US4502361A - Method and apparatus for dynamic reproduction of transient and steady state voices in an electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for dynamic reproduction of transient and steady state voices in an electronic musical instrument Download PDF

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US4502361A
US4502361A US06/559,585 US55958583A US4502361A US 4502361 A US4502361 A US 4502361A US 55958583 A US55958583 A US 55958583A US 4502361 A US4502361 A US 4502361A
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waveform
steady state
transient
cycles
attack
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English (en)
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Jouko O. Viitanen
John T. Whitefield
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MUSICCO LLC
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Allen Organ Co
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Assigned to ALLEN ORGAN COMPANY reassignment ALLEN ORGAN COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: WHITEFIELD, JOHN T., VIITANEN, JOUKO O.
Priority to DE8484308379T priority patent/DE3481875D1/de
Priority to EP84308379A priority patent/EP0149896B1/en
Priority to JP59256611A priority patent/JPS60162297A/ja
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H7/00—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs
    • G10H7/02—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs in which amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform are stored in one or more memories
    • G10H7/04—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs in which amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform are stored in one or more memories in which amplitudes are read at varying rates, e.g. according to pitch
    • G10H7/045—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs in which amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform are stored in one or more memories in which amplitudes are read at varying rates, e.g. according to pitch using an auxiliary register or set of registers, e.g. a shift-register, in which the amplitudes are transferred before being read
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos

Definitions

  • the voice period address generator is set to some integer number of periods less than its full count so that the voice memory data associated with the higher order periods may be repeated again. As long as the note generator associated with the depressed key remains claimed, some number of steady state waveform periods will be repeated and the tone reproduced through the audio system.
  • the output of an attack/decay processor which had abruptly risen to full value on initial key depression allowing the attack envelope to be generated, will begin to decrease in a specified manner until audible sound ceases.
  • the attack envelope is contained intrinsically to the stored attack transient portion of the waveform.
  • the point to which the voice period address returns can be fixed or random.
  • the voice period address may be set to repeat the last period only, or return a specified number of periods and count to its maximum.
  • the recirculating period can also be made to return a random number of periods and count to the maximum.
  • a modification to the random return count is to return a random number of periods and count through a single period only and randomly shift to another point, either forward or backward, and count through a second single period.
  • the random shifting modes an interesting wind-like noise is produced which can add to the realism as in speaking pipes which produce such a wind noise even during sustained play.
  • the present invention functions to reproduce the complete attack transient and steady state portions of a waveform.
  • an apparatus consistent with the present invention for reproducing the complete attack transient and steady state portions of a waveform, comprises means for detecting the depression or release of a key switch, means for storing a complete attack transient of a waveform and a predetermined number of full cycles of the steady state of the waveform wherein said waveform contains envelope characteristics and varies both its harmonic and non-harmonic content with time.
  • Addresses are generated for selectively causing the reading from the storage means the complete attack transient of the waveform and the predetermined number of fully cycles of the steady state of the waveform. Addresses are also generated for selectively causing the repeated reading from the storage means, either randomly or in a predetermined pattern, a number of cycles of the steady state of said waveform until release of the depressed key switch. Addresses are further generated for selectively causing the continued repeated reading from the storage means, either randomly or in a predetermined pattern, a number of cycles of the steady state of the waveform during the decay transient of the waveform until audio ceases.
  • the generated addresses cause the selective reading from the storage means of each cycle or period of the attack transient of the waveform and each cycle or period of the steady state of the waveform.
  • Each cycle or period of the waveform is comprised of a group of amplitude samples obtained from a recording and analysis of the actual instrument sound being reproduced.
  • the final method of controlling the amount of recirculation of the steady state portion of the waveform is accomplished by incorporating in the voice memory data located in the first addressed amplitude sample of the first cycle of the attack transient portion of the waveform a digital code for limiting the randomly generated addresses to a predetermined range.
  • An attack/decay processing means is used for generating envelope amplitudes for the selected waveforms in response to a signal having a value indicative of an attack or a decay.
  • the envelope amplitude abruptly goes to full scale on the occurrence of a signal having a value indicative of an attack to allow the stored attack transient of the waveform containing the envelope characteristics to be read out without limitation.
  • On the occurrence of the signal having a value indicative of decay the envelope amplitude is generated in a predetermined pattern according to the envelope characteristics previously stored in memory.
