US4216398A - Arrangement for cooling an electric machine - Google Patents

Arrangement for cooling an electric machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US4216398A
US4216398A US05/627,215 US62721575A US4216398A US 4216398 A US4216398 A US 4216398A US 62721575 A US62721575 A US 62721575A US 4216398 A US4216398 A US 4216398A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cooling
low temperature
winding
excitation winding
cooled
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Expired - Lifetime
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US05/627,215
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English (en)
Inventor
Dieter Kullmann
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K55/00—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures
    • H02K55/02—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type
    • H02K55/04—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type with rotating field windings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
    • Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
    • Y10S505/876—Electrical generator or motor structure
    • Y10S505/877—Rotary dynamoelectric type
    • Y10S505/878—Rotary dynamoelectric type with cooling

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electric machines in general and more particularly to electric machines having rotors containing excitation windings which are cooled to a low temperature.
  • stator The use of deeply cooled windings, in particular superconducting windings, in electric machines permits a substantial increase of induction in the air gap between the rotating machine part, normally referred to as the rotor, and the stationary machine part, normally referred to as the stator.
  • induction with what are known as high field superconductors even without the use of magnetic iron and in a manner permitting the excitation winding to operate almost without losses since very high current densities can be provided in such superconductors.
  • the ampere turns in the stator windings, which are normally conducting can also be increased considerably while staying within the same machine dimensions.
  • the ratio of power rating to volume and weight is considerably higher than in a machine of conventional design.
  • the rotor body is a hollow cylinder of non-magnetic material having slots for receiving the excitation winding.
  • the conductors will be, for example, niobium-titanium multi-filiment conductors with a copper or copper nickel matrix for stabilization.
  • the ends of the conductors are connected to current supply and discharge lines which are normally conducting and which supply the required energy to the excitation windings from the outside, i.e. from equipment at room temperature. Thus, it is only the conductors themselves which are cooled to a superconducting temperature.
  • cooling is generally provided for the current supply and discharge lines.
  • a co-rotating damper winding of copper for example, which is also kept at a lower temperature of, for example, 80 K. This winding is used both to protect the superconducting excitation winding from alternating magnetic fields and also to reduce the radiated heat.
  • a.c. synchronous machine installation having a rotor with superconducting excitation windings which can be maintained in a superconducting state using a cryogenic medium such as liquid helium is described in Swiss Pat. No. 516,250.
  • a radiation protection shield is arranged concentrically surrounding the rotor having the superconducting excitation winding.
  • the radiation protection shield is cooled using tubes which carry a coolant such as helium, the temperature of which is below the ambient temperature.
  • the radiation shield is also used as a damper winding in addition to its other functions.
  • the machine parts are cooled by a cryogenic medium compressed in a compressor and pre-cooled in a first cooling arrangement.
  • the coolant leaves the cooling arrangement at a temperature of approximately 80 K. and flows to a further cooling stage arranged in the rotor shaft. In this stage the cooling medium is cooled further to a temperature at which superconduction takes place in the excitation windings.
  • the cooling medium flows from the second cooling stage, now at a temperature of 4 K. for example, inside the rotor to the excitation winding. Part of the cryogenic medium leaving the winding is then used to pre-cool the medium conducted through the second cooling stage after which it is returned to the compressor. A second part of the cooling medium leaving the winding is first led around the second cooling stage and is then used to cool the normal conductors of the current supply and discharge lines. A portion of the cooling medium can be branched off further from the loop between the first cooling device and the second cooling stage and conducted through the tubes attached to the radiation protection shield.
  • cooling of the current supply and discharge lines depends on the cooling of the superconductors of the excitation winding. Since the winding losses of the superconductors can increase to an amount many times their normal value for short periods of time, e.g. in the case of a short circuit, refrigeration must be provided to remove such losses. The accompanying increase of the coolant flow rate through the excitation windings to accommodate these losses may, however, lead to an undesirable cooling of the current supply and discharge leads below that which they are designed for.
  • the present invention provides such an improved cooling arrangement for an electric machine.
