US4081254A - Method of tempering glass product - Google Patents

Method of tempering glass product Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US4081254A
US4081254A US05/791,791 US79179177A US4081254A US 4081254 A US4081254 A US 4081254A US 79179177 A US79179177 A US 79179177A US 4081254 A US4081254 A US 4081254A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
glass
ultrasonic vibration
glass plate
liquid coolant
quenching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US05/791,791
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kuniharu Matsumoto
Norihiko Shinkai
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AGC Inc
Original Assignee
Asahi Glass Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asahi Glass Co Ltd filed Critical Asahi Glass Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4081254A publication Critical patent/US4081254A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
    • C03B27/02—Tempering or quenching glass products using liquid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
    • C03B27/02—Tempering or quenching glass products using liquid
    • C03B27/022—Tempering or quenching glass products using liquid the liquid being organic, e.g. an oil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of tempering glass product by a heat treatment. More particularly, it relates to a method of tempering glass by quenching the glass product heated at higher than a strain point and lower than a softening point by dipping it into a liquid coolant.
  • the method is effective for a glass plate having a thickness of more than about 4 mm, and the method has been employed as the industrial method.
  • the quenching function for imparting enough temperature difference between the surface and the central part of the glass plate could not be given whereby high compressive stress could not be given in the surface layer of the glass plate.
  • the glass plate suspended in the liquid coolant is rolled by the flow and it is formed certain deformation at the suspending part or it is fallen down.
  • the operation has been not easy and it has been difficult to impart quenching in uniform and to give enough strength disadvantageously.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram for curves for quenching the glass plate with or without the application of the ultrasonic vibration.
  • the dotted line A designates the curve for the temperature at the surface of the glass plate under the application of the ultrasonic vibration; and the dotted line B designates the curve for the temperature at the central part of the glass plate in the same condition.
  • the full line C designates the curve for the temperature at the surface of the glass plate without the application of the ultrasonic vibration and the full line D designates the curve for the temperature at the central part of the glass plate in the same condition.
  • the glass products treated by the method of the present invention includes glass plate, glass container, glass instruments for experiments, etc.
  • the method of the present invention is especially suitable for tempering a glass plate having a thickness of less than 3 mm which has not been easily tempered by the air blowing method.
  • the liquid coolant can be silicon oils, oxyalkylene polymers, vegetable oils, mineral oils, molten metals, liquid paraffin, synthetic oils, etc. If necessary, the liquid coolant is warmed at suitable temperature.
  • the liquid coolant is filled and suitable ultrasonic vibrating element is disposed at suitable positions in the liquid coolant whereby the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the liquid coolant in the tempering operation.
  • the ultrasonic vibrating element can be also connected to the glass whereby the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the glass.
  • the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration applied is preferably higher than 16 KHz.
  • the glass is supported by a method of suspending by a suspender, a method of fitting in a frame or a method of disposing on a mold, and the glass is fed into a furnace to heat it at higher than a strain point and lower than a softening point such as 450° to 700° C.
  • the glass can be also heated to the temperature by carrying it by a roller into a furnace or by floating the glass plate on a gas house bed from which a hot gas is ejected.
  • the heated glass plate can be bent to desired shapes if necessary.
  • the glass plate heated at higher than the strain temperature is dipped into the liquid coolant in the vertical or transverse or other desired direction.
  • the dipping operation can be carried out by a method of suspending the heated glass or a method of holding the heated glass plate on a frame or a method of falling the heated glass.
  • the glass is dipped into the liquid coolant for suitable time and it is taken out from the liquid coolant after being quenched to lower than the strain point.
  • the method of taking out can be a method of pulling up with a suspender, a method of pulling up with a frame and other suitable methods.
  • One or more ultrasonic vibrating elements can be disposed on a side wall, an upper wall and/or a lower wall of the quenching vessel in suitable arrangement depending upon the size of the glass for treatment and the size of the quenching vessel.