  • a means for storing a complete decay transient of a waveform and for generating addresses for selectively causing the reading form the storage means the complete decay transient of the waveform until audio ceases is disclosed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram, in the form of a block diagram, of an electronic musical instrument embodying an apparatus for dynamically reproducing the transient and steady state portions of the selected waveform in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block and logic diagram of the voice period address generator of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a block and logic diagram of the pseudo-random generator and recirculation control means of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram, in the form of a block diagram, of an electronic musical instrument embodying an apparatus for dynamically reproducing the transient and steady state portions of the selected waveform in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a block and logic diagram of the voice period address generator of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a block and logic diagram of the recirculation control and voice memory data inhibit means of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic, in block diagram form, of an electronic musical instrument in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • An electronic musical instrument or digital electronic musical instrument in which the present invention may be applied and used is described in detail in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,610,799 and 3,639,913 which are assigned to the assignee of the present invention. Reference may be had to these patents for detailed descriptions of the components referred to herein other than the instant invention producing structural relationships in accordance with the invention.
  • the attack/decay processor of the present invention as it relates to frequency synthesization and key assignment logic is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,610,805 which is also assigned to the assignee of the present invention. Reference may also be had to this patent for detailed descriptions of components referred to herein other than the instant invention producing similar structural relationships in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a set of keys or key switches 10 making up the keyboard of the electronic musical instrument.
  • the key switches 10 are used in the generic sense and will be referred to herein as keys, being the keys of various electronic musical instruments.
  • the activity of the key, the actuation or depression and release thereof, is encoded in a time-division multiplexed format in accordance with the teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 3,610,799.
  • the time-division multiplexed signal proceeds to a frequency synthesizer 12 which generates a frequency number N corresponding to the actuated key.
  • the frequency number N is generated in a serial format and proceeds to note generator 14.
  • Note generator 14 denotes a number of note generators in accordance with the teachings of the previously mentioned patent. However, it is to be understood that the number of note generators could be greater in number or limited to one if only a single note is required to sound at a time.
  • the frequency synthesizer 12 also generates a timing pulse, BT, which is used for internal timing functions in the note generators.
  • the internal timing functions in the note generators refer to the 12 ⁇ sec time slots allotted to each multiplexed channel, each channel corresponding to a note generator.
  • Frequency synthesizer 12 also supplies keyboard division, octave and note information along lines 16 to the key assigner 18.
  • Key assigner 18 generates a claiming pulse, FGAT, for claiming any one of the note generators in note generator 14 in accordance with the internal timing functions.
  • Frequency synthesizer 12, note generator 14, and key assigner 18 are each controlled by a master system clock, MCLK.
  • the final stage of note generator 14 the voice sample address generator, generates an address which is transmitted to the voice memory 24 to provide the correct memory location to be read out within the multiplexing scheme of the keyboard musical instrument.
  • An appropriately chosen output line of the voice sample address generator is used for control of the voice period address generator 26 which will be described more fully hereinafter.
  • the key assigner 18 Concurrently, with the generating of the voice sample address from generator 14, the key assigner 18 generates a read command to the voice selection control 20.
  • the voice selection control 20 senses which of the stop tab switches 22 are selected and generates an address to voice memory 24 which designates the memory locations of a specific voice or voices in accordance with the setting of the stop tab switches 22.
  • the memory address from the voice selection control 20 is generated simultaneously with the voice sample address from the note generator 14 and the voice period address from generator 26. In this manner, which is in accordance with the teachings of the previously referenced patents, the information from the desired memory locations may be read out of the voice memory 24.
  • the key assigner 18 also generates additional signals. These are a clear pulse signal, CLRP, and an attack transient detection signal, ATK. These signals provide control for the attack/decay processor 28 and the key down reset generator 30 and will be described more fully in relation to the description of these elements hereinafter.
  • CLRP clear pulse signal
  • ATK attack transient detection signal
  • the key down reset generator 30 consists of a single AND gate having as its input the CLRP and ATK signals.
  • a key down reset signal, KDR results when CLRP and ATK occur simultaneously in the multiplexed scheme in association with a newly claimed tone generator of generator 14.
  • the reader should note that the ATK signal appears only when a key depression has been detected.
  • the CLRP signal occurs not only on key depression but also on key release.