  • it provides a system in which the refrigeration capacity is tailored to the operational needs. From the discussion above, it is apparent that the required refrigeration capacity at any time depends on the operating condition of the machine. For example, winding losses can increase to about ten times the normal losses within a few miliseconds should a short circuit occur. Although such short circuits seldom occur, and the increased losses are present only for a short period of several minutes, the cooling arrangement must be able to remove these losses without time delay and without a disturbing temperature rise in the superconductors. However, at the same time, it is not desireable to have equipment operating to supply full refrigeration capacity during normal operation when the actual losses are small.
  • the present invention provides a system in which only the necessary capacity is provided at any time.
  • the illustrated arrangement is directed to cooling an electric machine, particularly a turbo generator of the type mentioned above.
  • the object of the present invention is accomplished by providing separate cooling loops for the excitation winding, the damper winding and the current supply and/or discharge lines
  • the amount of coolant circulated in each of the individual loops can be selected so that temperature increases in the deeply cooled, e.g. superconducting, conductors will remain sufficiently small even for maximum dissipation losses with flow and pump losses within permissable limits. At the same time, extra cooling does not take place when not needed.
  • a heat exchanger which permits the cryogenic medium circulated in the excitation winding loop to transfer the winding and pump losses along with flow losses to a coolant bath.
  • the coolant bath is arranged so that its temperature can be adjusted, for example, by changing its vapor pressure. This permits the temperature of the excitation winding to be kept constant below a predetermined value, independent of any variations in the operating condition of the machine.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the rotor of an electric machine surrounded by a damper winding illustrating the separate cooling loops of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the cooling arrangement used to supply the cooling loops of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the rotor body of a generator such as synchronous a.c. generator with cooling supplied thereto.
  • the rotor body 2 is supported concentrically about an axis of rotation 3. It is a deeply cooled rotor such a superconducting rotor of the type described above and, thus, includes a deeply cooled excitation winding 4 arranged in slots on the inside or outside of a support body. Typically the conductors in the winding will contain superconductive material.
  • a cooling or cryogenic medium A is used to maintain the superconductors in the superconducting state.
  • the cryogenic medium A may be, for example, liquid helium with a temperature of 3.5 K.
  • a pressure of, for example, 2 bar [200 kPa] flows through cavities provided for cooling the winding 4 and leaves the winding at the opposite end face through a discharge line 7.
  • a current supply line 9 and a current discharge line 10 are provided.
  • the deeply cooled winding 4 is connected to an external current supply device which is at room temperature [not shown in the drawing] through these current leads 9 and 10.
  • an additional cooling loop separate from the loop associated with the cryogenic medium A is provided.
  • a cooling medium B which will, for example, have a temperature of 4 K. is fed through a coolant line 12 to the current leads at the end on the low temperature side. i.e. at the end connected to the winding 4.
  • the coolant B then flows in a space 13 along the lines 9 and 10 toward their warm end and in the process is warmed up, ideally to the temperature of the conductor at the point where it leaves the conductors, e.g. to room temperature.
  • a damper winding 15 Surrounding the deeply cooled winding 4 of the rotor body 2 concentrically at a predetermined distance is a damper winding 15, typically a copper shield. It is to advantage that the damper winding be kept at a temperature between room temperature and the low temperature of the winding 4 using a further cooling medium C.
  • a suitable coolant for this purpose is liquid nitrogen at a temperature of 78 K. Alternatively, helium gas at a temperature of approximately 100 K. or below can also be used. It is preferred that a coolant loop separate from of the cryogenic medium A and the cooling medium B be provided for this purpose. Shown on the figure is a line 17 supplying the cooling medium C to the damper winding 15 and an outlet line 18 acting as a return line. Typically, the coolant will flow through a tubing system such as copper tube soldered to the copper shield.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a system for supplying coolant to various loops. It is a system which may be used, for example, with an arrangement such as of FIG. 1.
  • the cooling loop E is shown in solid lines and cools the excitation winding 4, not shown in detail in the figure.
  • the cooling loop F is provided for cooling the damper winding 15 and is shown in dashed lines.
  • the cooling loop G shown in dotted lines, cools the current leads feeding electrical energy to the excitation windings. These two are shown combined on one line as 9, 10 for purposes of simplicity.
  • cryostat 24 Associated with the cooling loop E for cooling the excitation windings of the rotor is a cryostat 24.
  • a cryogenic medium D e.g. this can be a helium bath at a temperature of 3.3 K. and a pressure of 0.4 bar [40 kPa].
  • the cooling loop E containing the cryogenic medium A is led through the bath 25.
