US4064075A - Conductive, extrudable polymer composition of poly(ε-caproamide) and carbon black - Google Patents

Conductive, extrudable polymer composition of poly(ε-caproamide) and carbon black Download PDF

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Publication number
US4064075A
US4064075A US05/279,825 US27982572A US4064075A US 4064075 A US4064075 A US 4064075A US 27982572 A US27982572 A US 27982572A US 4064075 A US4064075 A US 4064075A
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United States
Prior art keywords
carbon black
conductive
poly
resistance
caproamide
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Expired - Lifetime
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US05/279,825
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English (en)
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Donald Robert Hull
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority to US05/279,825 priority Critical patent/US4064075A/en
Priority to CA178,184A priority patent/CA1024339A/en
Priority to GB3809973A priority patent/GB1443336A/en
Priority to FR7329364A priority patent/FR2195654B1/fr
Priority to BE134443A priority patent/BE803459A/xx
Priority to DE19732340695 priority patent/DE2340695A1/de
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Publication of US4064075A publication Critical patent/US4064075A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/04—Carbon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S57/00—Textiles: spinning, twisting, and twining
    • Y10S57/901—Antistatic

Definitions

  • This invention concerns highly conductive, extrudable compositions of 6-nylon and carbon black, a process for the preparation thereof and highly conductive filaments and fibers prepared therefrom.
  • This invention includes highly conductive, extrudable compositions comprised of poly( ⁇ -caprolactam) containing from about 16 to about 28%, preferably 17-23%, by weight (based on the composition) of an electrically conductive carbon black.
  • the invention also encompasses highly conductive filaments and fibers prepared from said compositions.
  • Another aspect of the invention is a process for the preparation of highly conductive poly( ⁇ -caprolactam) which includes the steps of polymerizing ⁇ -caprolactam monomer to a high molecular weight in the presence of 16 to 28% by weight (based on the mixture) of electrically conductive carbon black and extruding the product, preferably into filaments.
  • the FIGURE is a schematic cross-sectional view 1 of a filament of the invention.
  • electrically conductive carbon black 2 is dispersed in the poly( ⁇ -caproamide) matrix 3.
  • the term "highly conductive" as applied to extrudable polymer composition means that the composition has a specific resistance (measured as described herein) of less than 200 ohm-centimeter, preferably less than 50 ohm-centimeter.
  • the term means that the filament has a resistance of less than 10 9 ohms per cm. per filament.
  • Highly conductive poly( ⁇ -caprolactam) compositions can be consistently produced when at least 16% of specially processed, electrically conductive carbon black is incorporated in the polymer.
  • the content of the carbon black should not exceed about 28% if processing difficulties are to be avoided or reduced.
  • Suitable carbon blacks for this invention include those commercially available extra conductive and so-called super conductive furnace carbon blacks which have been processed to give increased surface area and improved electrical conductivity, e.g., "Vulcan XC-72,” “Vulcan SC,” “Conductex SC” and “United SCF” as described in the trade literature.
  • the carbon black is incorporated into the polymer by dispersion in the monomer prior to or during the initial stage of polymerization followed by polymerization of the monomer to high molecular weight, for example, a fiber-forming molecular weight suitable for spinning as noted in U.S. Pat. No. 2,252,555.
  • the carbon black may be dispersed in the molten caprolactam by milling. The mixture can then be extruded, cooled and cut into chips which are used for polymerization. Alternatively, the carbon black may be dispersed in an aqueous mixture with the monomer and polymerized.
  • the monomer is polymerized under melt conditions at temperatures above 250° C. and superatmospheric pressure with agitation to prevent settling of the carbon black during at least the early stages of polymerization. Surprisingly, such agitation can be used without destroying the desired high level of conductivity.
  • the monomer is subjected to the normal stages of polymerization including initial hydrolysis, and condensation to achieve a high molecular weight. This can be done with or without a catalyst.
  • the resulting highly conductive polymer compositions of the invention are suited for extrusion into articles which retain a high level of conductivity, particularly highly conductive filaments and fibers, preferably of 2-30 denier per filament (dpf).
  • the filaments are generally combined with other yarns, filaments or fibers which are nonconductive and used for imparting antistatic properties to textiles.
  • the conductive filaments may exhibit high elongations just as they are spun, e.g., 200% or greater, or they can be subsequently drawn or stretched at draw ratios of 2.0X or greater to impart higher tenacities and lower elongations, depending on the properties desired.
