US3969887A - Electronically controlled timepieces using liquid crystal display elements - Google Patents

Electronically controlled timepieces using liquid crystal display elements Download PDF

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Publication number
US3969887A
US3969887A US05/448,692 US44869274A US3969887A US 3969887 A US3969887 A US 3969887A US 44869274 A US44869274 A US 44869274A US 3969887 A US3969887 A US 3969887A
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Prior art keywords
electrodes
segment
information
liquid crystal
display
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US05/448,692
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English (en)
Inventor
Shigeru Fukumoto
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Casio Computer Co Ltd
SUNCRUX RES OFFICE KK
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SUNCRUX RES OFFICE KK
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Priority claimed from JP48027260A external-priority patent/JPS6014317B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP48033698A external-priority patent/JPS6014354B2/ja
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Publication of US3969887A publication Critical patent/US3969887A/en
Assigned to CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. reassignment CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: SETOGUCHI, ICHIRO
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
    • G04G9/00—Visual time or date indication means
    • G04G9/02—Visual time or date indication means by selecting desired characters out of a number of characters or by selecting indicating elements the position of which represent the time, e.g. by using multiplexing techniques
    • G04G9/06—Visual time or date indication means by selecting desired characters out of a number of characters or by selecting indicating elements the position of which represent the time, e.g. by using multiplexing techniques using light valves, e.g. liquid crystals
    • G04G9/062—Visual time or date indication means by selecting desired characters out of a number of characters or by selecting indicating elements the position of which represent the time, e.g. by using multiplexing techniques using light valves, e.g. liquid crystals using multiplexing techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
    • G04G17/00—Structural details; Housings
    • G04G17/02—Component assemblies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
    • G04G9/00—Visual time or date indication means
    • G04G9/02—Visual time or date indication means by selecting desired characters out of a number of characters or by selecting indicating elements the position of which represent the time, e.g. by using multiplexing techniques
    • G04G9/06—Visual time or date indication means by selecting desired characters out of a number of characters or by selecting indicating elements the position of which represent the time, e.g. by using multiplexing techniques using light valves, e.g. liquid crystals

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an electronically controlled timepiece, and more particularly to an electronic watch utilizing a time indicating body comprising a multitude of liquid crystal display elements.
  • time display devices are so-called "digital time display” in which the time is represented in the form of numerals.
  • an electronically controlled timepiece especially an electronic wrist watch wherein a time display body comprises a multitude of time indicating sections visualized by the electro-optical effect of liquid crystals, and the time is expressed analogically in the form of the various display patterns with time information which appear on the display face of the time indicating body.
  • nematic liquid crystals in particular, are found to work as an effective medium in the application to display devices. It is also well known that there are two types in nematic liquid crystals, that is, the dynamic light scattering mode and the field effect mode. In the liquid crystal with the dynamic scattering mode, turbulence in the molecule alignment is caused when a pertinent electric field is applied across the layer of the liquid crystal confined between a pair of electrode plates. As a result, incident lights are diffused due to this turbulence created within the specific portion of the liquid crystal across which a voltage above the threshold level is applied causing the liquid crystal within this portion to change from clear to "frosted" appearance.
  • the liquid crystals with the field effect mode can be further classified into two types. One of them has positive dielectric anisotropy within its molecules, and the other has negative dielelctric anistropy.
  • these field effect mode liquid crystals are applied to a liquid crystal display cell which is composed of a pair of Nesa glasses having a plurality of electrodes coated on its opposing surfaces and the liquid crystal confined therebetween, in the case of the liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy, the longitudinal axes of the molecules are so oriented to align in parallel with the plane of the electrodes provided on said pair of glasses, whereas in the case of the liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy, the longitudinal axes of the molecules are perpendicularly aligned to the plane of said electrodes.
  • liquid crystals of these types have another advantage of being operable at relatively lower power consumption due to high resistivity close to that of insulators, and the threshold voltage is extremely lower than other electro-luminous substances. Therefore, they have many potentials for application in wide range of measurement devices including portable electronic calculators and horological devices etc.