  • the CLRP generated on key release is excluded from the address generators 14 and 26 so that a reset of the counters will occur only on the occurrence of a key depression. This enables the steady state portion of the waveform to continue through its periodic recycling during the decay portion of the reproduced sound. This decay portion is controlled by the attack/decay processor 28 which will be described more fully hereinafter.
  • the effect of the KDR signal on note generator 14 is to reset all of the outputs of its final stage, the voice sample address generator, to the "0" state on the detection of a key depression.
  • the KDR signal is also applied to the voice period address generator 26 to cause all of its outputs to also be reset to a "0" state.
  • the "0" address condition of the voice sample and voice period address generators 14 and 26 are applied to the voice memory 24 which will, in response thereto, begin to read out the previously deposited waveform information corresponding to the beginning of the transient portion of the waveform.
  • This information or voice memory data is the very first sample of the transient portion of the waveform and, after conversion, has an equivalent value near zero.
  • the voice sample address generator 14 will then begin to count or advance at a rate proportional to the frequency number received from frequency synthesizer 12 which is directly related to the particular key which has been depressed. As the voice sample addressing continues, the resulting data from the voice memory 24 will be read out as sequential amplitude samples representing the character of the transient portion of the waveform. When the voice sample address generator reaches its maximum count, the equivalent of a single period of the steady state portion of the waveform will have been read from the voice memory 24. Since it is only the beginning of the transient portion of the waveform, the converted output is not likely to be recognizable as a periodic signal. A representative maximum count is 128 but may be any number of counts depending only upon the nature of the waveform to be synthesized, the machine structure and the designer's requirements.
  • the address to the voice memory 24 is comprised of three separate components.
  • the voice sample address component consists of, in this preferred embodiment, seven address lines. It should be understood that the number of address lines is the choice of the designer and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
  • the voice sample address portion comprises the lowest order bits of the entire address to the voice memory 24.
  • the next higher order bits of the address is that of the voice period address generator 26 which consists of, in this preferred embodiment, five address lines. Again, this is the choice of the designer and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
  • the voice period address generator will count through thirty-two periods or cycles of the waveform before beginning recount sequence.
  • the highest order bits of the address to the voice memory 24 are comprised of the voice selection address lines from the voice selection control 20 and will vary in number depending upon the number of voices which are selectable in any given electronic musical instrument and the number of input address lines to the memory section for such instrument.
  • the voice period address generator operates so as to advance one count each time the last stage of the note generator 14, the voice sample address generator, counts through its entire 128 counts. This operation is repeated until the voice period address generator 26 reaches its maximum count of 32. Thus, each advance of the voice period address generator 26 represents the ultimate formation of a new period or cycle of the selected tone or waveform. When the voice period address generator 26 reaches its full count, the last amplitude sample of the last period or cycle of the waveform has been generated.
  • the voice waveform information or data to be read out of the voice memory 24 in the foregoing described sequence is obtained using existing technology and commercially available instrumentation.
  • the information gathering process as such process relates to an electronic organ, begins by exciting the subject pipe through the use of a motor driven blower.
  • the audible response from the pipe is picked up by a condenser-type or other good quality microphone, passed through an audio amplifying system and presented to a sound analysis system such as, the Synclavier II, manufactured by the New England Digital Corporation.
  • the Synclavier II is comprised of an analog-to-digital converter, an expansive memory for storing the digital representation of the sound to be analyzed, in this case the transient phenomenon of an organ pipe, and a computer for analyzing the acquired information for purposes of determining the points at which the stored information becomes periodic. Determining the point in time where periodicity begins is necessary for defining the steady state portion of the waveform.
  • the analyzed information as sampled amplitudes, is then transferred to a read-only memory, ROM, in such a way that, based on the cycles or period of the waveform, zero crossings or near zero crossings of the waveform in the steady state portion of the waveform fall at each cycle or period boundary of the addressing scheme. This procedure is required in order that the recirculation process for sustaining the tone be carried out without incurring objectional noises which would detract from the reproduced sound.
  • the quantity of information which must be stored in order to yield an acceptable result depends upon the region of the keyboard which is associated with the reproduced sound. If one assumes that the highest frequency to be reproduced is 16 KHz, then according to the sampling theorem, the sampling rate must be at least 32 KHz. At this sampling frequency a tone whose fundamental frequency was 261 Hz, middle C, would require 122.6 samples per period; where f F is the fundamental frequency, P F is the period of the fundamental frequency, f s is the sampling frequency, and P s is the sampling period:
  • the amplitude samples at the beginning and end of a waveform cycle have a zero or near zero value as may be determined by an analog conversion of the waveform. Analysis of many cycles of the steady state portion of the waveform exhibit that a truly periodic waveform has been generated unlike the transient portion at the beginning of the waveform which changes character drastically from period to period.