  • the part which is firstly contacted with the liquid coolant is quenched in excess whereby the difference of temperature in plane direction between the firstly contacted part and the later contacted part on the glass plate is caused when the heated glass plate is dipped into the liquid coolant.
  • the thermal stress cause the tensile strain at the edge of the glass plate which is increased depending upon the increase of the size of the glass plate. Accordingly, when a large glass plate is tempered, a break of the glass plate is sometimes found in the quenching operation. Accordingly, it is sometimes preferable to temporarily delay the quenching of the firstly contacted edge of the glass plate by applying a controlling member for inhibiting the contact of the glass plate with the liquid coolant in the dipping operation. It is also preferable to cover the edge of the glass plate with a protective material having a small film coefficient of heat transfer. For example, the edge of the glass plate is covered with a heat resistant glass wool or ceramic wool or metallic wool or the edge of the glass plate is covered with a shield.
  • the part to which the ultrasonic vibration is highly applied is tempered in higher degree whereby a partially tempered glass plate can be obtained.
  • the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the glass surface by the ultrasonic vibrating element disposed at suitable positions in a quenching vessel to apply the ultrasonic vibration in perpendicular to the glass surface and the ultrasonic vibration is partially shielded by a masking plate of suitable shape of a ultrasonic absorbent or reflector disposed near the glass surface in the ultrasonic vibrating element side, whereby the ultrasonic vibration is prevent to be applied or is weakly applied to the masked glass surface.
  • suitable shape of the ultrasonic vibrating element is arranged in the quenching vessel to apply the ultrasonic vibration to perpendicular to the glass surface, the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the glass surface in partially different intensity depending upon the shape of the ultrasonic vibrating element.
  • two or more ultrasonic vibrating elements are arranged to apply the ultrasonic vibrations having different intensities to perpendicular to the glass surface.
  • the standing wave is formed in the quenching vessel.
  • the ultrasonic vibration is applied by disposing the ultrasonic vibrating element at the bottom of the quenching vessel to the upper direction and the reflected wave reflected at the surface of the liquid coolant is mutually interfered with the applied ultrasonic vibration to form the standing wave whereby the intensity of the ultrasonic vibration is low at the nodes of the standing wave and it is high intensity at the other parts to form the laminar fields having different intensities of the ultrasonic vibration.
  • the alternative bands of the high intensity parts and the low intensity parts of the ultrasonic vibration are given on the glass product.
  • the widthes of the bands are enlarged depending upon the slant angle.
  • the ultrasonic vibrating element is disposed on the side wall of the quenching vessel to apply the ultrasonic vibration to horizontal direction and the reflected ultrasonic vibration can be mutually interfered with the applied ultrasonic vibration to form the standing wave in the quenching vessel.
  • the high intensity layers and the low intensity layers of the ultrasonic vibration are alternatively formed in the perpendicular direction. Accordingly, when the glass plate is dipped in the horizontal direction, the same effect can be attained.
  • the ultrasonic vibration having different wide intensity bands can be applied to the glass plate.
  • the ultrasonic vibration When the ultrasonic vibration is formed to apply it to the glass surface in partially different intensities in the quenching vessel and the glass plate heated at higher than a strain point and lower than a softening point is dipped into the quenching vessel to quench it higher compressive stress is applied to the parts of the glass surface applied with higher intensity of the ultrasonic vibration in comparison with the other parts of the glass surface whereby the glass plates having partially different tempered degree can be obtained.
  • the heated glass plate When the heated glass plate is dipped into a liquid coolant in the conventional method, the heated boundary is formed in the liquid contacted on the glass surface whereby the quenching efficiency is remarkably lowered.
  • the boundary layer of the liquid coolant is dispersed by the action of the ultrasonic vibration applied on the glass surface whereby the quenching efficiency to the glass is not lowered.
  • the compressive stress formed on the glass surface is remarkably higher than that of no application of the ultrasonic vibration.
  • the glass plate is not highly vibrated and the suspending part of the glass plate is not deformed and the suspended glass plate is not fallen down because the wave applied to the glass surface is the ultrasonic vibration. Accordingly, the dipping into the bath and the taking up from the bath are easy and the tempering operation by the liquid coolant can be remarkably improved.