  • a liquid crystal time display device in which a pair of electrode plates constituting an indicating board are equipped with a multitude of sectioned electrodes which constitute unit display elements and the time is indicated by the complicated display patterns created on the display surface with this multitude of display elements.
  • An object of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks inherent in conventional liquid crystal timepieces by technical innovation and to provide a novel and effective electronic timepiece utilizing liquid crystal display elements.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide the liquid crystal timepiece in which the time is indicated analogically by the display patterns produced on the time indicating face with the multitude of the display elements.
  • Still another object of this invention is to offer the liquid crystal timepiece in which its time indicating body is adapted to be removed from and attached to the body of the timepiece interchangeably.
  • Further object of this invention is to supply the liquid crystal timepiece wherein the time display body is to provide the interchangeable construction so that when it is applied against the body of the timepiece, the display body is effectively connected at the respective contacts with the electronic circuits having a time output system thus establishing safe and secure electric contacts between them.
  • Still further object of this invention is to provide the liquid crystal timepiece in which the contrast in the display patterns between ON states and OFF states of the display elements which appear on the surface of the display body has been improved allowing much easier readout of the time.
  • Still further object of this invention is to supply the liquid crystal timepiece wherein the display elements for minute indication are turned ON sequentially and keep the ON states accumulatively until a changeover in the hour indication takes place.
  • Still further object of this invention is to supply the liquid crystal timepiece wherein both display body equipped with display elements sectioned by every one minute and another display body equipped with display elements sectioned in the scale of every five minutes are applicable to the common body of the timepiece interchangeably.
  • Still further object of this invention is to provide the electronically controlled timepiece using liquid crystal display elements, in which the number of the leads taken out of the liquid crystal display body is greatly reduced in spite of a multitude of the display elements disposed therein, and as a result, the number of the corresponding leads drawn out of the part of the electronic circuits with the output system is effectively reduced enabling the part of the electronic circuits to be constructed by the LSI.
  • Still further object of this invention is to provide the liquid crystal electronic timepiece in a form of a wrist watch as an embodiment of the objects described above.
  • FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view of a liquid crystal watch incorporating features of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a detailed perspective view taken from the liquid crystal watch of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken along the center line A--A of the watch in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a detailed perspective view of a display body of the watch utilizing the nematic liquid crystal with the field effect mode.
  • FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view taken along the center line of the display body in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the lead distribution from an LSI.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram for the whole watch system.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a layout of the electrode pattern in a time display body having sixty display elements for 1 minute indication, which is viewed through the front surface to the opposed electrode plates.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a layout of segment electrodes arranged on the front electrode plate equipped with 60 unit electrodes representing every one minute information.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a layout of common electrodes arranged on the back electrode plate equipped with 12 unit electrodes representing every 1 minute information and to be interfaced with the front electrode plate of FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 11 shows a layout of the electrode pattern in a time display body having 12 display elements for 5 minutes indication, which is viewed through the front surface to the interfaced electrode plates.
  • FIG. 12 shows a layout of segment electrodes arranged on the front electrode plate equipped with one segment electrode adapted for the time indication in 5 minutes intervals.
  • FIG. 13 shows a layout of common electrodes arranged on the back electrode plate equipped with 12 unit electrodes each representing 5 minutes periods, and to be opposed with the front electrode plate of FIG. 12.
  • FIG. 14 shows correlation in the locations of a plurality of contacts provided on the back side of the display body.
  • FIG. 15 is a table explaining electrical connections between the plurality of contacts shown in FIG. 14 and corresponding unit electrodes.
  • FIG. 16 shows correlation in the locations of a plurality of output terminals brought out of the LSI.
  • FIG. 17 is a table explaining the correlation about electrical connections between the contacts in FIG. 14, the unit electrodes in FIG. 15 and the output terminals in FIG. 16.
