water.
  • a sodium hydroxide solution of appropriate concentration (e.g., 0.05N)
  • a 1 l sample of water is contacted with 10 ml of magnetite for 15 minutes at 160 RPM at the optimum pH (determined in prior experiments). The stirring is stopped and the magnetite allowed to settle for 5 minutes. The unfiltered supernatant liquor is then analysed for residual turbidity and colour.
  • Clarification was possible at the natural pH, using 1% magnetite with low levels of a number of different polyelectrolytes to reduce turbidity to 0.4 N.T.U. and colour to 3 Pt-Co units.
  • regeneration by alkali treatment at pH 10.5 failed to release any turbidity or colour. This shows that hardness helps clarification but hinders regeneration. In this case the hardness was present on the magnetite due to adsorption of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions at pH 7.9 in the clarification stage.
  • the magnetite samples were regenerated by alkali treatment at pH 10.5 (i.e., the conditions that previously had failed to achieve turbidity or colour release) and the results are shown in the following table for four magnetite samples which had been used in conjunction with different polyelectrolytes.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
US07/065,153 1981-04-06 1987-06-19 Method of removing impurities from hard waters or waters with significant calcium/magnesium concentrations Expired - Lifetime US4882064A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPE833081 1981-04-06
AUPE8330 1981-04-06

Related Parent Applications (1)

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US06567150 Continuation 1984-01-03

Publications (1)

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US4882064A true US4882064A (en) 1989-11-21

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US07/065,153 Expired - Lifetime US4882064A (en) 1981-04-06 1987-06-19 Method of removing impurities from hard waters or waters with significant calcium/magnesium concentrations

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US (1) US4882064A (enrdf_load_html_response)
JP (1) JPS57177385A (enrdf_load_html_response)
AU (1) AU554857B2 (enrdf_load_html_response)
CA (1) CA1176386A (enrdf_load_html_response)
DE (1) DE3212681A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (1) FR2503128B1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB2096126B (enrdf_load_html_response)
MY (1) MY8700732A (enrdf_load_html_response)
NL (1) NL8201445A (enrdf_load_html_response)
SG (1) SG61687G (enrdf_load_html_response)
ZA (1) ZA822230B (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5453206A (en) * 1991-05-27 1995-09-26 Modern Environmental Service Trust Process for removing silica from aqueous liquors
US5522992A (en) * 1991-07-18 1996-06-04 Cervantes; Raul P. Solution treatment device
US6099738A (en) * 1997-12-17 2000-08-08 Micromag Corporation Method and system for removing solutes from a fluid using magnetically conditioned coagulation
US20080203015A1 (en) * 2007-01-09 2008-08-28 Marston Peter G System and method for enhancing an activated sludge process
US20100155327A1 (en) * 2007-01-09 2010-06-24 Steven Woodard System and method for enhancing a wastewater treatment process
US8540877B2 (en) 2007-01-09 2013-09-24 Siemens Water Technologies Llc Ballasted sequencing batch reactor system and method for treating wastewater
US8623205B2 (en) 2007-01-09 2014-01-07 Siemens Water Technologies Llc Ballasted anaerobic system
US8840786B2 (en) 2007-01-09 2014-09-23 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc System and method for removing dissolved contaminants, particulate contaminants, and oil contaminants from industrial waste water
US9651523B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2017-05-16 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc System for measuring the concentration of magnetic ballast in a slurry
CN107986494A (zh) * 2017-12-05 2018-05-04 云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司 一种脱除铅锌选矿废水中铅离子的方法
US10919792B2 (en) 2012-06-11 2021-02-16 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc Treatment using fixed film processes and ballasted settling

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991002698A1 (en) * 1989-08-16 1991-03-07 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Improved sewage treatment process
KR950006680B1 (ko) * 1990-12-07 1995-06-21 엔비론 움베르트슈츠 아크티엔게젤샤프트 정수방법
JP2902511B2 (ja) * 1991-12-24 1999-06-07 三菱電機株式会社 超純水の製造装置、製造方法及び製造装置の制御方法
DE4446122A1 (de) * 1994-12-22 1996-06-27 Sued Chemie Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Adsorbens für anionische Verbindungen und dessen Verwendung

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3142638A (en) * 1962-06-29 1964-07-28 Blaisdell Donald Stapf Process for separating solids from sewage
US3887498A (en) * 1973-03-12 1975-06-03 Morton Norwich Products Inc Method for regeneration of cation exchange resins and for removal of iron deposits therefrom
US4083782A (en) * 1973-03-12 1978-04-11 Rohm And Haas Company Water conditioning process
US4094778A (en) * 1977-06-27 1978-06-13 Union Carbide Corporation Sequestering of CA++ and MG++ in aqueous media using zeolite mixtures
US4216086A (en) * 1977-05-27 1980-08-05 Lang John L Process for clarifying water
US4279756A (en) * 1976-05-03 1981-07-21 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organization Water clarification

