US4057331A - Electro-magnetically controllable beam deflection device - Google Patents

Electro-magnetically controllable beam deflection device Download PDF

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Publication number
US4057331A
US4057331A US05/633,284 US63328475A US4057331A US 4057331 A US4057331 A US 4057331A US 63328475 A US63328475 A US 63328475A US 4057331 A US4057331 A US 4057331A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pivoting
electro
frame
bearing component
deflection device
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Expired - Lifetime
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US05/633,284
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English (en)
Inventor
Daniel Ong
Johannes Cornelius Antonius Muller
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
    • G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
    • G02B7/1821—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors for rotating or oscillating mirrors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G02B26/0875—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more refracting elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B7/08—Disposition or mounting of heads or light sources relatively to record carriers
    • G11B7/09—Disposition or mounting of heads or light sources relatively to record carriers with provision for moving the light beam or focus plane for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the light beam relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following
    • G11B7/0925—Electromechanical actuators for lens positioning

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electro-magnetically controllable beam deflection device for use in an optical system for deflecting of a beam of radiation which is obtained from a radiation source, in particular to be used in a video player, and comprising a frame, a deflection means which is pivotably mounted on the frame, bearing means for pivotably supporting the deflection means by the frame, which bearing means comprise at least one integrated bearing component made of an elastic synthetic material which has a first portion connected to the deflection means and a second portion connected to the frame and first and second electromagnetic control means connected to the frame and the deflection means respectively, in the form of permanent magnetic and/or electromagnetic circuits including one or more electrical coils.
  • a beam deflection device in which the deflection means consists of a pivoting mirror comprising a permanent-magnetic body provided with a reflecting coating.
  • the pivoting mirror is journalled in that it is embedded in a rubber-like compound which is located between the polepieces of a U-shaped yoke on which a control coil is mounted. By energizing the coil the pivoting mirror is subject to a torque so that it performs a pivoting movement in the elastic material in which it is embedded.
  • the pivoting mirror in a rubber-like compound which is located in a space between the pole pieces of two mutually perpendicular yokes which are each provided with an associated control coil, so that the reflecting surface can be pivoted about two mutually perpendicular axes.
  • the known pivoting mirror was intended for use in television receivers of the type in which a light beam instead of an electron beam is controlled.
  • a light beam instead of an electron beam is controlled.
  • only a very slight movability of the mirror was required, so that completely embedding the mirror leaving the reflecting surface free, presented a satisfactory solution for the object in view.
  • pivoting mirror devices are suitable, as well as a deflection device which includes a lens system comprising an assembly of a plano-concave lens and a plano-convex lens, the concave surface of the first lens facing the convex surface of the second lens and these surfaces having substantially the same radius of curvature and being disposed at a distance which is much smaller than the radius of curvature, while at least one of the lenses is pivotably arranged in such a way that the pivoting axes of the lenses are mutually perpendicular and are disposed in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens system as in U.S. Pat. No. 3,924,063 issued Dec. 2, 1975. In the professionnal jargon such a device is generally referred to as a "variable wedge", Therefore this expression will also be used hereinafter.
  • the beam deflection device is included in an automatic control circuit which serves for following the tracks on the video disk with the read beam.
  • the speed of revolution of the video disk is 1500 or 1800 revolutions per minute, depending on the main frequency which is 50 or 60 Hz respectively.
  • the beam deflection device For following the track the beam deflection device must be capable of following an oscillation of the track with an amplitude of 200/ ⁇ at an oscillation frequency of 25 Hz.
  • the bearing has a certain camping.
  • each integrated bearing component between said first and second portions comprises a third portion having a cross-section which is substantially smaller with respect to the other two portions, which third portion is relatively readily deformable under the influence of the electro-magnetic control forces exerted on the deflection means.
  • the third portion of the bearing component may be an integral hinge of substantially rectangular cross-section, the longitudinal axis of the rectangle substantially being the hinge axis and coinciding with a pivoting axis of the bearing component.
  • the third portion of the bearing component may alternatively have substantially cylindrical cross-section, the pivoting axis of the bearing component substantially coinciding with the cylinder axis, or being disposed perpendicularly thereto.