  • the quenching conditions of the glass plate at the central part in the thickness direction and the glass plate at the distance of 0.55 mm from the surface were compared in the cases of the application of the ultrasonic vibration and non-application of the ultrasonic vibration.
  • a silicon oil having kinematic viscosity of 50 C.P. at the room temperature (TSF 451-50: manufactured by Toshiba Silicon K.K.) was charged in a 500 cc quenching vessel and the ultrasonic vibration having a resonance frequency of 50 KHz and an output of 50 W was applied to the liquid coolant.
  • the glass plates heated at 670° C were respectively dipped and the time and the temperature of the central part of the glass plate and that of the surface part of the glass plate were recorded to obtain the quenching curves which are shown in FIG. 1.
  • a glass plate made of soda lime glass (thickness: 1.8 mm; width: 20 mm; length: 70 mm) heated at 670° C was dipped into it to temper and the compressive stress in the surface part of the glass plate was measured.
  • the same heated glass plate was dipped into the same liquid coolant without an application of any ultrasonic vibration to quench it for tempering and the compressive stress was also measured.
  • each glass plate was tempered by using the same liquid coolants, and each bending strength of the tempered glass plate was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
  • a quenching vessel 80 mm ⁇ 500 mm ⁇ 560 mm depth
  • the silicon oil YF 30 manufactured by Toshiba Silicon K.K.
  • An ultrasonic vibrating element having a width of 150 mm was fixed on the side wall of the vessel (surface area of 500 mm) and the ultrasonic vibration having frequency of 29 KHz was applied in horizontal direction.
  • a float glass plate (width: 300 mm; length: 100 mm; thickness: 2.4 mm) heated at 680° C was dipped into the liquid coolant so as to apply the ultrasonic vibration in a width of 150 mm at the center of the glass surface in the quenching operation. (The ultrasonic vibration was not applied to both of edges) (width: 75 mm of the glass plate).
  • the glass plate cooled to the room temperature was taken up and the compressive stresses in the surface parts and the broken piece density of the part to which the ultrasonic vibration was applied and the part to which the ultrasonic vibration was not applied, were measured.
  • Each ultrasonic vibrating element having a width of 150 mm was fixed on the side wall of a quenching vessel at one element per 500 mm length, and the elements were arranged to prevent superposition of the ultrasonic vibration when the ultrasonic vibrations are applied to the horizontal direction.
  • Example 1 The liquid coolant of Example 1 was charged in the quenching vessel the output of one of the ultrasonic vibrating element was lowered to 75% of that of the other ultrasonic vibrating element.
  • a float glass plate (width: 100 mm; length: 300 mm; thickness: 2.4 mm) heated at 680° C was dipped into it to quench the glass plate (the ultrasonic vibration having high intensity was applied to half of the glass plate in right side 100 mm ⁇ 150 mm and that of low intensity was applied to half in left side).
  • the glass plate was taken out after cooling to the room temperature and the compressive stress in the surface part of the glass and the broken piece density of the part to which the ultrasonic vibration having higher intensity was applied and the part to which the ultrasonic vibration having lower intensity was applied, were measured. The results are shown in Table 4. It was found that the compressive stress and the broken piece density of the part in higher intensity were more than those of lower intensity and the tempering degree of the glass plate was partially different.
  • the liquid coolant and the quenching vessel of Example 4 were used.
  • the ultrasonic vibrating element was fixed on the bottom of the quenching vessel, and the ultrasonic vibration was radiated to perpendicular direction to form the standing wave in the vessel.
  • the float glass plate heated at 680° C was perpendicularly dipped into the liquid coolant to quench it. The glass plate was taken up after cooling to the room temperature, the compressive stress was measured. The higher compressive stress parts and the lower compressive stress parts were alternatively formed in band form.
  • Example 6 The liquid coolant and the quenching vessel of Example 6 were used and the standing wave was formed by the method of Example 6.
  • a float glass plate heated at 680° C was slanted to 45° from perpendicular direction and was dipped into it. The glass plate was cooled to the room temperature and the compressive stress in the surface layer was measured.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
US05/791,791 1976-05-07 1977-04-28 Method of tempering glass product Expired - Lifetime US4081254A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP5132976A JPS52134622A (en) 1976-05-07 1976-05-07 Process for tempering glass article
JA51-51329 1976-05-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4081254A true US4081254A (en) 1978-03-28

