US4156393A - Incinerator - Google Patents

Incinerator Download PDF

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Publication number
US4156393A
US4156393A US05/816,887 US81688777A US4156393A US 4156393 A US4156393 A US 4156393A US 81688777 A US81688777 A US 81688777A US 4156393 A US4156393 A US 4156393A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
furnace
sluice gate
axis
chamber
horizontal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US05/816,887
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English (en)
Inventor
Heinz Mallek
Dieter Kuhnert
Friedrich Scholz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kraftanlagen AG
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Kraftanlagen AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kraftanlagen AG filed Critical Kraftanlagen AG
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Publication of US4156393A publication Critical patent/US4156393A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06—Processing
    • G21F9/14—Processing by incineration; by calcination, e.g. desiccation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/30—Processing
    • G21F9/32—Processing by incineration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/18—Radioactive materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an installation for the combustion of solid waste which may also--if required--be used for solid waste with liquid mixed in.
  • the furnace is subdivided into two vertically arranged sections, an pyrolysis and precombustion chamber and an afterburning chamber.
  • a sluice gate for supporting an fire bed, as well as material to be pyrolyzed above the fire bed, is provided between a pyrolysis and precombustion chamber and the afterburning chamber, the sluice gate consisting of at least one horizontally pivoted sluice gate member having an unbroken top surface and defining at its free end a gap the size of which may be varied by causing the sluice gate member to pivot about its horizontal axis.
  • the sluice gate member or members are controllable to vary the gap area continuously or discontinuously by an external handle or a drive.
  • the sluice gate members are hollow and are used to feed secondary air for the afterburning chamber through holes or slits in their undersides and ends.
  • the rotary or swinging sluice gate members provide for formation of a fire bed above them in the initial combustion chamber and for maintaining a constant heat bed volume which will provide heat storage.
  • the heat storage stabilizes the heat flows, which are variable with time and different in location, striking a balance between the endothermic drying, degassing (pyrolysis) and gasifying processes and the exothermic partial combustion process within the pyrolysis and precombustion chamber.
  • the great surface and the high temperatures of the fire bed cause a complete separation to an unexpected degree of the products resulting from the individual processes.
  • a reduction in volume is produced.
  • Sluice gates can be of pivoted roller type, round or oval in vertical cross-section, or pivoted or swiveling platelike elements of rectangular or tapered section or they may be alternately tapering conical elements.
  • platelike sluice gate members hinged on such axes which are moved between a horizontal position and a lower oblique position, are of advantage.
  • the hinge axis of such sluice gate members preferably runs along the edge of a projecting internal chamber structure outside the main flow of the gases.
  • a platelike rotary element which has a round or oval form from top view, can also be supported on a vertical shaft or axis and in inclined position against the horizontal and can be rotated and/or moved by a drive. These also can be provided with air distribution channels with outlets on the side turned away from the fire bed.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically represents a vertical section of a furnace installation according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic section of another form of furnace according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic section of another form of furnace according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic vertical section of still another form of furnace according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a horizontal section of the furnace of FIG. 4 along the line V--V of FIG. 4.
  • the material to be incinerated is brought in a barrel 1 that is emptied through the sluice or gate 3 into the charging hopper 5, where it rests on the horizontal gate valve 7 until the latter slides open. Then the material falls down into the pyrolysis and precombustion chamber 9. Burners 11 are provided for starting up operations. Initial combustion of the waste material can usually be produced without admixing additional fuel after ignition by admitting a controlled quantity of primary combustion air by the pipe 8 and between baffle plates, not shown in the drawing, which lead downwards and as a group extend to the neighborhood of the sluce gate members 13,13'.
  • the fire bed and the waste are moved and stirred up by both discontinuous and continuous swinging of the platelike sluice gate members 13,13' between the horizontal upper position shown in the figure and an oblique position below the plane of their parallel pivot axes. Due to this motion, the free passage cross-sectional area between initial combustion chamber 9 into the afterburning chamber 15 varies.