  • the first embodiment of the invention has a voice period address generator 26 which is comprised of the following elements.
  • An arithmetic unit or adder 32 in combination with shift register 34 form a basic modulo 16 by n multiplexed counter.
  • the shift register 34 is comprised of AND gates 36a-36d and by 1 ⁇ n bit delay elements 38a-38d, where n equals the number of tone generators.
  • Each of these dalay elements is preferably 1 ⁇ 12 bit delay element in accordance with the teaching of the aforementioned related patents.
  • the AND gates 36a-36d have been inserted in the circuit before the delay elements 38a-38d, respectively, to enable the resetting of the voice period address generator 26 on the occurrence of a KDR signal.
  • a multiplexer 40 has also been inserted in the circuit to enable the presetting of the counter which will be discussed more fully hereinafter.
  • the adder 32, the shift register 34 and the multiplexer 40 form the recirculating counter of the voice period address generator 26 having, for this embodiment, a preferred output address containing five lines and referred to as a voice period address.
  • the counter portion of the voice period address generator 26 is advanced by the output of AND gate 42, which output is the carry in input of adder 32.
  • the AND gate 42 in conjunction with inverter 44 and delay element 46 provide a carry out function from the voice sample address portion of the note generator 14. Thus, on the first occurrence of a "0" on the most significant address line of the voice sample address, a pulse will occur at the output of AND gate 42.
  • the source of the preset address is the set of switches 58a-58d (recirculation control 56) in conjunction with the pseudo-random generator 60 as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the pseudo-random generator is familiar to those skilled in the art and the circuit shown is one normally used for producing random digital numbers.
  • the circuit is comprised of delay elements 62, 64 and 66, each having a delay count of 4.
  • Delay elements 68 and 70 each having a delay count of 5 and 1, respectively.
  • Each of the delay elements 62-70 use as their timing base a common clock source (not shown).
  • the pseudo-random generator circuit is completed by connecting the outputs of delay elements 68 and 70 through exclusive OR gate 72 which in turn is connected to exclusive OR gate 74 which has as its other input the output of delay element 64.
  • exclusive OR gate 74 is inverted through inverter 76 and applied to the input of delay element 62.
  • Each of the delay elements 62, 64, 66 and 68 are interconnected output to input as is readily apparent from the drawing. Additionally, the output of delay element 64 is connected to the input of delay element 70. The outputs of each of the delay elements 62-68 are connected to one of the inputs of switches 58a-58d, respectively. The second of the inputs to the switches 58a-58d is connected to a digital "1" as will be explained immediately following.
  • the switches 58a-58d are shown as the recirculation control as an expedient for exhibiting the capability of the present invention.
  • the switches would not be available to the user of the electronic musical instrument and would be preset to pass either the all "1" value or the value from the four lines of the pseudo-random generator 60.
  • the recirculation control signal, RC on the four output lines from the recirculation control 56 as applied to the multiplexer 40 of the voice period address generator 26 would cause a return to either the last period of the waveform stored in voice memory 24 or any prior period of the waveform as far back as the halfway point of the stored waveform.
  • the voice period address generator 26 will count from that point to its maximum for as long as the associated key is held depressed.
  • the set signal to multiplexer 40 will be released allowing the output from adder 32 to once again be applied to the shift register 34 where the new count recirculates until the next carry-in signal from AND gate is applied to the adder 32. If the voice period address generator 26 reaches its maximum and the key remains depressed, then the process will be repeated again until the key is released.
  • the waveform stored in the voice memory 24 encompasses the entire transient and then some number of steady state periods of that waveform. In most circumstances the transient occupies more than half of the voice information data stored in the memory 24 and thus the pseudo-random generator may be limited such that upon recirculation only the steady state portion of the waveform or the steady state portion and a limited number of periods at the final transition of the transient portion of the waveform may be usable to create the desired steady state tone of the selected voice.
  • the output of the voice memory 24 is applied to a digital to analog converter 78 which is a multiplying digital to analog converter similar to Analog Devices AD7523.
  • the outputs of such devices have currents which are proportional to the product of its digital input code and its analog reference voltage.