  • the beam deflection device is a pivoting mirror device, comprising a base with a coating having a reflecting surface and pivotable about a single pivoting axis parallel to the reflection surface
  • said second bearing means portion which is connected to the frame comprises a substantially U-shaped yoke
  • the first portion which is connected to the pivoting mirror is disposed between the legs of the U, and the first portion at either side of the pivoting mirror is connected to the yoke by means of integral hinges.
  • a pivoting mirror device can be obtained of simple and rational construction, which can be manufactured and assembled easily, the accurate alignment of the integral hinges presenting no problems.
  • a bearing arrangement is obtained which is sufficiently sensitive, i.e. which only slightly counteracts pivoting movements, and which furthermore has the advantage that the pivoting axis may be disposed in the plane of the reflecting surface.
  • an embodiment may be used which is characterized in that the integrated bearing component consists of a substantially cylindrical support, that the comparatively readily deformable portion consists of a local narrowing of the substantially cylindrical support, that the cylindrical support is axially movable relative to the frame, and that locking means are provided for locking the cylindrical support in its axial position relative to the frame.
  • This construction allows a very simple adjustment of the position of the pivoting mirror relative to the frame.
  • a further embodiment of the invention is characterized in that permanent magnetic positioning means for moving the pivoting mirror to its neutral position are provided, which are connected to the frame and which magnetically co-operate with the permanent magnetic control means, and that the positioning means while co-operating with the permanent magnetic control means continuously load the pivoting mirror in a direction away from the frame.
  • An embodiment of the invention which relates to a variable wedge is characterized in that each of the pivotable lenses is mounted in an end of a substantially cylindrical sleeve which is pivotable relative to the other lens, belonging to the system, and the sleeve is connected to the frame by means of two bearing conponents whose pivoting axes coincide, which components are disposed at either side of the sleeve.
  • each of the pivotable lenses is mounted in one end of a substantially cylindrical sleeve which is pivotable relative to the other lens belonging to the system, and that the pivotable sleeve is connected to the frame by means of two bearing components which are disposed at either side of the sleeve and whose pivoting axes coincide.
  • FIG. 1 in perspective and partly in cross section shows a beam deflection device consisting of a pivoting mirror device of which the pivoting mirror is pivotable about a single axis parallel to its reflecting surface,
  • FIG. 2 shows a sideview of the mirror with its associated bearing means and belonging to the device shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 in perspective and partly in cross-section shows a second pivoting mirror device in which the pivoting mirror is pivotable about every axis parallel to the reflecting surface and passes through a certain point on the neutral optical axis of the device and which can be adjusted and locked in an axial direction relative to the frame, and
  • FIG. 4 in perspective and partly in cross-section shows a beam deflection device of a different type, comprising a lens system which consists of a plano-concave and a plano-convex lens, which are each separately mounted in a cylindrical sleeve, the sleeves each being pivotable about a single axis and the said two pivoting axes being perpendicular to each other and being disposed in a single plane.
  • the pivoting mirror device is denoted by the general reference numeral 1. It comprises a frame 2 which is made of a non-magnetic material and comprises a mounted plate 3 as well two supporting arms 4 and 5 which are bent at right angles thereto. These arms carry a block, also made of a non-magnetic material and provided with grooves and ridges, on which the tilting mirror 7 is pivotably arranged.
  • bearing means are disposed between the block 6 and the pivoting mirror 7, which are designated by the reference numeral 8.
  • Said bearing means consists of an integrated bearing component, which is made of an elastic synthetic material, for example polypropylene, which comprises the portions 9 and 9', which are connected to the pivoting mirror, and the portions 10 and 10', which are connected to the frame.
  • the pivoting mirror 7 comprises a base 11 of a permanent magnetic material as well as an extremely thin reflecting layer 12 disposed thereon. Said layer is so thin that it cannot be indicated in cross-section on the drawing.
  • the permanent magnetic base 11 is transversely magnetized, which in the Figure is indicated by an arrow, the letter N near the arrow head indicating that the magnetic northpole is located there.
  • This magnetic base constitutes the permanent magnetic part of the electro-magnetic control means for the pivoting mirror 7.
  • These means further comprise the substantially annular coil 1, which is arranged around the pivoting mirror on the block 6.
  • a third portion 13 is located of substantially smaller cross-section, which is comparatively readily deformable under the influence of electro-magnetic control forces exerted on the pivoting mirror. For this see especially FIG. 2.
  • Said second portion 10 of the bearing means 8, which is connected to the frame 2 comprises a substantially U-shaped yoke, of which the first portion 9 connected to the pivoting mirror 7 is disposed between the legs of the U.