  • FIG. 18 is a time chart illustrating five kinds of pulses for driving liquid crystal display elements.
  • FIG. 19 is a time chart illustrating the combined waveforms which are produced by combining two pulses selected from each group of pulses shown in FIG. 18.
  • FIG. 20 is a time chart showing another embodiment utilizing other combinations of five kinds of different pulses.
  • FIG. 21 is a time chart of the combined waveforms which are produced by the combinations of two pulses selected from each group of pulses shown in FIG. 20.
  • FIG. 22 is a table showing six kinds of ON states and OFF states of the liquid crystal display elements produced by the various combinations of pulses shown in FIG. 18 or FIG. 20.
  • a time indicating body 2 utilizing liquid crystal display elements is composed of a pair of electrode plates, i.e., a front transparent plate 4 and a back transparent plate 5, and the nematic liquid crystal 3 with the dynamic scattering mode confined therebetween with the aid of a spacer 37 of insulating material.
  • a plurality of electrodes arranged in the predetermined order of activation, which are formed by coating with conductive materials such as tin-oxide (Nesa films). These electrodes are respectively positioned and shaped to correspond to the display pattern for hour and minute indications.
  • FIG. 3 is one embodiment utilizing the liquid crystal of dynamic scattering mode.
  • a time indicating body 201 as illustrated in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 must be utilized.
  • This type of the display body 201 is provided with the construction as described hereunder.
  • a plurality of hour and minute display sections having various shapes respectively are formed on the opposing surfaces of a pair of transparent electrode plates 203 and 205 by coating with conductive materials such as tin-oxide so as to act as electrodes.
  • the field effect mode liquid crystal 208 with positive dielectric anisotropy is sandwiched with the aid of a spacer 204.
  • One surface of the plate 203 which comes in contact with the layer of the liquid crystal 208 is processed beforehand by rubbing in one direction 209 with cotton cloth or the like, while one surface of the plate 205 which comes in contact with the layer of the liquid crystal 208 is so processed that its direction 210 of the rubbing crosses with that of the plate 203 at right angles when these two plates are opposed each other.
  • a liquid crystal display cell 201 thus fabricated has an effect that the plane of polarization of the incident light is gradually twisted round as it passes through the liquid crystal layer.
  • a pair of polarizing plates 202 and 206 sandwiching the above liquid crystal display cell are placed so that their respective planes of polarization are intersected at right angles to each other.
  • polarizing plates are positioned so that their polarizing axes 211 and 212 become parallel with the respective directions of the rubbing 209 and 210 of the plates 203 and 205 respectively.
  • a reflecting plate 207 is placed behind the polarizing plate 206. It is made of material such as white paper and has various display patterns printed thereon which correspond with respective hour, minute and second display sections as described hereinbefore. This reflecting plate 207 is preferably made of material in white color which makes total reflection. The display pattern for time information may be printed either in black or in other colors on the white background of said reflecting plate 207. This display pattern thus printed on the reflecting plate must correspond to the resultant electrode patterns which are formed by coating on the both sides of the opposing surfaces of a pair of plates 203 and 205.
  • the incident light through the front surface of the display body is polarized thereon by the medium of the plane of polarization of the polarizing plate 202.
  • the plane of polarization of the light rotates by the angle of 90°. Therefore, it is transmitted through the polarizing plate 206 and reaches the reflecting board 207.
  • the display pattern printed on the reflecting board 207 can be viewed through the display cell.
  • the pair of polarizing plate 202 and 206 may be arranged so that their respective planes of polarization align in parallel with each other.
  • a uniformly dark surface is observed on the display face as there is no light reflected from the reflecting plate 207.
  • the incident light at the portion goes through the liquid crystal display cell and is reflected by the reflecting plate 207, so that the display pattern printed thereon can be observed.
  • a very high contrast ratio in the time display pattern can be obtained by the combination of the field effect nematic liquid crystal and a pair of polarizing plates allowing easy readout of the time indication.