  • the supply voltage to the reference voltage input of the digital to analog converting devices has been chosen in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations of a range between +10 V. and -10 V. It is preferred that the supply voltage +V be in the range of +5 V. to plus 10 V.
  • the output of DAC 78 as converted by current to voltage converter 80 is used as the voltage reference input to DAC 82 which is similar in structure and configuration to the DAC 78.
  • attack/decay processor 28 uses as its digital code input the output of the attack/decay processor 28 which serves a similar purpose to the attack/decay envelope shaping memory described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,352,312 which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • attack/dacay processor 28 contains only decay envelope shaping characteristics and is controlled by a single rate source, the decay clock signal. This is because the attack envelope characteristics are contained as a part of the data obtained from the recorded pipe and included in the voice information data stored in the voice memory 24. Thus, unlike other electronic tone generation methods, the attack envelope characteristics are no longer necessary to be contained within the processor 28.
  • the attack/decay processor 28 upon received CLRP and ATK signals, abruptly goes to full scale and holds there until the ATK signal changes from its "1" value to a "0" value indicating the beginning of the decay portion of the waveform.
  • the decay is then synthesized in accordance with the teachings of U.S. Pat No. 4,352,312 through the DAC 82, the current to voltage converter 84, the audio amplifier 86, and speaker 88 until audio ceases for that voice.
  • the decay envelope characteristics may also be obtained from the recorded pipe or other musical instrument in a manner similar to the one discussed above.
  • An additional address line to the memory 24 would be required in order to read out the decay transient portion of the waveform.
  • This memory address would consist of a decoding circuit requiring the occurrence of a KDR signal simultaneously with a maximum count from the voice sample address generator of generator 14 and from the voice peroid address generator 26. The decoded signal would enable memory 24 to read out the decay transient from a separate location until audio ceases.
  • FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 The second embodiment is quite similar to the previously described first embodiment in that it uses the same elements with the exception of a different structuring of the recirculation control 156.
  • the reader will note that the second embodiment as shown in FIG. 4 uses the same numbering scheme with the addition of a prefix 1 to designate the different embodiment.
  • Each element, so numbered, functions in an identical manner to that described in FIG. 1 and reference should be had to that description for the operation of the elements with the exception of the voice period address generator 126, the recirculation control 156 and the voice memory data inhibitor 163.
  • the differences between the functioning of the first embodiment and the second embodiment will now be discussed in detail.
  • FIG. 5 which shows the voice period address generator 126
  • the numbering scheme of the elements is continued as described previously adding a prefix 1 to an element which operates in similar fashion to the one described previously.
  • the operation of the adder 132, shift register 134 and multiplexer 140 causes the identical recirculation as described above of the multiplexed addresses in accordance with the teachings of U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,610,799, 3,610,806 and 4,352,312, which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the second embodiment of the invention differs from the first as follows.
  • the recirculating register formed by OR gate 151 and 1 ⁇ n bit delay element 153 is set to a "1" value by the carry out signal from adder 132 as applied through AND gate 154. Since the carry out signal is caused by and is coincident with the carry signal to adder 132, the carry in signal combined with the "1" transmitted through OR gate 151 will enable AND gate 155 causing a set signal to be applied to multiplexer 140.
  • the set signal causes the alternate inputs to multiplexer 140 to be enabled which applies the output of the recirculation control 156, RC, to the shift register 134.
  • the value applied to the shift register 134 is based on the state of the pseudo-random generator 160 which is limited to outputting a digital code indicating one of the periods within the second half of the stored voice memory data and preferably the steady state portion of the waveform.
  • the voice memory data information for the selected period Upon completion of the reading out from the voice memory 24 the voice memory data information for the selected period, another carry in to adder 132 will occur which will again enable the set signal to multiplexer 140 and a new preset digital code will occur on the output of multiplexer 140 in accordance with the digital code of the recirculation control 156.
  • the counter portion of the voice period address generator 126 will begin counting from the beginning of another period within the steady state portion of the waveform.
  • this embodiment allows the voice period address generator to recirculate from period to period in a random fashion. This random recirculation on the occurrence of the carry in signal to adder 132 provides for only a single period to be read out from the voice memory 124 before a subsequent recirculation occurs. Thus, the latter embodiment imparts additional randomness to the resulting sound which, for the characteristics of some voices, produces a stronger wind-like quality.