  • Filament resistance was determined from current flow measured at 6 volts with a Simpson Model 260 ohmmeter on a 2-inch sample length. Three filaments are clamped straight between a pair of electrodes 2 inches apart and a voltags is applied to achieve current flow. Yarn resistance is calculated from the current flow at the known voltage. Resistance per filament is then determined as 3 times the resistance measured for the three filaments.
  • Specific resistivity is determined from the resistance across a 2-inch length of film 1 inch in width and having a thickness of about 0.01 inch.
  • the films are prepared by pressing a powder or pelletized sample of the polymer between two sheets of aluminum foil in a press heated to 220°-260° C. under a pressure of 20,000 psig for 1 to 2 minutes. The sample is removed, cooled and the foil stripped to permit cutting of 1-inch strips therefrom. The thickness of the film is measured with a micrometer. The film strip is clamped between two copper electrodes spaced 2 inches apart and the DC resistance measured with an ohmmeter at 6 volts. Specific resistance in ohm-cm. is calculated from the instrument reading in ohms as the product of the measured resistance times the sample width times the thickness, all divided by the sample length, all in centimeter units.
  • Poly( ⁇ -caprolactam) is prepared from ⁇ -caprolactam and an extra conductive oil furnace black "Vulcan" XC-72 from the Cabot Corp., Special Black Division, 125 High Street, Boston, Mass. (described in their Technical Bulletin S-8).
  • the black is introduced into molten ⁇ -caprolactam at 23% by weight of the mixture using a "Readco" dough mixer. After mixing for about 30 to 45 minutes, the mixture is poured into a pan, frozen to permit comminution and ground to particles of about 1/16-1/8 inch.
  • the particles, along with varying additional amounts of ⁇ -caprolactam to reduce the carbon black concentration, are charged to an autoclave equipped with a stirrer along with a small amount of water.
  • the mixture is polymerized using a short cycle of about 1 hour at 265° C. at 250 psig followed by venting and pressure reduction and holding at the same temperature for about one-half hour at atmospheric pressure prior to casting.
  • Polymer batches of different carbon black concentrations and their specific resistances are shown in Table 1.
  • the polymer compositions are more difficultly extrudable with increasing carbon black content.
  • the specific resistance is erratic at the lower carbon black content and then decreases with increasing content.
  • Two of the compositions are melt-spun into yarns in a conventional manner and drawn 4 ⁇ using a hot plate to assist the drawings.
  • the yarns, containing 17 filaments and of about 300 total denier, have physical properties as shown in Table 2.
  • Filling face satin fabrics were prepared containing the carbon black yarn in the fill and nonconducting nylon yarn in the warp and were measured for conductivity by clamping (in the fill direction) a 4-inch long by 0.75-inch wide sample between copper electrodes 2 inches apart and applying 6 volts D.C. The resistances are read directly off the ohmmeter (Simpson Model 260). As seen in Table 3, the level of 16.6% carbon black provides a noticeable reduction in fabric resistance.
  • This step which takes 6-7 hours, results in ring opening and prepolymerization and is followed with a reduction cycle where the pressure is reduced gradually to atmospheric pressure (about 1 1/2 hours).
  • the polymer was extruded into a ribbon, quenched in water, and then cut into 1/8 - 1/4 inch flake. Monomer is extracted by three consecutive washings with water in a stirred kettle at 95° C. (4 hours each). The flake was dried under vacuum (25 inches mercury) until the moisture content was less than 0.3%. The flake was then remelted, filtered (screens of 30 to 200 mesh), pelletized and redried to less than 0.3% moisture. Specific resistances for the three batches were as follows:
  • the flake containing 22% carbon black was spun at a throughput of 24.3 gm./min. through a spinneret containing 40 holes with a windup speed suitable for the deniers noted in Table 5.
  • the screw melter temperatures are set at 230° C. Zone 1, 270° C. Zone 2, and 266° C. at the spinning block.
  • the yarns are drawn by use of a differential speed between feed rolls and draw rolls with the feed roll heated to 140° C.
  • Yarn physical properties are determined in the customary manner using an Instron tensile tester.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
US05/279,825 1972-08-11 1972-08-11 Conductive, extrudable polymer composition of poly(ε-caproamide) and carbon black Expired - Lifetime US4064075A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/279,825 US4064075A (en) 1972-08-11 1972-08-11 Conductive, extrudable polymer composition of poly(ε-caproamide) and carbon black
CA178,184A CA1024339A (en) 1972-08-11 1973-08-07 Polycaproamide carbon black composition, process therefor, and filaments thereof
GB3809973A GB1443336A (en) 1972-08-11 1973-08-10 Conductive nylon-b
FR7329364A FR2195654B1 (enExample) 1972-08-11 1973-08-10
BE134443A BE803459A (fr) 1972-08-11 1973-08-10 Compositions extrudables conductrices de l'electricite a base de poly(epsilon-capramide) et de noir de carbone
DE19732340695 DE2340695A1 (de) 1972-08-11 1973-08-10 Polymermasse und ihre herstellung und verwendung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/279,825 US4064075A (en) 1972-08-11 1972-08-11 Conductive, extrudable polymer composition of poly(ε-caproamide) and carbon black