  • the display body may be improved so that the display face represents the time information in desired colors, if one of the polarizing plates is substituted by a dichromatic polarizing plate, which comprises a pair of polarizing plates sandwiching a transparent material such as a plastic film so that their polarizing axes are perpendicularly crossed.
  • a dichromatic polarizing plate which comprises a pair of polarizing plates sandwiching a transparent material such as a plastic film so that their polarizing axes are perpendicularly crossed.
  • a dichromatic polarizing plate which comprises a pair of polarizing plates sandwiching a transparent material such as a plastic film so that their polarizing axes are perpendicularly crossed.
  • the face of the polarizing plate 206 opposite to the electrode plate 205 adjacent to said plate 206 may be dyed blue.
  • the red time information is represented on a blue background.
  • Various combinations may be considered between the colors for the time information and those for the background.
  • An observer of the liquid crystal display watch 1 as shown in FIG. 1 will be able to recognize the time at a glance at the display pattern appearing on the display face. This is fundamentaly different from either those of conventional watches indicating the time by regular hands or some time indicating marks, or digital display timepieces by numerical information.
  • hour information a particular display section provided on the display face corresponding to the particular hour of the day is turned ON for the duration of an entire hour.
  • the liquid crystal within said display section scatters light presenting an optical effect while rest of the sections are kept in OFF state, that is, the liquid crystal therein remains clear, and the hour is recognized by identifying this frosted effect in the hour display section.
  • the succeeding hour display section When 1 hour has passed, the succeeding hour display section is turned ON and the preceding hour display section which so far has been in the ON state is turned OFF, thus indicating the hour.
  • the hour In the case of a display body using the liquid crystal of field effect mode, the hour is indicated by the display patterns produced by either non-existence of the reflecting light or existence of the reflecting light on particular hour display section corresponding to the hour of the day as detailed hereinabove.
  • minute information starting from the initial minute display section representing either 1 minute or 5 minutes, particular minute display section corresponding to the minute at that time is turned ON successively as time lapses.
  • the minute display sections thus turned ON increase in number one by one keeping the sections which have already been turned ON in the ON state and the succeeding minute display sections are added to this ON state, thus maintaining accumulative display in minute display sections until a changeover in the hour display section takes place.
  • the minute of the time can be easily recognized either by counting the number of the minute display sections which have already been brought into ON state, or by confirming the end position of thus accumulatively turned ON minute display sections. Further, for the purpose of allowing easier and quicker readout of the time, improvement may be made by providing some key points such as thicker boundaries in several places. According to the display technique described above, the liquid crystal watch 1 in FIG. 1 indicates 12:43.
  • One of the pair of electrode plates composing the display cell is equipped in predetermined positions on one surface thereof with K pieces of electrodes for the hour display which are divided into K1 blocks so that each block contains K2 pieces of electrodes, and with L pieces of electrodes for the minute display which are divided into L1 blocks so that each block contains L2 pieces of electrodes.
  • K and L pieces of electrodes act respectively as segment electrodes.
  • the other electrode plate is equipped in predetermined positions with K1 pieces of electrodes for the hour display which are respectively sized and shaped to correspond to the hour blocks, and with L1 pieces of electrodes for the minute display which are also sized and shaped respectively to correspond to the minute blocks.
  • K1 and L1 pieces of electrodes act respectively as common electrodes.
  • desired numbers of transparent segment electrodes are provided by coating on one surface of the former transparent electrode plate and desired numbers of transparent common electrodes are provided by coating on the opposing surface of the latter transparent electrode plate opposite to said former electrode plate, and then the layer of the liquid crystal is sandwiched between said pair of electrode plates, so that a multitude of the liquid crystal display elements are formed constituting the particular display sections respectively.
  • a voltage above the threshold voltage within the response region of liquid crystals is applied across a layer of the liquid crystal between a pair of segment and common electrodes at certain display section, the display element at that display section is activated to be turned ON representing particular display information, that is, the hour and the minute at that time.
  • the time indicating body 2 is equipped with 60 display sections for minute indication and 12 display sections for hour indication.