  • the first portion 9 is connected to the yoke 10 at either side of the pivoting mirror 7 by means of integral hinges 13.
  • the bearing component 8 can be manufactured as a single injection-moulded component of a thermoplastic material and the mirror 7 can be glued to the portion 9 by suitable means.
  • the portion 10 is slightly movable in the block 6, so that during assembly a certain alignment is possible at least in the direction of the pivoting axis of the mirror.
  • two positioning magnets 15 are disposed on the block 6 .
  • the direction of magnetization thereof is indicated in the Figure with the aid of a double arrow and the letters N and Z.
  • These positioning magnets in conjunction with the base 11 of the pivoting mirror 7 provide the necessary forces for returning the pivoting mirror to its neutral position in the absence of a control signal.
  • the pivoting mirror device of FIG. 3 bears great resemblance to that of FIG. 1 in some respects.
  • the frame is denoted by the reference numeral 16, the pivoting mirror by 17, the integrated bearing components by 18, and the electro-magnetic control means, i.e. the permanent magnets and the control coils, by 19 and 20 respectively.
  • the bearing component 18 comprises a first portion 21 which is connected to the pivoting mirror 17, a second portion 22 which is connected to the frame 16, as well as a third portion 23 with a cross-section which in proportion is substantially smaller.
  • This third portion has a substantially cylindrical cross-section and the mirror 17 is pivotable about every axis parallel to the reflecting surface 24 and passing through a point substantially in the center of this third portion and thus is always substantially perpendicular to the cylindrical axis of the portion 23.
  • the frame 16 also comprises a mounting plate 25 as well two supporting arms 26 which are perpendicular thereto. On these arms a block 27 is mounted in which a number of recesses are formed, which inter alia accommodate the coils 26 and the bearing component 18.
  • Said bearing component comprises a substantially cylindrical support, while the comparatively readily deformable portion 23 consists of a local narrowing.
  • the cylindrical support In an axial direction, i.e. perpendicular to the reflecting surface 24 when the pivoting mirror 17 is in its neutral position, the cylindrical support is movable relative to the frame in view of a correct axial adjustment of the pivoting mirror. With the aid of a locking screw 28 the support is locked in its axial position relative to the frame.
  • the mirror 17 consists of a glass base 29 with the reflecting coating 24.
  • the four magnets 19 are glued to the underside of the base 29.
  • a plate 30, which encloses and secures the portion 21 of the bearing component 18.
  • this bearing component itself may also be glued to the base.
  • FIG. 4 relates to a beam deflecting device of a different type, referred to hereinbefore as variable wedge.
  • the deflection means 33 consists of an assembly of a plano-concave lens 34 and a plano-convex lens 35 which are arranged in such a way relative to each other that the concave surface of the lens 34 faces the convex surface of the lens 35.
  • the two lenses have substantially the same radius of curvature at their facing sides and are disposed at a distance from each other which is much smaller than the radius of curvature.
  • the two lenses are pivotably disposed in such a way that their pivoting axes, which are designated 36 and 37 in the Figure, are mutually perpendicular and are disposed in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis 38 of the lens system.
  • the plano-concave lens 34 is mounted in one end of a sleeve 39 inside which a concentric sleeve 40 is located in which the plano-convex lens 35 is mounted.
  • the two sleeves are pivotable relative to each other, obviously to a limited extent. They are each connected to a frame 41 by means of two bearing components disposed at either side. For the sleeve 39 these are the bearing components 42 and for the sleeve 40 the bearing components 43. These bearing components are arranged so that their pivoting axes coincide with the pivoting axes 37 and 36 respectively.
  • the bearing components 42 and 43 have a shape which bears greater resemblance to that of the bearing component 18 of the pivoting mirror device of FIG. 3.
  • a thin cylindrical portion 44 is provided in which in the present instance metal wires are fitted in view of the weight of the lenses and the sleeves in which they are mounted, in order to increase the rigidity of the portion 44 so as to oppose pivoting movements perpendicular to the cylinderical axis. Said metal wires are not shown in FIG. 4.
  • the bearing components 42 are connected to the sleeve 39 by pressing-in and, as the case may be, by glueing, while they are secured in the frame 41 in a similar way.
  • the bearing components 43 are connected to the sleeve 40 by means of a fixing pin 45. In this case the various connections can also be made by gluing and/or pressing.
  • the sleeve 39 is provided with a second control means in the form of a substantially annular permanent magnet 45 which is mounted around the sleeve and which is magnetized diametrically and perpendicularly to the pivoting axis 37.
  • the sleeve 40 is provided with a similar permanent magnet 46.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Recording Or Reproduction (AREA)
  • Mechanical Optical Scanning Systems (AREA)
  • Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
US05/633,284 1975-10-03 1975-11-19 Electro-magnetically controllable beam deflection device Expired - Lifetime US4057331A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NLAANVRAGE7511635,A NL181060C (nl) 1975-10-03 1975-10-03 Electromagnetisch bestuurbare straaldeflectie-inrichting.
NL7511635 1975-10-03