  • the cryogenic medium A is fed to the cavities in the excitation winding 4 using a pump 26 arranged in cryostat 24.
  • the cavities in the excitation winding 4 which is to be deeply cooled are shown as a coil of tubing 27.
  • the medium A is fed at a temperature of 3.5 K. as indicated above.
  • the cooling loop E can be filled with cryogenic medium A from the outside by means of a separate feeding line which can be shut off. This also permits makeup for any losses. For sake of simplicity, this separate line for charging the loop E is not shown.
  • the cooling loop G To cool the current leads 9 and 10 the cooling loop G is used. It carries a cooling medium B which is compressed at room temperature in a compressor 30 and then conducted through several heat exchangers and, depending on the specific system, expansion machines, i.e. typical refrigeration equipment. After being throttled in a valve 35, the coolant B is then fed into the current leads 9 or 10 at the end connected to the excitation winding 4 at the desired load temperature, for example, 4.2 K. The amount of cooling medium and its flow rate is controlled so that while flowing through the current leads it is warmed up to approximately room temperature. The coolant now at room temperature is fed back to the compressor and continues in the closed loop described.
  • a cooling medium B which is compressed at room temperature in a compressor 30 and then conducted through several heat exchangers and, depending on the specific system, expansion machines, i.e. typical refrigeration equipment. After being throttled in a valve 35, the coolant B is then fed into the current leads 9 or 10 at the end connected to the excitation winding 4 at the desired load temperature, for
  • the coolant C for cooling the damper windings 15 flows in the cooling loop F. It is also compressed in the compressor 30 and then cooled to a temperature between the low temperature of the winding and the external room temperature, e.g. to a temperature of 40 K. To accomplish this, the coolant C is conducted through the two heat exchangers 32 and 33 from which it enters the damper winding 15. It leaves the damper winding with increased temperature of, for example, 100 K. and is conducted through the first heat exchanger 32 again before being returned to the compressor 30, after being throttled in a valve 37.
  • FIG. 2 assumes that the cooling loops F and G are separate from each other.
  • the compressor 30 will include independent compression stages for each of the coolants C and B. It is possible, however, to conduct the cooling loops F and G through the compressor 30 and heat exchanges 32 and 33 on a common line, if the same cryogenic medium is provided for the coolants C and B. There can then be a branch provided after the second heat exchanger 33 with one branch going to the damper winding and the other through the additional heat exchanger to the current leads 9 and 10. This still provides separate cooling loops in accordance with the present invention.
  • the arrangement for cooling turbo genertor according to the present invention thus, constitutes a system of three cooling loops separate from each other.
  • a cold loop E for exclusive cooling of the winding, the coolant flow rate of which can be adapted, by means of the pump 26, to supply the largest expected losses in the winding.
  • a further loop G which starts out cold and becomes warm is provided for cooling the current leads 9 and 10.
  • a cooling loop F is provided for removing the damper winding losses and the heat introduced from the outside.
  • the coolant C in the loop F along with its input and output temperatures as well as the coolant used can be freely selected and thus can be optimized, for example, with respect to minimum operating and investment costs of the required refrigeration machinery as well as to provide greater operating safety for the generator.
  • the temperature stability of the excitation winding 4 is of decisive importance to the functioning of the generator. That is to say, this winding cannot be allowed to be warmed up.
  • the cooling loop E of the present invention has its major advantage that the circulated quantity of cryogenic medium A can be chosen to be large enough, with tolerable flow and pump losses, that the temperature increases of the deep cooled conductors, particularly the superconductors, remain sufficiently small even for large dissipated power.
  • the removed winding losses are transferred to a low temperature cooling bath, the temperature which is really adjustable by changing vapor pressure.
  • the temperature of the winding can also be influenced in a simple manner. In order to generate temperatures below 4.2 K.
  • the vapor pressure of the low temperature 25 can be lowed in the event of a peak short circuit by using an evacuated buffer tank 44 which can be brought into play using a valve 43.
  • the amount of heat introduced into the low temperature bath 25 from the peak short circuit can then be, at least, partially compensated.
  • a supplemental blower not shown on the figure, the heat capacity increases of the low temperature bath connected therewith can then again be reduced slowly.
  • the escaping cryogenic medium is then advantageously conducted into the cryostat 24.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Superconductive Dynamoelectric Machines (AREA)
US05/627,215 1974-11-08 1975-10-30 Arrangement for cooling an electric machine Expired - Lifetime US4216398A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2453182A DE2453182C3 (de) 1974-11-08 1974-11-08 Anordnung zur Kühlung von Rotorteilen eines Turbogenerators
DE2453182 1974-11-08