  • the total number of leads required will be as many as 74.
  • the total numbers of leads required can be reduced to 24.
  • the number 60 for 60 display sections for minute indication is solved into two factors in the manner that the sum of the factors be as small as possible.
  • the number 60 is solved into 5 and 12, which, at the same time, is most convenient for time indication. Accordingly, 60 segment electrodes are disposed so as to form 12 blocks each having five segment electrodes on one of the electrode plate. On the other electrode plate, 12 common electrodes are disposed so that each of them is shaped and positioned to correspond to each block of the segment electrodes. Meanwhile, the number 12 for 12 display sections for hour indication is solved into two factors, namely 3 and 4. Then 12 segment electrodes divided into four blocks by three segment electrodes per block are disposed on the former plate. And the latter plate is disposed with four common electrodes which are respectively shaped and positioned to correspond to each block of the segment electrodes.
  • each lead is meandering through all blocks so as to interconnect 12 segment electrodes one after another which are symmetrically positioned with respect to each block boundary 38 between the adjacent blocks 41, starting from each segment electrode 40, in the initial block. As can be seen in the figures, no leads cross each other. Therefore, only five leads are sufficient for the minute display.
  • each lead is also meandering through all blocks 42 so as to interconnect four segment electrodes 43 one after another which are symmetrically positioned with respect to each block boundary 39 in like manner. Therefore, only three leads are enough for the hour display.
  • the total number of leads required in the front plate 4 will be equal to the numbers of the segment electrodes 40, 43 contained within each block 41, 42 for hour and minute information. Therefore, the total number of the leads will be only eight in this embodiment.
  • the present invention greatly reduces the number of leads from 74 required in the conventional method to only 24, which is the sum of above four factors; 5, 12, 3 and 4. Thus one of the object of the invention is fulfilled.
  • the leads thus brought out from said two electrode plates 4, 5 which confine the layer of the liquid crystal with the aid of the insulated spacer 37 are adapted to go through the holes perforated at the predetermined locations on the circumferential portion of the back plate 5, that is the latter plate, or make detours along the conductive paths provided ont he peripheral edge of the back plate 5, then reaching the back face of the back plate 5.
  • the leads are respectively connected with corresponding conductive rubber contacts 6 which are to be provided on the back face of the time indicating body 2.
  • Said conductive rubber contacts 6 serve as input terminals for the display body. It is necessary to provide as many such conductive rubber contacts as the total number of leads.
  • conductive rubber contacts 6 may be provided either directly on the back face of the back plate 5 or may be provided indirectly on a contact base which is adapted to cover the back face of the back plate 5.
  • the time display body 2 is constructed as an exchangeable component, in which it can be removed easily from the rest of the display device through the medium of the conductive rubber contacts 6.
  • An upper printed circuit board 7 attached beneath the back face of the time display body 2 is provided with an electronic circuit, that is, an LSI 8 incorporating time output system, from which a plurality of leads 9 are radially brought out on the upper circuit board 7 so as to connect to the corresponding conductive rubber contacts 6 respectively. Pulse signals generated in the LSI 8 are delivered to the respective display elements in the time display body 2 through the leads 9 and the contacts 6.
  • a plurality of leads 10 extending downward from the LSI 8 provided on the upper circuit board 7 are respectively connected to a crystal oscillator 12 to generate a base oscillations at a fixed high frequency, a trimmer condenser 13 to adjust the base frequency sent from the crystal oscillator 12, and up-converter 14 to increase voltage so as to actuate the liquid crystal display elements, a time reset means 15 to adjust the hour, minute and second, and battery cells 16 to supply power source, all of which are placed on a lower printed circuit board 11.
  • the upper board 7 and the lower board 11 are combined into a unit.
  • FIG. 6 showing lead distribution from the LSI incorporated in the present liquid crystal watch and to FIG. 7 showing a block diagram.
  • Two leads are associated with the crystal oscillator 12, one of which branches off to connect with the trimmer condenser 13.