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US4057331A true US4057331A (en) 1977-11-08

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US05/633,284 Expired - Lifetime US4057331A (en) 1975-10-03 1975-11-19 Electro-magnetically controllable beam deflection device

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US (1) US4057331A (no)
JP (1) JPS5244608A (no)
AT (1) AT347510B (no)
AU (1) AU496934B2 (no)
CA (1) CA1056628A (no)
CH (1) CH611718A5 (no)
DE (1) DE2643588C2 (no)
DK (1) DK441176A (no)
ES (1) ES452032A1 (no)
FR (1) FR2326757A1 (no)
GB (1) GB1567915A (no)
IT (1) IT1072522B (no)
NL (1) NL181060C (no)
NO (1) NO763340L (no)
SE (1) SE415404B (no)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4123146A (en) * 1977-01-24 1978-10-31 U.S. Philips Corporation Electrically controllable pivoting mirror arrangement
US4850687A (en) * 1986-04-18 1989-07-25 G. Rodenstock Instrumente Gmbh Device for moving a beam of light in a plane of impact
US5280377A (en) * 1991-06-28 1994-01-18 Eastman Kodak Company Beam scanning galvanometer with spring supported mirror
US5581070A (en) * 1989-10-30 1996-12-03 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Omni-directional scan pattern generator in electro-optical scanners
US5621371A (en) * 1989-10-30 1997-04-15 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Arrangement for two-dimensional optical scanning with springs of different moduli of elasticity
WO2002010836A2 (en) * 2000-07-27 2002-02-07 Holl Technologies, Inc. Flexureless magnetic micromirror assembly
US20020148640A1 (en) * 2001-04-12 2002-10-17 Holl Technologies Company Methods of manufacture of electric circuit substrates and components having multiple electric characteristics and substrates and components so manufactured
US20030066624A1 (en) * 2001-09-13 2003-04-10 Holl Richard A. Methods and apparatus for transfer of heat energy between a body surface and heat transfer fluid
US20040013587A1 (en) * 2002-07-16 2004-01-22 Holl Richard A. Processes employing multiple successive chemical reaction process steps and apparatus therefore
US20040052158A1 (en) * 2002-09-11 2004-03-18 Holl Richard A. Methods and apparatus for high-shear mixing and reacting of materials
US6742774B2 (en) 1999-07-02 2004-06-01 Holl Technologies Company Process for high shear gas-liquid reactions
US6752529B2 (en) 2001-03-07 2004-06-22 Holl Technologies Company Methods and apparatus for materials processing
US6787246B2 (en) 2001-10-05 2004-09-07 Kreido Laboratories Manufacture of flat surfaced composites comprising powdered fillers in a polymer matrix
US20040188077A1 (en) * 2002-10-03 2004-09-30 Holl Technologies Company Apparatus for transfer of heat energy between a body surface and heat transfer fluid
US20050033069A1 (en) * 1999-07-02 2005-02-10 Holl Richard A. Process for high shear gas-liquid reactions
US20050128443A1 (en) * 2003-12-11 2005-06-16 Lg Electronics Inc. Actuator for improvement of resolution
US20050168842A1 (en) * 2004-01-29 2005-08-04 Michael Long Two axis tip-tilt platform
US20050264547A1 (en) * 2004-05-27 2005-12-01 Lg Electronics Inc. Display device
US20060007057A1 (en) * 2004-06-01 2006-01-12 Lg Electronics Inc. Display device
US20060098119A1 (en) * 2004-11-05 2006-05-11 Lg Electronics Inc. Mobile terminal
US20060193067A1 (en) * 2005-02-25 2006-08-31 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Tilting assembly and tilting actuator having the same
CN108873317A (zh) * 2018-07-25 2018-11-23 清华大学 电磁致动柔性变焦透镜