Family

ID=12883873

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/791,791 Expired - Lifetime US4081254A (en) 1976-05-07 1977-04-28 Method of tempering glass product

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4081254A (ja)
JP (1) JPS52134622A (ja)
DE (1) DE2720564C2 (ja)
FR (1) FR2361310A1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1532582A (ja)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130008500A1 (en) * 2011-07-06 2013-01-10 Changzhou Almaden Co., Ltd. Physical tempered glass, solar cover plate, solar backsheet and solar panel
US9296638B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2016-03-29 Corning Incorporated Thermally tempered glass and methods and apparatuses for thermal tempering of glass
US10611664B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2020-04-07 Corning Incorporated Thermally strengthened architectural glass and related systems and methods
US11097974B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2021-08-24 Corning Incorporated Thermally strengthened consumer electronic glass and related systems and methods
US11485673B2 (en) 2017-08-24 2022-11-01 Corning Incorporated Glasses with improved tempering capabilities
US11643355B2 (en) 2016-01-12 2023-05-09 Corning Incorporated Thin thermally and chemically strengthened glass-based articles
US11697617B2 (en) 2019-08-06 2023-07-11 Corning Incorporated Glass laminate with buried stress spikes to arrest cracks and methods of making the same
US11708296B2 (en) 2017-11-30 2023-07-25 Corning Incorporated Non-iox glasses with high coefficient of thermal expansion and preferential fracture behavior for thermal tempering
US11795102B2 (en) 2016-01-26 2023-10-24 Corning Incorporated Non-contact coated glass and related coating system and method

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55140726A (en) * 1979-04-17 1980-11-04 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> Manufacture of optical fiber
US10738389B2 (en) 2015-06-10 2020-08-11 Toshiba Memory Corporation Semiconductor manufacturing apparatus

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2695475A (en) * 1949-10-21 1954-11-30 American Optical Corp Means and method of hardening glass articles
US3765859A (en) * 1972-05-15 1973-10-16 Ppg Industries Inc Method of liquid quenching glass sheets

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB416659A (en) * 1934-06-23 1934-09-18 Lambert Von Reis Improvements in the tempering of glass sheets and other glassware
DE1596712B2 (de) * 1966-12-28 1971-10-28 Wartenberg, Erwin W., Dr., 7000 Stuttgart Verfahren zum herstellen vorgespannter glaeser
AU4435172A (en) * 1971-08-12 1974-01-10 Ppg Industries, Inc Improved method of liquid quenching
SU435202A1 (ru) * 1972-07-12 1974-07-05 Установка для упрочнения стекла
SU478791A1 (ru) * 1973-08-10 1975-07-30 Рижский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Политехнический Институт Ванна дл упрочнени стекла

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2695475A (en) * 1949-10-21 1954-11-30 American Optical Corp Means and method of hardening glass articles
US3765859A (en) * 1972-05-15 1973-10-16 Ppg Industries Inc Method of liquid quenching glass sheets