  • Other three leads are respectively for the battery cell 16, for the up-converter 14 and for ground.
  • the remaining three leads are connected with the time reset means 15.
  • the total of leads drawn out to the lower board 11 from the LSI amounts to 10 with additional two leads 17 intended for date indication.
  • 17 leads for minute information and seven leads for hour information are brought out with additional two leads intended for second information.
  • the total number of leads becomes 26, and they are respectively associated with the corresponding 26 leads brought out from the LSI 8. Consequently, the leads brought out from the LSI 8 will aggregate to 36.
  • the total number of leads brought out from the LSI can be greatly reduced as compared with the conventional method, which will ease technical difficulties involved in manufacturing LSIs. Further, this reduction in the number of leads will permit not only to draw out leads more easily from a receptacle housing a very small LSI, but to minimize the size of the receptacle enabling the device to be applied to a wrist watch.
  • the time display body 2 is removably engaged with the upper board 7 fixed on the lower board 11, thus constructing a principal part of a watch. This principal part is inserted into a case 18.
  • a cover ring 19 to hold the time display body 2 and a bottom cover 20 are engaged respectively with the case 18 at the upper and lower threaded portions of the case to complete the liquid crystal watch 1 of the present invention.
  • the battery cells 16 held by battery holders 21 are removably set on the lower board 11.
  • the bottom cover 20 is unscrewed to be detached from the lower board 11, then the exhausted battery cells are removed from the battery holders 21 for exchange for new ones.
  • the lower board 11, when provided with new battery cells, are again attached to the bottom cover 20. Thus enough power source can be always secured.
  • the conductive rubber contacts 6 disposed on the back face of the time display body 2 are formed by processing a mixture of non-conductive rubber material such as silicon rubber and a conductive material such as carbon or silver. In practical application, it will be convenient to engage a contact base which is made of a non-conductive rubber film to the back face of the time display body so that the conductive rubber contacts 6 are inserted and fixed therein.
  • the annular flange portion 22 around the back plate 5 is covered with a ring insulator 24 made of rubber, which not only protects the leads forming current paths but serves as a portion to be pressed by the cover ring 19 supporting the time display body.
  • the ring insulator 24 is also used to insure a watertight closure between the indicating body 2 and the case 18.
  • a projection 25 provided on the back face of the time display body is engaged with a recess 26 made on the circumferential edge of the upper board 7. Such engagement prevents the time display body from rotating. Then the cover ring 19 is pressed against the time display body and screwed so that a threaded portion 27 threaded on the inside of the cover ring 19 and a threaded portion 28 provided on the outside of the case 18 are interengaged. Thus the time display body 2 is fixed.
  • the projection 25 fixed on the back face of the time display body is adapted to be engaged with the recess 26 made on the upper board 7.
  • the detailed construction of the time indicating body 2 for the electronic watch 1 of the present invention is described hereinafter with two embodiments. One of them represents minute information every 1 minute, and the other represents every 5 minutes. Either time display may be applied to the same watch interchangeably to make a successful time indication.
  • the time display body 2 presenting every 1 minute information shown in FIg. 8 comprises a pair of plates, one of which is the front plate 4 arranged with a pattern of electrodes shown in FIG. 9, and the other of which is the back plate 5 arranged with a pattern of electrodes shown in FIG. 10.
  • the two plates are concentrically placed so that they face each other at every correspsonding electrode.
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view looked through the time display body 2 of above construction from the front plate side.
  • the time display body 2 representing every five minutes information shown in FIG. 11 likewise comprises a front plate 4 shown in FIG. 12 concentrically placed on a back plate 5 shown in FIG. 13.
  • the time display body 2 is looked through from the front plate side.
  • the front plate 4 is made of transparent SnO 2 coated glass and the back plate 5 is made of similar SnO 2 coated glass.
  • the back plate 5 may be treated by evaporating reflective material such as aluminum when it is intended to serve as a reflecting plate.