  • the motion is produced by drive means 14, which may be a motor drive, hand crank, hand wheel, or the like, with or without a built-in programmed motion cycle.
  • the motion of the two members 13 and 13' is coupled by gears or links not visible in the view given in FIG. 1.
  • the frequency and amplitude of swing of the sluice gate members 13,13' is such as to provide a balance between the rate of admission of material into the initial combustion chamber and the downward discharge embers, in order to keep constant the volume of the fire bed. For example, for a charging rate of 80 Kg./hr- of hospital waste with an average calorific value of 3000 Kcal/kg, a swing of 15° at a frequency of 0.005 Hz has been found suitable.
  • the movable sluice gate members which are designed as hollow pendulum-type flaps, are each provided with inlet openings 13a near the pivot axis and with outlet openings on the underside 13b and in the tip edge 13c. Air for final combustion is admitted from the line 12 into the inlets 13a of the sluice gates.
  • Another chamber 19 is provided below the ash discharge flaps 17 for cooling off the ash.
  • the cooled ash is led down to an ash barrel 25 through the direct path provided by an ash outlet hopper and pipe 21 and its discharge gate 23 fitted at its bottom end.
  • the furnace flue-gases of the afterburning chamber 15 escape through openings 27 located above the ash discharge flaps 17; then they are led in an upward direction and strike the walls of the afterburning chamber, and subsequently those of the pyrolysis and precombustion chamber, from the outside.
  • the flue-gases are led through filters (which are not shown in the figure) on the surfaces of which ash particles are separated.
  • the gases are drawn out of the furnace installation by the suction line 29 through the flues 30 more clearly shown in FIG. 2.
  • the contribution of heat by the furnace flue-gases through the walls of the initial combustion chamber is of great importance for maintaining the combustion process within the fire bed and assuring sufficient heat supply during the drying, degassing and gasifying processes within the pyrolysis and precombustion chamber.
  • the residue is obtained as disinfected ash and free of combustible constituents, regardless of the nature of the original material, whether general rubbish, hospital waste or carcasses.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1, along the line II--II together with a top view of the sluice elements 13.
  • the representation furthermore shows a section through the flue gas channels 30 arranged in the walls of the pyrolysis and precombustion chamber and the afterburning chamber.
  • the waste gases flow through openings 27 into the flue gas channels 30 and are thence drawn by suction through the duct 29 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the section of the installation in the region of the sluice elements is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the roller-like sluice elements 33 lie opposite each other, are rotatably mounted on horizontal shafts 31 and have an oval cross-section.
  • One of the possible modes of movement of these sluice elements consists in that their rotation operates in opposed directions, i.e. the left sluice element 33a is rotated clockwise and the right sluice element 33b counter-clockwise on the respective shafts 31a and 31b discontinuously or continuously.
  • this rotation By this rotation, passage cross-sections of different sizes are cleared between the sluice elements for the pyrolysis residues of the upper chamber.
  • a kind of kneading effect is at the same time exerted on the solid pyrolysis residues, by which the pyrolysis residues are reduced to an intended particle size.
  • the drive of the sluice elements can be performed manually or provided by a motor.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 A further modification of the form of the shape of the sluice elements is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • Sluice elements 43a and 43b are supported on shafts or axles 41 set vertically within the upper chamber walls and thus outwardly beyond the ember bed of the sluice elements.
  • the size of the sluice elements facing the pyrolysis and precombustion chamber are plane and slope down towards the middle of the initial combustion chamber.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross-section of the installation shown in FIG. 4, along the line C-D. From this illustration, it can be recognized that the sluice elements 43a and 43b are rounded off on their sides that face each other, so that a simultaneous oscillating movement of the sluice elements is possible. A drive for the sluice elements that is not shown thus produces a reshuffling of the ember bed and at the same time, the pyrolysis residues are sluiced out of the initial combustion chamber as soon as they have been reduced below a certain particle size.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
US05/816,887 1976-07-23 1977-07-18 Incinerator Expired - Lifetime US4156393A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2633128 1976-07-23
DE2633128A DE2633128C3 (de) 1976-07-23 1976-07-23 Feuerungsrost für eine Einrichtung zum Verbrennen von Abfallstoffen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4156393A true US4156393A (en) 1979-05-29