  • the means for determining the degree or amount of recirculation during the steady state portion of the waveform was accomplished by setting the switches 58a-58d so that they connected to the output lines of the pseudo-random generator 60. In this position the switches 58a-58d were in a position to be able to create the maximum recirculation available. In the alternate position, the switches 58a-58d would permit only the final period of the waveform to be recirculated, the minimum amount. There could also be intermediate degrees of recirculation of the waveform which would be variably achieved depending upon the random combinations of the pseudo-random generator 60 and the switches 58a-58d.
  • the recirculation control 156 allows for the degree of recirculation to be stored as a part of the voice memory data information so that when a portion of the voice memory 124, which may be incorporated into an integrated circuit such as a 2764 EPROM, is substituted for or replaced, the degree of recirculation best suited for the voice or voices contained on that integrated circuit will have been preselected and included without having to resort to changing the settings of the switches 58a-58d.
  • the recirculation information is preferably stored as a digital code in the first address location of the voice memory data information.
  • a typical voice waveform which comprises the voice memory data information might require 4K bites of memory for storage. Reducing the total number of addresses by a single address for the recirculation coding will not noticeably reduce the effectiveness of the sound reproduction of the present invention.
  • the recirculation control receives the four least significant bits of the output from the voice memory 124. These bits will contain the recirculation code from the first address location of the selected voice from memory 124.
  • a zero decoding circuit 157 comprised of a multiple input OR gate 159 which accepts as its input the output of the voice sample address portion of note generator 114 and the the output of voice period address generator 126. When all of these address lines have a "0" value, then a "0" will appear on the output of OR gate 159 causing a "0" to appear on the input of AND gates 161a-161d which will inhibit the passage of the voice memory data, i.e., the recirculation code, through the voice memory data inhibitor 163.
  • OR gate 159 representing the address lines from the voice sample address portion of note generator 114 and the voice period address generator 126 changes its value to a "1"
  • the output of OR gate 159 will also change to a "1" and permit the passage of the voice memory data through the AND gates 161a-161d.
  • the voice memory data which may be referred to as gated voice memory data, GVMD, will continue to be passed along until all of the inputs to OR gate 159 have again returned to an all "0" state.
  • the inhibit signal from the recirculation control 156 serves to inhibit the recirculation code from being applied to the DAC 178. Since the voice information always starts at a very low level, i.e., almost zero, the presence of a true zero, created by the voice memory data inhibitor 163 for the first amplitude sample of the waveform does not create a perceivable or objectionable sound for the listener.
  • inverter 165 Concurrently with the above described inhibit function and connected to the output of OR gate 159 is inverter 165 which is connected to one input of each of the AND gates 167a-167d.
  • the AND gates 167a-167d will be enabled only when the AND gates 161a-161d are inhibited, and vice versa.
  • the AND gates 167a-167d permit the four least significant bits of the voice memory data, which in the first instance is the recirculation code to be passed to OR gates 169a-169d.
  • the OR gates 169a-169d and 1 ⁇ n bit delay elements 171a-171d form a set of recirculating storage registers where the recirculation code will be stored during the continued play of the note.
  • the delay elements 171a-171d are preferred to be one ⁇ 12 bit delay elements which will cause a recirculation delay of a number of time periods equal in number to the number of tone generator channels available in the electronic musical instrument. This is in accordance with the teachings of the aforementioned patents.
  • the recirculation code output from the delay elements 171a-171d is applied respectively to one of the inputs of AND gates 173a-173d whose other inputs are connected to the output of the pseudo-random generator 160, PRG signal.
  • the pseudo-random generator 160 is identical in operation to the pseudo-random generator 60 described above.
  • the outputs of AND gates 173a-173d constitute the recirculation control signal, RC and are applied to the recirculation control inputs to the voice period address generator 126 where the appropriate desired recirculation will be accomplished.
  • a new KDR signal from the key down reset generator 130 will occur and be applied to one of the inputs of AND gates 175a-175d providing a reset function to the recirculation code storage registers, delay elements 171a-171d, prior to a reloading of a potentially new recirculation code associated with the newly depressed key.
  • the recirculation code is loaded into the delay elements 171a-171d only in combination with the detection of "0" addresses from the voice sample address portion of the note generator 114 and the voice period address generator 126 and the occurrence of the key down reset signal, KDR.
  • the KDR signal occurs at a point in time prior to a zero address count of the voice sample address generator of note generator 114, or in the case of the earlier embodiment, note generator 14.
