US4052264A - Agar-base gelling products - Google Patents

Agar-base gelling products Download PDF

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Publication number
US4052264A
US4052264A US05/663,494 US66349476A US4052264A US 4052264 A US4052264 A US 4052264A US 66349476 A US66349476 A US 66349476A US 4052264 A US4052264 A US 4052264A
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United States
Prior art keywords
agar
galactomannane
carob
culture medium
gel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US05/663,494
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English (en)
Inventor
Horst Kragen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carbonisation et Charbons Actifs CECA SA
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Carbonisation et Charbons Actifs CECA SA
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Filing date
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Priority claimed from FR7506734A external-priority patent/FR2303081A1/fr
Priority claimed from FR7539975A external-priority patent/FR2337201A2/fr
Application filed by Carbonisation et Charbons Actifs CECA SA filed Critical Carbonisation et Charbons Actifs CECA SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
    • C08L5/12—Agar or agar-agar, i.e. mixture of agarose and agaropectin; Derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to agar-base gelling products and has specific reference to novel industrial applications of agar-containing gelling mixtures.
  • galactomannanes are polysaccharide substances that can be extracted from the seeds of leguminous plants such as: Espina Corona, Tara, Delonix Regia, Carob, Ceratonia Siliqua, Gleditsia-Triacanthos, etc.
  • Galactomannanes obtained from these seeds are in the form of aqueous extracts or meals that can be used as thickening agents and also for forming gels in an aqueous medium.
  • the present invention is directed to the use, as a gelling agent for a bacteriological culture medium, of a galactomannane in admixture with the gel known under the name of agar (or agar-agar) and obtained mainly from red seaweeds.
  • Agar comprises essentially two different fractions:
  • Agaropectine a polysaccharide characterised by the sulfate group.
  • the bacteriological support should display the following properties:
  • one fraction of the agar may be replaced with galactomannane in proportions of up to 80%, this substitution, up to 40%, being free of any fundamental changes in the gel behaviour, such as solubilisation temperature, gelling, behaviour during the incubation, viscosity; however and in addition, this substitution is attended by important improvements notably in the gel transparency, giving an equal thickness and a reduction in the SO 4 ions content.
  • the 80/20 agar and carob extract has the same transparency as pure agar
  • the 60/40 agar and carob extract has the same transparency as pure agar.
  • the strength of the compound gel obtained according to this invention may be measured by means of the Bloom gelometer, the figure thus obtained corresponding to the weight necessary for sinking the 12.5 mm diameter piston to a depth of 4 mm into the gel.
  • carob extract is used for the sake of simplification, for similar or identical results may be obtained by using extracts from other galactomannane-bearing plants, notably those mentioned hereinabove and more particularly tara seeds and Espina Corona seeds.
  • an excessive viscosity of the agar + carob extract compound before gelation is detrimental to a homogeneous distribution of the bacteria for operators accustomed to treat agar separately, which yields low-viscosity solutions.
  • depolymerized carob or “depolymerized carob meal” designate herein products of which the degree of polymerization is reduced through physical, chemical or biochemical processes, whereas products having a low degree of polymerization may under certain conditions be obtained naturally (for example as a consequence of bad weather conditions or a late crop).
  • Physical processes consist essentially in treating the substance by crushing, applying ultrasonic energy, or like means.
  • Chemical processes include the use of oxidizing or acid degradations, by operating either in suspension or in the dry state.
  • Biochemical process involve an enzymatic degradation capable of cutting preferentially the glycosidic bonds of the carob polysaccharide.
  • carob extract 100 Grams of carob extract are held in suspension while stirring in two litres of isopropyl alcohol. This suspension is maintained under backflow conditions and acidified by using HCl (N). Then the reflux is maintained during variable time periods. Finally, the product is neutralized, and the carob extract is removed and washed with claim clean isopropyl alcohol.
  • Table I illustrates the various viscosities of depolymerized 1% carob extract, according to the degree of depolymerization.
  • the viscosities mentioned hereinabove and in the following disclosure are expressed in centipoises by measuring at 25° C at 20 r.p.m. with a Type RVT Brookfield viscosimeter over a 1-percent carob solution completely by heating to 90° C.
  • viscosity of gel compounds before they set to their actual gel state does not increase appreciably as long as the viscosity of the carob extract utilized is less than 1,000 cps at 1%.
  • the carob extract utilized should be so depolymerized that its viscosity ranges between 150 and 350 cps.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
  • Edible Seaweed (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
US05/663,494 1975-03-04 1976-03-03 Agar-base gelling products Expired - Lifetime US4052264A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR75.06734 1975-03-04
FR7506734A FR2303081A1 (fr) 1975-03-04 1975-03-04 Perfectionnements aux produits gelifiants a base d'agar
FR75.39975 1975-12-29
FR7539975A FR2337201A2 (fr) 1975-12-29 1975-12-29 Perfectionnements aux produits gelifiants a base d'agar

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4052264A true US4052264A (en) 1977-10-04

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US05/663,494 Expired - Lifetime US4052264A (en) 1975-03-04 1976-03-03 Agar-base gelling products

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4052264A (de)
JP (1) JPS5849224B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1075124A (de)
CH (1) CH611930A5 (de)
DE (1) DE2608387A1 (de)
ES (1) ES445739A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1498563A (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003037104A2 (fr) * 2001-11-01 2003-05-08 Gelex Effet de synergie entre l'agar de faible force de gel et les farines de galactomannanes, et procede de production d'une telle composition

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0355908B1 (de) * 1988-08-17 1996-12-18 Unilever N.V. Flüssiges Gemisch, das ein zur Bildung eines reversiblen Gels befähigtes Polysaccharid-Verdickungsmittel enthält und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Chemical Abstracts, vol. 68, 47308a; 1968. *
chemical Abstracts, vol. 70, 100003s; 1969. *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003037104A2 (fr) * 2001-11-01 2003-05-08 Gelex Effet de synergie entre l'agar de faible force de gel et les farines de galactomannanes, et procede de production d'une telle composition
WO2003037104A3 (fr) * 2001-11-01 2004-04-08 Gelex Effet de synergie entre l'agar de faible force de gel et les farines de galactomannanes, et procede de production d'une telle composition
EA009467B1 (ru) * 2001-11-01 2007-12-28 Гелекс Композиция для получения геля повышенной прочности

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES445739A1 (es) 1977-06-01
GB1498563A (en) 1978-01-18
CH611930A5 (de) 1979-06-29
CA1075124A (fr) 1980-04-08
JPS5849224B2 (ja) 1983-11-02
JPS51112584A (en) 1976-10-05
DE2608387A1 (de) 1976-09-16

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