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ID=5983742

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/816,887 Expired - Lifetime US4156393A (en) 1976-07-23 1977-07-18 Incinerator

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US4156393A (sv)
JP (1) JPS5313567A (sv)
AT (1) AT358151B (sv)
BE (1) BE856456A (sv)
CH (1) CH623121A5 (sv)
DE (1) DE2633128C3 (sv)
FR (1) FR2359373A1 (sv)
GB (1) GB1574792A (sv)
IT (1) IT1080994B (sv)
NL (1) NL7707484A (sv)
SE (1) SE434567B (sv)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4254715A (en) * 1978-11-15 1981-03-10 Hague International Solid fuel combustor and method of burning
US4303022A (en) * 1978-02-17 1981-12-01 O. Mustad & Son Arrangement in incinerator
US4515089A (en) * 1984-02-23 1985-05-07 Sunburst Laboratories, Inc. Incinerator having kinetic venturi isothermic grid burner system
EP1323809A2 (de) * 2001-12-14 2003-07-02 Umweltkontor Renewable Energy AG Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor
CN113587111A (zh) * 2021-08-09 2021-11-02 绵阳科大久创科技有限公司 高温焚烧炉以及相配合的烟气冷却净化塔

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5553614A (en) * 1978-10-12 1980-04-19 Kraftanlagen Ag Method and device for burning waste
JPH0454273Y2 (sv) * 1987-11-06 1992-12-21
AT503344B1 (de) * 2003-07-14 2013-09-15 Hartl Energy Tech Gmbh Einrichtung zur entaschung und entschlackung bei kleinfeuerungsanlagen bzw. öfen für rieselfähige brennstoffe

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US739491A (en) * 1902-10-03 1903-09-22 James M Miller Hollow blast-grate.
US1178273A (en) * 1915-06-14 1916-04-04 Simmons Forced Draft Company Forced-draft furnace-grate.
US1213708A (en) * 1916-01-10 1917-01-23 William White Sykes Locomotive ash-pan.
US2145261A (en) * 1934-07-13 1939-01-31 Hiler Engineering & Constructi Refuse incinerating furnace
US2653213A (en) * 1951-10-23 1953-09-22 Willard F Comstock Electrically operated incinerator
US3485190A (en) * 1968-07-15 1969-12-23 Eugene Pelletier Incinerator
US3670667A (en) * 1970-04-24 1972-06-20 Bent Faurholdt Incinerator for the combustion of waste products, particularly plastic materials
US4048927A (en) * 1974-09-14 1977-09-20 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Plant for burning waste
US4063521A (en) * 1976-08-19 1977-12-20 Econo-Therm Energy Systems Corporation Incinerator having gas flow controlling separator

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1224861B (de) * 1958-11-18 1966-09-15 Wilhelm Ruppmann Kommanditgese Abfallveraschungs-Muffelofen
GB1365125A (en) * 1970-08-18 1974-08-29 Ebara Infilco Method and apparatus for disposing of refuse

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US739491A (en) * 1902-10-03 1903-09-22 James M Miller Hollow blast-grate.
US1178273A (en) * 1915-06-14 1916-04-04 Simmons Forced Draft Company Forced-draft furnace-grate.
US1213708A (en) * 1916-01-10 1917-01-23 William White Sykes Locomotive ash-pan.
US2145261A (en) * 1934-07-13 1939-01-31 Hiler Engineering & Constructi Refuse incinerating furnace
US2653213A (en) * 1951-10-23 1953-09-22 Willard F Comstock Electrically operated incinerator
US3485190A (en) * 1968-07-15 1969-12-23 Eugene Pelletier Incinerator
US3670667A (en) * 1970-04-24 1972-06-20 Bent Faurholdt Incinerator for the combustion of waste products, particularly plastic materials
US4048927A (en) * 1974-09-14 1977-09-20 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Plant for burning waste
US4063521A (en) * 1976-08-19 1977-12-20 Econo-Therm Energy Systems Corporation Incinerator having gas flow controlling separator

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4303022A (en) * 1978-02-17 1981-12-01 O. Mustad & Son Arrangement in incinerator
US4254715A (en) * 1978-11-15 1981-03-10 Hague International Solid fuel combustor and method of burning
US4515089A (en) * 1984-02-23 1985-05-07 Sunburst Laboratories, Inc. Incinerator having kinetic venturi isothermic grid burner system
EP1323809A2 (de) * 2001-12-14 2003-07-02 Umweltkontor Renewable Energy AG Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor
EP1323809A3 (de) * 2001-12-14 2004-01-02 OxyTec Energy GmbH Gleichstrom-Schacht-Reaktor
CN113587111A (zh) * 2021-08-09 2021-11-02 绵阳科大久创科技有限公司 高温焚烧炉以及相配合的烟气冷却净化塔
CN113587111B (zh) * 2021-08-09 2023-11-24 绵阳科大久创科技有限公司 高温焚烧炉以及相配合的烟气冷却净化塔

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2633128A1 (de) 1978-01-26
GB1574792A (en) 1980-09-10
CH623121A5 (sv) 1981-05-15
SE434567B (sv) 1984-07-30
BE856456A (fr) 1977-10-31
AT358151B (de) 1980-08-25
FR2359373A1 (fr) 1978-02-17
DE2633128C3 (de) 1980-06-26
SE7708388L (sv) 1978-01-24
DE2633128B2 (de) 1979-10-11
FR2359373B1 (sv) 1982-07-23
JPS6118086B2 (sv) 1986-05-10
IT1080994B (it) 1985-05-16
JPS5313567A (en) 1978-02-07
NL7707484A (nl) 1978-01-25
ATA454477A (de) 1980-01-15

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