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US4216398A true US4216398A (en) 1980-08-05

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US (1) US4216398A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
JP (1) JPS5227503A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CH (1) CH600657A5 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DE (1) DE2453182C3 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FR (1) FR2290777A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
GB (1) GB1531997A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
SE (1) SE401587B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5157595A (en) * 1985-07-19 1992-10-20 El Paso Technologies, Company Distributed logic control system and method
US5271248A (en) * 1991-08-23 1993-12-21 Sundstrand Corporation Dual cooling system
US6201323B1 (en) * 1998-11-25 2001-03-13 Hitachi, Ltd. Rotating machine
US20080238222A1 (en) * 2006-02-14 2008-10-02 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation In-shaft reverse brayton cycle cryo-cooler
US20160276906A1 (en) * 2015-03-18 2016-09-22 Darrell Morrison Superconducting electrical machine with rotor and stator having separate cryostats
US20190234381A1 (en) * 2018-01-30 2019-08-01 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Cooling system for a superconducting generator

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU629601A1 (ru) * 1976-11-30 1978-10-25 Специальное Конструкторское Бюро "Энергохиммаш" Электрическа машина с криогенным охлаждением
JPS5698354A (en) * 1979-12-29 1981-08-07 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Cooling apparatus for superconductive rotary machine
DE3019673A1 (de) * 1980-05-22 1981-11-26 SIEMENS AG AAAAA, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Einrichtung zur kuehlung einer supraleitenden erregerwicklung und eines daemperschildes des laeufers einer elektrischen maschine
DE3104469A1 (de) * 1981-02-09 1982-08-19 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München "anordnung zur kuehlung einer supraleitenden erregerwicklung im laeufer einer elektrischen maschine"
JPH07221596A (ja) * 1994-01-28 1995-08-18 Nec Corp 減衰回路
DE102016213993A1 (de) * 2016-07-29 2018-02-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft System mit einer elektrischen Maschine mit kryogener Komponente und Verfahren zum Betreiben des Systems

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US2675493A (en) * 1953-04-24 1954-04-13 Gen Electric Leak detection system for liquidcooled generators
US2970232A (en) * 1958-10-21 1961-01-31 Gen Electric Conductor-cooled generator
US2975308A (en) * 1958-07-24 1961-03-14 Gen Electric Winding temperature control systems for direct-cooled dynamoelectric machines
US3470396A (en) * 1965-02-06 1969-09-30 Siemens Ag Electric machine having a rotating superconducting excitation winding
US3626717A (en) * 1970-08-27 1971-12-14 English Electric Co Ltd Apparatus for conveying a cold fluid to and from a rotatable body
US3644766A (en) * 1969-08-20 1972-02-22 Int Research & Dev Co Ltd Synchronous alternating current electrical machines
US3657580A (en) * 1971-01-18 1972-04-18 Us Navy Magnetically shielded electrical machine with super-conducting filed windings
US3679920A (en) * 1970-04-09 1972-07-25 Intern Research & Dev Co Superconducting dynamo-electric machines
US3711731A (en) * 1970-04-04 1973-01-16 Kraftwerk Union Ag Apparatus for supplying cooling water to the cooling channels of the rotors of electrical machines
US3761752A (en) * 1972-05-01 1973-09-25 Int Research & Dev Co Ltd Dynamoelectric machine winding support
US3816780A (en) * 1972-08-18 1974-06-11 Massachusetts Inst Technology Rotor structure for supercooled field winding
US3904901A (en) * 1972-11-03 1975-09-09 Anvar Rotary electric machine with super-conducting winding
US3922573A (en) * 1973-08-31 1975-11-25 Kraftwerk Union Ag Apparatus for supplying cooling channels of rotors of electrical machines with cooling waters
US3934163A (en) * 1973-02-21 1976-01-20 Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche (Anvar) Polyphase synchronous electrical machine with superconductor winding
US3940643A (en) * 1974-06-17 1976-02-24 Zigurd Karlovich Sika Cryogen-cooled synchronous compensator
US3942053A (en) * 1973-08-06 1976-03-02 Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft Device for securing a superconductive exciter winding in the rotor of a turbogenerator