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US1545322A (en) * 1922-10-28 1925-07-07 Hebden Sugar Process Corp Regeneration of sugar-purifying reagents
US2036258A (en) * 1932-10-05 1936-04-07 Johns Manville Electropositive composition and method of making the same
US3233741A (en) * 1961-06-20 1966-02-08 Johns Manville Filter aid and method of purifying liquids using the same
GB1214532A (en) * 1967-02-16 1970-12-02 Simonacco Ltd Improvements in or relating to the treatment of aqueous materials
US3499837A (en) * 1967-11-20 1970-03-10 Johns Manville Waste water treatment phosphate removal by iron oxide
DE2719529A1 (de) * 1976-05-03 1977-11-24 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Koagulations- und adsorptionsmittel zur wasserklaerung, unter seiner verwendung durchgefuehrtes wasserklaerungsverfahren und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
GB1563996A (en) * 1976-08-20 1980-04-02 City University Of St John Str Method of promoting the sedimentation of clay particles or other negatively charged particles in aqueous suspension
DE2731939A1 (de) * 1977-07-14 1979-02-01 Feldmuehle Ag Verfahren zur reinigung von wasser, insbesondere abwaessern der zellstoff- und papierindustrie
AU518159B2 (en) * 1977-09-22 1981-09-17 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation use of polyelectrolytes in water clarification
GB2019378A (en) * 1978-04-20 1979-10-31 Ici Ltd Flocculation and removal of organic or inorganic matter from suspensions
DE2926606A1 (de) * 1979-07-02 1981-01-22 Henkel Kgaa Verfahren zur behandlung von abwaessern

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3142638A (en) * 1962-06-29 1964-07-28 Blaisdell Donald Stapf Process for separating solids from sewage
US3887498A (en) * 1973-03-12 1975-06-03 Morton Norwich Products Inc Method for regeneration of cation exchange resins and for removal of iron deposits therefrom
US4083782A (en) * 1973-03-12 1978-04-11 Rohm And Haas Company Water conditioning process
US4279756A (en) * 1976-05-03 1981-07-21 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organization Water clarification
US4216086A (en) * 1977-05-27 1980-08-05 Lang John L Process for clarifying water
US4094778A (en) * 1977-06-27 1978-06-13 Union Carbide Corporation Sequestering of CA++ and MG++ in aqueous media using zeolite mixtures

Non-Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Aquatic Chemistry, An Introduction Emphasizing Chemical Equilibria in Natural Waters, Wiley and Sons, p. 478. *
Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 7, No. 1, Jan. 1973 (Article by S. R. Jenkins entitled Effect of Selected Cation Concentration on Coagulation and Adhesion to Silica Surfaces of ∂--MnO2.
Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 7, No. 1, Jan. 1973 (Article by S. R. Jenkins entitled Effect of Selected Cation Concentration on Coagulation and Adhesion to Silica Surfaces of MnO 2 . *
Fine Particles Processing, vol. 1, Proceedings of the International Symposium for Fine Particles Processing, Las Vegas, 1980, published by Amer. Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc., 1980. *
Standard Methods, Hardness, Thirteenth Edition, pp. 178 179, American Public Health Association. *
Standard Methods, Hardness, Thirteenth Edition, pp. 178-179, American Public Health Association.

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5453206A (en) * 1991-05-27 1995-09-26 Modern Environmental Service Trust Process for removing silica from aqueous liquors
US5522992A (en) * 1991-07-18 1996-06-04 Cervantes; Raul P. Solution treatment device
US6099738A (en) * 1997-12-17 2000-08-08 Micromag Corporation Method and system for removing solutes from a fluid using magnetically conditioned coagulation
US8540877B2 (en) 2007-01-09 2013-09-24 Siemens Water Technologies Llc Ballasted sequencing batch reactor system and method for treating wastewater
US8673142B2 (en) 2007-01-09 2014-03-18 Siemens Water Technologies Llc System for enhancing a wastewater treatment process
US20100155327A1 (en) * 2007-01-09 2010-06-24 Steven Woodard System and method for enhancing a wastewater treatment process
US8470172B2 (en) 2007-01-09 2013-06-25 Siemens Industry, Inc. System for enhancing a wastewater treatment process
US8506800B2 (en) 2007-01-09 2013-08-13 Siemens Industry, Inc. System for enhancing a wastewater treatment process
US20080203015A1 (en) * 2007-01-09 2008-08-28 Marston Peter G System and method for enhancing an activated sludge process
US8623205B2 (en) 2007-01-09 2014-01-07 Siemens Water Technologies Llc Ballasted anaerobic system
US7695623B2 (en) 2007-01-09 2010-04-13 Cambridge Water Technology, Inc. System and method for enhancing an activated sludge process
US8702987B2 (en) 2007-01-09 2014-04-22 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc Methods for enhancing a wastewater treatment process
US8840786B2 (en) 2007-01-09 2014-09-23 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc System and method for removing dissolved contaminants, particulate contaminants, and oil contaminants from industrial waste water
US8845901B2 (en) 2007-01-09 2014-09-30 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc Ballasted anaerobic method for treating wastewater
US10023486B2 (en) 2007-01-09 2018-07-17 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc Ballasted sequencing batch reactor system and method for treating wastewater
US10919792B2 (en) 2012-06-11 2021-02-16 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc Treatment using fixed film processes and ballasted settling
US9651523B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2017-05-16 Evoqua Water Technologies Llc System for measuring the concentration of magnetic ballast in a slurry
CN107986494A (zh) * 2017-12-05 2018-05-04 云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司 一种脱除铅锌选矿废水中铅离子的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3212681C2 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1991-10-10
FR2503128A1 (fr) 1982-10-08
AU8236582A (en) 1982-10-14
DE3212681A1 (de) 1982-11-25
ZA822230B (en) 1983-02-23
NL8201445A (nl) 1982-11-01
GB2096126A (en) 1982-10-13
GB2096126B (en) 1984-09-05
JPS57177385A (en) 1982-11-01
CA1176386A (en) 1984-10-16
JPH0322239B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1991-03-26
MY8700732A (en) 1987-12-31
SG61687G (en) 1987-10-23
FR2503128B1 (fr) 1986-03-07
AU554857B2 (en) 1986-09-04

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