Publications (1)

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US4064075A true US4064075A (en) 1977-12-20

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US (1) US4064075A (enExample)
BE (1) BE803459A (enExample)
CA (1) CA1024339A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2340695A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2195654B1 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1443336A (enExample)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4293452A (en) * 1980-01-31 1981-10-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Electrically conductive polymeric compositions
US4337179A (en) * 1979-07-10 1982-06-29 Ube Industries, Ltd. Polyamide composition
US4455078A (en) * 1980-10-14 1984-06-19 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Charging device having a conductive particle impregnated strand lined contact member
US4606968A (en) * 1983-07-25 1986-08-19 Stern And Stern Textiles, Inc. Electrostatic dissipating fabric
US4660228A (en) * 1985-06-08 1987-04-28 Kanebo, Ltd. Glove
US6221547B1 (en) * 1998-08-31 2001-04-24 Bridgestone Corporation Electrically conductive resin composition and photosensitive drum made therewith
US20130324663A1 (en) * 2012-06-05 2013-12-05 Advanced Nylons PTY. LTD. Nylon Compositions for Forming Cast Nylon and Cast Nylon Parts

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3425628A1 (de) * 1984-07-12 1986-01-16 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Leitfaehige polyamidformmassen
GB8716199D0 (en) * 1987-07-09 1987-08-12 Courtaulds Plc Electrically conductive materials
GB8716243D0 (en) * 1987-07-10 1987-08-19 Courtaulds Plc Yarns

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2437708A (en) * 1944-02-18 1948-03-16 Du Pont Semiconducting tape for electric cable
US2472801A (en) * 1947-05-06 1949-06-14 Morris L Barfield Temperature-stable molded resistor
US2845962A (en) * 1953-07-14 1958-08-05 Dunlop Rubber Co Antistatic fabrics
US2846332A (en) * 1955-07-20 1958-08-05 Allied Chem Dispersions of solids in caprolactam and process of making them
US2874139A (en) * 1954-07-21 1959-02-17 Du Pont Silica-filled polycaproamide
US3706195A (en) * 1970-02-13 1972-12-19 Ici Ltd Synthetic yarns

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2437708A (en) * 1944-02-18 1948-03-16 Du Pont Semiconducting tape for electric cable
US2472801A (en) * 1947-05-06 1949-06-14 Morris L Barfield Temperature-stable molded resistor
US2845962A (en) * 1953-07-14 1958-08-05 Dunlop Rubber Co Antistatic fabrics
US2874139A (en) * 1954-07-21 1959-02-17 Du Pont Silica-filled polycaproamide
US2846332A (en) * 1955-07-20 1958-08-05 Allied Chem Dispersions of solids in caprolactam and process of making them
US3706195A (en) * 1970-02-13 1972-12-19 Ici Ltd Synthetic yarns

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4337179A (en) * 1979-07-10 1982-06-29 Ube Industries, Ltd. Polyamide composition
US4293452A (en) * 1980-01-31 1981-10-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Electrically conductive polymeric compositions
US4455078A (en) * 1980-10-14 1984-06-19 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Charging device having a conductive particle impregnated strand lined contact member
US4606968A (en) * 1983-07-25 1986-08-19 Stern And Stern Textiles, Inc. Electrostatic dissipating fabric
US4660228A (en) * 1985-06-08 1987-04-28 Kanebo, Ltd. Glove
US6221547B1 (en) * 1998-08-31 2001-04-24 Bridgestone Corporation Electrically conductive resin composition and photosensitive drum made therewith
US20130324663A1 (en) * 2012-06-05 2013-12-05 Advanced Nylons PTY. LTD. Nylon Compositions for Forming Cast Nylon and Cast Nylon Parts

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE803459A (fr) 1974-02-11
DE2340695A1 (de) 1974-02-28
FR2195654A1 (enExample) 1974-03-08
GB1443336A (en) 1976-07-21
CA1024339A (en) 1978-01-17
FR2195654B1 (enExample) 1980-08-08

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