  • the present invention is capable of reproducing the non-harmonic content of the waveform, which may be an organ pipe or other musical instrument or sound, by reading from its memory elements the complete attack transient portion and a number of cycles of the steady state portion of the waveform and recirculating the selected steady state portion of the waveform.
  • the non-harmonic content is realized through the exact reproduction of the attack transient and the random recirculation of the steady state portion of the waveform.
  • the non-harmonic content now coupled with the harmonic content of the waveform and the random recirculation of selected portions of the waveform provide the increased realism in the reproduced sound.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
US06/559,585 1983-12-08 1983-12-08 Method and apparatus for dynamic reproduction of transient and steady state voices in an electronic musical instrument Expired - Lifetime US4502361A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/559,585 US4502361A (en) 1983-12-08 1983-12-08 Method and apparatus for dynamic reproduction of transient and steady state voices in an electronic musical instrument
DE8484308379T DE3481875D1 (de) 1983-12-08 1984-12-03 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur dynamischen wiedergabe von einschwing- und dauerstimmen in einem elektronischen musikinstrument.
EP84308379A EP0149896B1 (en) 1983-12-08 1984-12-03 Method and apparatus for dynamic reproduction of transient and steady state voices in an electronic musical instrument
JP59256611A JPS60162297A (ja) 1983-12-08 1984-12-06 電子楽器におけるトランジエントおよび定常状態ボイスの動的再現方法および装置

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US06/559,585 US4502361A (en) 1983-12-08 1983-12-08 Method and apparatus for dynamic reproduction of transient and steady state voices in an electronic musical instrument

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US (1) US4502361A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0149896B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS60162297A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3481875D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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US4573389A (en) * 1983-03-04 1986-03-04 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Musical tone generation device of waveshape memory type
US4638710A (en) * 1983-11-05 1987-01-27 Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. Periodic waveform generation by nonrecyclically reading lower frequency audio samples and recyclically reading higher frequency audio samples
US4679478A (en) * 1986-01-06 1987-07-14 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co., Ltd. Touch responsive musical tone generator
US4683795A (en) * 1983-10-28 1987-08-04 Victor Company Of Japan Periodic wave form generation by recyclically reading amplitude and frequency equalized digital signals
US4701872A (en) * 1983-12-02 1987-10-20 Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. Aperiodic waveform generation using stored markers identifying scaled waveform sections
US4706537A (en) * 1985-03-07 1987-11-17 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Tone signal generation device
US4709611A (en) * 1985-03-19 1987-12-01 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electronic musical instrument for generating a natural musical tone
US4754680A (en) * 1985-09-10 1988-07-05 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Overdubbing apparatus for electronic musical instrument
US4785702A (en) * 1984-10-22 1988-11-22 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Tone signal generation device
US4905562A (en) * 1987-09-08 1990-03-06 Allen Organ Company Method for deriving and replicating complex musical tones
US4939973A (en) * 1984-06-12 1990-07-10 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Tone signal generation device having waveshape changing means
US4961364A (en) * 1987-02-25 1990-10-09 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Musical tone generating apparatus for synthesizing musical tone signal by combining component wave signals
US4970935A (en) * 1984-08-09 1990-11-20 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Tone information processing device for an electronic musical instrument
US4984496A (en) * 1987-09-08 1991-01-15 Allen Organ Company Apparatus for deriving and replicating complex musical tones
US5029509A (en) * 1989-05-10 1991-07-09 Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Musical synthesizer combining deterministic and stochastic waveforms
US5086685A (en) * 1986-11-10 1992-02-11 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Musical tone generating apparatus for electronic musical instrument
US5225619A (en) * 1990-11-09 1993-07-06 Rodgers Instrument Corporation Method and apparatus for randomly reading waveform segments from a memory
US5262581A (en) * 1990-11-09 1993-11-16 Rodgers Instrument Corporation Method and apparatus for reading selected waveform segments from memory
US5262582A (en) * 1986-11-10 1993-11-16 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Musical tone generating apparatus for electronic musical instrument
US5633985A (en) * 1990-09-26 1997-05-27 Severson; Frederick E. Method of generating continuous non-looped sound effects

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JP2599361B2 (ja) * 1985-11-22 1997-04-09 カシオ計算機株式会社 波形読出装置
JPH0758438B2 (ja) * 1986-07-18 1995-06-21 松下電器産業株式会社 長音結合方法