Families Citing this family (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES465879A1 (es) * 1977-01-13 1979-01-01 Philips Nv Un metodo de fabricar un dispositivo de espejo pivotante electricamente controlable
JPS6215773Y2 (no) * 1980-08-04 1987-04-21
IL87252A (en) * 1988-07-28 1992-03-29 Israel State Scanning device
DE4134803A1 (de) * 1991-10-22 1993-04-29 Thomson Brandt Gmbh Optische abtastvorrichtung mit einem linsenhalter
FR2690532A1 (fr) * 1992-04-27 1993-10-29 Europ Agence Spatiale Dispositif de pointage pour appareil optique.

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CH354117A (de) * 1957-09-25 1961-05-15 Philips Ag Vorrichtung zur Verschwenkung mindestens einer spiegelnden Fläche nach Massgabe mindestens einer elektrischen Grösse
US3011124A (en) * 1958-04-15 1961-11-28 Ludwig Bolkow Light-beam deflector
US3071036A (en) * 1960-08-31 1963-01-01 William B Mcknight Nutational scanning mirror
US3253525A (en) * 1964-01-03 1966-05-31 Gen Precision Inc Variable optical wedge
US3642344A (en) * 1970-11-27 1972-02-15 Honeywell Inc Optical scanner having high-frequency torsional oscillator

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL171641C (nl) * 1974-02-13 1983-04-18 Philips Nv Inrichting voor het uitlezen van een registratiedrager waarop informatie is aangebracht in een optisch uitleesbare structuur.
US3981566A (en) * 1974-09-23 1976-09-21 Eastman Kodak Company Lever-action mountings for beam steerer mirrors

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH354117A (de) * 1957-09-25 1961-05-15 Philips Ag Vorrichtung zur Verschwenkung mindestens einer spiegelnden Fläche nach Massgabe mindestens einer elektrischen Grösse
US3011124A (en) * 1958-04-15 1961-11-28 Ludwig Bolkow Light-beam deflector
US3071036A (en) * 1960-08-31 1963-01-01 William B Mcknight Nutational scanning mirror
US3253525A (en) * 1964-01-03 1966-05-31 Gen Precision Inc Variable optical wedge
US3642344A (en) * 1970-11-27 1972-02-15 Honeywell Inc Optical scanner having high-frequency torsional oscillator

Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4123146A (en) * 1977-01-24 1978-10-31 U.S. Philips Corporation Electrically controllable pivoting mirror arrangement
US4850687A (en) * 1986-04-18 1989-07-25 G. Rodenstock Instrumente Gmbh Device for moving a beam of light in a plane of impact
US5581070A (en) * 1989-10-30 1996-12-03 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Omni-directional scan pattern generator in electro-optical scanners
US5621371A (en) * 1989-10-30 1997-04-15 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Arrangement for two-dimensional optical scanning with springs of different moduli of elasticity
US5825013A (en) * 1989-10-30 1998-10-20 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetically activated scanner with suspended scanner component
US5280377A (en) * 1991-06-28 1994-01-18 Eastman Kodak Company Beam scanning galvanometer with spring supported mirror
US20050033069A1 (en) * 1999-07-02 2005-02-10 Holl Richard A. Process for high shear gas-liquid reactions
US20040222536A1 (en) * 1999-07-02 2004-11-11 Holl Richard A. Process for high shear gas-liquid reactions
US6994330B2 (en) 1999-07-02 2006-02-07 Kriedo Laboratories Process for high shear gas-liquid reactions
US6742774B2 (en) 1999-07-02 2004-06-01 Holl Technologies Company Process for high shear gas-liquid reactions
US7538237B2 (en) 1999-07-02 2009-05-26 Kreido Laboratories Process for high shear gas-liquid reactions
US6717715B2 (en) 2000-07-27 2004-04-06 Holl Technologies Company Flexureless magnetic micromirror assembly
WO2002010836A3 (en) * 2000-07-27 2002-07-25 Holl Technologies Inc Flexureless magnetic micromirror assembly
WO2002010836A2 (en) * 2000-07-27 2002-02-07 Holl Technologies, Inc. Flexureless magnetic micromirror assembly
US6752529B2 (en) 2001-03-07 2004-06-22 Holl Technologies Company Methods and apparatus for materials processing
US6830806B2 (en) 2001-04-12 2004-12-14 Kreido Laboratories Methods of manufacture of electric circuit substrates and components having multiple electric characteristics and substrates and components so manufactured
US20020148640A1 (en) * 2001-04-12 2002-10-17 Holl Technologies Company Methods of manufacture of electric circuit substrates and components having multiple electric characteristics and substrates and components so manufactured
US20030066624A1 (en) * 2001-09-13 2003-04-10 Holl Richard A. Methods and apparatus for transfer of heat energy between a body surface and heat transfer fluid
US6787246B2 (en) 2001-10-05 2004-09-07 Kreido Laboratories Manufacture of flat surfaced composites comprising powdered fillers in a polymer matrix
US20040013587A1 (en) * 2002-07-16 2004-01-22 Holl Richard A. Processes employing multiple successive chemical reaction process steps and apparatus therefore
US7098360B2 (en) 2002-07-16 2006-08-29 Kreido Laboratories Processes employing multiple successive chemical reaction process steps and apparatus therefore
US20040052158A1 (en) * 2002-09-11 2004-03-18 Holl Richard A. Methods and apparatus for high-shear mixing and reacting of materials
US7165881B2 (en) 2002-09-11 2007-01-23 Holl Technologies Corporation Methods and apparatus for high-shear mixing and reacting of materials
US20040188077A1 (en) * 2002-10-03 2004-09-30 Holl Technologies Company Apparatus for transfer of heat energy between a body surface and heat transfer fluid
US6938687B2 (en) 2002-10-03 2005-09-06 Holl Technologies Company Apparatus for transfer of heat energy between a body surface and heat transfer fluid
US20050128443A1 (en) * 2003-12-11 2005-06-16 Lg Electronics Inc. Actuator for improvement of resolution
US6972913B2 (en) 2004-01-29 2005-12-06 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Two axis tip-tilt platform
WO2005076052A1 (en) * 2004-01-29 2005-08-18 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. A two axis tip-tilt platform
US20050168842A1 (en) * 2004-01-29 2005-08-04 Michael Long Two axis tip-tilt platform
US20050264547A1 (en) * 2004-05-27 2005-12-01 Lg Electronics Inc. Display device
US20060007057A1 (en) * 2004-06-01 2006-01-12 Lg Electronics Inc. Display device
US7762669B2 (en) * 2004-06-01 2010-07-27 Lg Electronics Inc. Display device for improving an image resolution of projection-type display device
US20060098119A1 (en) * 2004-11-05 2006-05-11 Lg Electronics Inc. Mobile terminal
US20060193067A1 (en) * 2005-02-25 2006-08-31 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Tilting assembly and tilting actuator having the same
CN108873317A (zh) * 2018-07-25 2018-11-23 清华大学 电磁致动柔性变焦透镜

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA730776A (de) 1978-05-15
FR2326757A1 (fr) 1977-04-29
SE415404B (sv) 1980-09-29
FR2326757B1 (no) 1981-10-09
JPS5244608A (en) 1977-04-07
DK441176A (da) 1977-04-04
CH611718A5 (no) 1979-06-15
DE2643588C2 (de) 1985-05-30
CA1056628A (en) 1979-06-19
DE2643588A1 (de) 1977-04-14
ES452032A1 (es) 1977-12-01
GB1567915A (en) 1980-05-21
AU496934B2 (en) 1978-11-09
SE7610812L (sv) 1977-04-04
NL181060B (nl) 1987-01-02
NO763340L (no) 1977-04-05
NL181060C (nl) 1987-06-01
IT1072522B (it) 1985-04-10
JPS5626894B2 (no) 1981-06-22
NL7511635A (nl) 1977-04-05
AU1831476A (en) 1978-04-06
AT347510B (de) 1978-12-27

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