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CH493905A (de) * 1969-10-27 1970-07-15 Oerlikon Maschf Gasgekühlte Stromzuleitung, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Verwendung derselben
CH516250A (de) * 1970-07-21 1971-11-30 Int Research & Dev Co Ltd Wechselstrom-Synchronmaschinen-Anlage
US3729640A (en) * 1971-02-16 1973-04-24 Int Research & Dev Co Ltd Superconducting electrical machines

Patent Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2675493A (en) * 1953-04-24 1954-04-13 Gen Electric Leak detection system for liquidcooled generators
US2975308A (en) * 1958-07-24 1961-03-14 Gen Electric Winding temperature control systems for direct-cooled dynamoelectric machines
US2970232A (en) * 1958-10-21 1961-01-31 Gen Electric Conductor-cooled generator
US3470396A (en) * 1965-02-06 1969-09-30 Siemens Ag Electric machine having a rotating superconducting excitation winding
US3644766A (en) * 1969-08-20 1972-02-22 Int Research & Dev Co Ltd Synchronous alternating current electrical machines
US3711731A (en) * 1970-04-04 1973-01-16 Kraftwerk Union Ag Apparatus for supplying cooling water to the cooling channels of the rotors of electrical machines
US3679920A (en) * 1970-04-09 1972-07-25 Intern Research & Dev Co Superconducting dynamo-electric machines
US3626717A (en) * 1970-08-27 1971-12-14 English Electric Co Ltd Apparatus for conveying a cold fluid to and from a rotatable body
US3657580A (en) * 1971-01-18 1972-04-18 Us Navy Magnetically shielded electrical machine with super-conducting filed windings
US3761752A (en) * 1972-05-01 1973-09-25 Int Research & Dev Co Ltd Dynamoelectric machine winding support
US3816780A (en) * 1972-08-18 1974-06-11 Massachusetts Inst Technology Rotor structure for supercooled field winding
US3904901A (en) * 1972-11-03 1975-09-09 Anvar Rotary electric machine with super-conducting winding
US3934163A (en) * 1973-02-21 1976-01-20 Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche (Anvar) Polyphase synchronous electrical machine with superconductor winding
US3942053A (en) * 1973-08-06 1976-03-02 Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft Device for securing a superconductive exciter winding in the rotor of a turbogenerator
US3922573A (en) * 1973-08-31 1975-11-25 Kraftwerk Union Ag Apparatus for supplying cooling channels of rotors of electrical machines with cooling waters
US3940643A (en) * 1974-06-17 1976-02-24 Zigurd Karlovich Sika Cryogen-cooled synchronous compensator

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5157595A (en) * 1985-07-19 1992-10-20 El Paso Technologies, Company Distributed logic control system and method
US5271248A (en) * 1991-08-23 1993-12-21 Sundstrand Corporation Dual cooling system
US6201323B1 (en) * 1998-11-25 2001-03-13 Hitachi, Ltd. Rotating machine
US6359351B1 (en) * 1998-11-25 2002-03-19 Hitachi, Ltd. Rotating machine
US20080238222A1 (en) * 2006-02-14 2008-10-02 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation In-shaft reverse brayton cycle cryo-cooler
US7466045B2 (en) * 2006-02-14 2008-12-16 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation In-shaft reverse brayton cycle cryo-cooler
US20160276906A1 (en) * 2015-03-18 2016-09-22 Darrell Morrison Superconducting electrical machine with rotor and stator having separate cryostats
US10079534B2 (en) * 2015-03-18 2018-09-18 Kato Engineering Inc. Superconducting electrical machine with rotor and stator having separate cryostats
US20190234381A1 (en) * 2018-01-30 2019-08-01 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Cooling system for a superconducting generator
US11060509B2 (en) * 2018-01-30 2021-07-13 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Cooling system for a superconducting generator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE7512463L (sv) 1976-05-10
JPS5227503A (en) 1977-03-01
CH600657A5 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1978-06-30
GB1531997A (en) 1978-11-15
DE2453182C3 (de) 1982-01-21
FR2290777A1 (fr) 1976-06-04
JPS5646338B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1981-11-02
DE2453182B2 (de) 1977-04-28
SE401587B (sv) 1978-05-16
DE2453182A1 (de) 1976-05-13

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