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JPS57207290A (en) * 1981-06-16 1982-12-18 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Electronic musical instrument
JPS57210392A (en) * 1981-06-19 1982-12-23 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Electronic musical instrument
JPS58200296A (ja) * 1982-05-18 1983-11-21 松下電器産業株式会社 包絡線信号発生方法

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US4352312A (en) * 1981-06-10 1982-10-05 Allen Organ Company Transient harmonic interpolator for an electronic musical instrument

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4573389A (en) * 1983-03-04 1986-03-04 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Musical tone generation device of waveshape memory type
US4683795A (en) * 1983-10-28 1987-08-04 Victor Company Of Japan Periodic wave form generation by recyclically reading amplitude and frequency equalized digital signals
US4638710A (en) * 1983-11-05 1987-01-27 Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. Periodic waveform generation by nonrecyclically reading lower frequency audio samples and recyclically reading higher frequency audio samples
US4701872A (en) * 1983-12-02 1987-10-20 Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. Aperiodic waveform generation using stored markers identifying scaled waveform sections
US4939973A (en) * 1984-06-12 1990-07-10 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Tone signal generation device having waveshape changing means
US5521322A (en) * 1984-08-09 1996-05-28 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Tone information processing device for an electronic musical instrument for generating sounds
US5717153A (en) * 1984-08-09 1998-02-10 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Tone information processing device for an electronic musical instrument for generating sounds
US5847302A (en) * 1984-08-09 1998-12-08 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Tone information processing device for an electronic musical instrument for generating sounds
US5475390A (en) * 1984-08-09 1995-12-12 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Tone information processing device for an electronic musical instrument
US4970935A (en) * 1984-08-09 1990-11-20 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Tone information processing device for an electronic musical instrument
US5160798A (en) * 1984-08-09 1992-11-03 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Tone information processing device for an electronic musical instrument for generating sound having timbre corresponding to two parameters
US4785702A (en) * 1984-10-22 1988-11-22 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Tone signal generation device
US4706537A (en) * 1985-03-07 1987-11-17 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Tone signal generation device
US4709611A (en) * 1985-03-19 1987-12-01 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electronic musical instrument for generating a natural musical tone
US5025700A (en) * 1985-09-10 1991-06-25 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Electronic musical instrument with signal modifying apparatus
US5136912A (en) * 1985-09-10 1992-08-11 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Electronic tone generation apparatus for modifying externally input sound
US4754680A (en) * 1985-09-10 1988-07-05 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Overdubbing apparatus for electronic musical instrument
US4679478A (en) * 1986-01-06 1987-07-14 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co., Ltd. Touch responsive musical tone generator
US5262582A (en) * 1986-11-10 1993-11-16 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Musical tone generating apparatus for electronic musical instrument
US5086685A (en) * 1986-11-10 1992-02-11 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Musical tone generating apparatus for electronic musical instrument
US5123322A (en) * 1986-11-10 1992-06-23 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Musical tone generating apparatus for electronic musical instrument
US5371315A (en) * 1986-11-10 1994-12-06 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Waveform signal generating apparatus and method for waveform editing system
US4961364A (en) * 1987-02-25 1990-10-09 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Musical tone generating apparatus for synthesizing musical tone signal by combining component wave signals
US4905562A (en) * 1987-09-08 1990-03-06 Allen Organ Company Method for deriving and replicating complex musical tones
US4984496A (en) * 1987-09-08 1991-01-15 Allen Organ Company Apparatus for deriving and replicating complex musical tones
US5029509A (en) * 1989-05-10 1991-07-09 Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Musical synthesizer combining deterministic and stochastic waveforms
US5633985A (en) * 1990-09-26 1997-05-27 Severson; Frederick E. Method of generating continuous non-looped sound effects
US5262581A (en) * 1990-11-09 1993-11-16 Rodgers Instrument Corporation Method and apparatus for reading selected waveform segments from memory
US5225619A (en) * 1990-11-09 1993-07-06 Rodgers Instrument Corporation Method and apparatus for randomly reading waveform segments from a memory

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0149896A2 (en) 1985-07-31
JPH0426478B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1992-05-07
DE3481875D1 (de) 1990-05-10
EP0149896B1 (en) 1990-04-04
JPS60162297A (ja) 1985-08-24
EP0149896A3 (en) 1987-03-04

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