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130008500A1 (en) * 2011-07-06 2013-01-10 Changzhou Almaden Co., Ltd. Physical tempered glass, solar cover plate, solar backsheet and solar panel
US10233111B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2019-03-19 Corning Incorporated Thermally tempered glass and methods and apparatuses for thermal tempering of glass
US10077204B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2018-09-18 Corning Incorporated Thin safety glass having improved mechanical characteristics
US9783448B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2017-10-10 Corning Incorporated Thin dicing glass article
US9802853B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2017-10-31 Corning Incorporated Fictive temperature in damage-resistant glass having improved mechanical characteristics
US10611664B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2020-04-07 Corning Incorporated Thermally strengthened architectural glass and related systems and methods
US10005691B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2018-06-26 Corning Incorporated Damage resistant glass article
US9776905B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2017-10-03 Corning Incorporated Highly strengthened glass article
US9296638B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2016-03-29 Corning Incorporated Thermally tempered glass and methods and apparatuses for thermal tempering of glass
US9975801B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2018-05-22 Corning Incorporated High strength glass having improved mechanical characteristics
US11097974B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2021-08-24 Corning Incorporated Thermally strengthened consumer electronic glass and related systems and methods
US11891324B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2024-02-06 Corning Incorporated Thermally strengthened consumer electronic glass and related systems and methods
US11643355B2 (en) 2016-01-12 2023-05-09 Corning Incorporated Thin thermally and chemically strengthened glass-based articles
US11795102B2 (en) 2016-01-26 2023-10-24 Corning Incorporated Non-contact coated glass and related coating system and method
US11485673B2 (en) 2017-08-24 2022-11-01 Corning Incorporated Glasses with improved tempering capabilities
US11708296B2 (en) 2017-11-30 2023-07-25 Corning Incorporated Non-iox glasses with high coefficient of thermal expansion and preferential fracture behavior for thermal tempering
US11697617B2 (en) 2019-08-06 2023-07-11 Corning Incorporated Glass laminate with buried stress spikes to arrest cracks and methods of making the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS52134622A (en) 1977-11-11
DE2720564A1 (de) 1977-11-17
DE2720564C2 (de) 1984-07-19
GB1532582A (en) 1978-11-15
JPS5420208B2 (ja) 1979-07-20
FR2361310B1 (ja) 1983-12-30
FR2361310A1 (fr) 1978-03-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4081254A (en) Method of tempering glass product
US789911A (en) Apparatus for manufacturing glass sheets or plates.
EP0761614A1 (en) Method for heating, forming and tempering a glass sheet
US3423198A (en) Method for tempering glass utilizing an organic polymer gaseous suspension
ATE38025T1 (de) Verfahren und ofen zum biegen von glasscheiben.
BR9307558A (pt) Processo e aparelho para fundir continuamente tira de metal e tira de metal fundido resultante
CA1148743A (en) Process of cooling glass and fluidisation apparatus for use in such process
EP0761613B1 (en) Method for heating and forming a glass sheet
US3469963A (en) Method of and apparatus for toughening glass
US4361433A (en) Method of bending a glass sheet
JP2820778B2 (ja) ガラス板の接触焼入れのための装置
US2393363A (en) Heat treatment of thin metal articles
US3607597A (en) Method of and apparatus for the production of tempered glass articles of channeled or u cross-sectional form and article formed thereby
US2093040A (en) Hardened glass and method of making the same
US3298810A (en) Method and apparatus for bending and tempering glass sheets
US3387963A (en) Annealing lehr for glass sheets with reradiating side wall plates
Liu et al. Thermal stress cleaving of silicon wafer by pulsed Nd: YAG laser
US3630705A (en) Method of manufacturing flat glass on molten metal and apparatus therefor
FR2552780B1 (fr) Procede de refroidissement module minimisant les deformations des produits plats metallurgiques
ES475257A1 (es) Procedimiento y dispositivo para el templado termico del vi-drio.
FR2524001B1 (fr) Procede de refroidissement minimisant les deformation s des produits metallurgiques
US3311463A (en) Process of annealing glass sheets
US4227910A (en) Apparatus for supporting lenses during heat treatment
US3419371A (en) Tempering glass between roughened glass contacting surfaces
FR2148628A1 (en) Tempering glass plates - edges protected against too rapid cooling