  • segment electrodes 40 are divided into 12 blocks 41, each block 41 including five sections 40 each presenting minute information every 1 minute, which are radially arranged by coating conductive material on the circumferential portion of the front plate 4.
  • the sections act as segment electrodes 40. From the five indicated segment electrodes MS1, MS2, MS3, MS4, MS5 within the initial block 41, five leads forming current paths are brought out to the five predetermined holes 23 bored on the annular flange portion around the back plate 5 as illustrated in FIG. 8.
  • Every lead as stated above is meandering as shown without crossing each other through all the blocks 41 connecting 12 segment electrodes 40 one after another which are symmetrically positioned with respect to each block 41 boundary 38, starting from the initial block.
  • 12 petal-shaped sections 43 for hour information formed by coating conductive material are divided into four blocks 42 by three sections per block and disposed on the inner portion of the front plate 4. They also act as segment electrodes 43 as shown in FIG. 9. From the three indicated segment electrode sets, HS1, HS2, HS3 within the initial block 42, three leads are brought out to the three predetermined holes 23 on the annular flange portion of the back plate 5 as illustrated in FIG. 8. The three leads are respectively meandering and connecting appropriate segment electrodes 43 in the same manner as in the case of the minute information.
  • a lozenge-shaped section 44 positioned at the center of the front plate 4 acts as a segment electrode SS for second information, from which a lead is brought out to the predetermined hole 23 bored on the annular flange portion of the back plate 5 as illustrated in FIG. 8.
  • 12 sections each of which is made to correspond to the size and shape of each block for the minute information, are provided by coating in the corresponding positions of the back plate 5. They act as common electrodes for minute information, MC1, MC2, MC3 . . . MC11, MC12, from which the leads are respectively brought out to the 12 predetermined holes 23 bored on the annular flange portion of the back plate 5.
  • HC1, HC2, HC3, HC4 of the same size and shape as the block 42 of the segment electrodes 43 for hour information are also provided in the appropriate positions of the same back plate 5.
  • Four leads are brought out respectively from four common electrodes to the four predetermined holes 23 on the annular flange portion of the back plate 5.
  • a lozenge-shaped section 44 at the center of the back plate 5 is a common electrode SC for second information of the same size and shape as the segment electrode SS and positioned to correspond to the segment electrode SS. From the common electrode SC, a lead is brought out as illustrated to the predetermined hole 23 on the annular flange portion of the back plate 5.
  • the time display body presenting every five minutes information shown in FIG. 11 is constructed in like manner as above.
  • a front plate 4 and a back plate 5 are respectively provided with a segment electrode 45 and common electrode MC 1-MC 12 for our information and a segment electrode 44 for second information which are respectively designed in accordance with a desired display pattern. From the two plates, required number of leads are drawn out to the corresponding holes 23 on the annular flange portion of the back plate 5.
  • the time display presenting every 5 minutes information differs from the time display presenting every 1 minute information in the point that the segment electrode MS6 disposed on the front plate 4 is shaped into one annular electrode 45 as illustrated in FIG. 12, and only one lead is brought out therefrom.
  • a lead from the segment electrode SS (44) is also connected with the segment electrode MS6.
  • the time display body 2 having a freely designed display pattern is provided with 26 leads for every 1 minute information or 21 leads for every 5 minutes information, which are respectively brought out from the front plate 4 and the back plate 5. These leads go through the holes 23 bored at equal distance on the flange portion 22 around the back plate, and then connect with appropriate conductive rubber contacts 6 formed on the back face of the time display body.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates the back face of the time display body 2 and each contact therein is numbered as shown.
  • FIG. 15 will explain electrical connection between the contacts and the electrodes in both of the time display bodies representing every 1 and 5 minutes informations.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates 36 leads brought out from the LSI 8, including 26 leads to the time display body and 10 leads to the lower board, each of which is numbered from 1 to 36.
  • FIG. 17 explains electrical connection between the leads and the electrodes. The numbers within parenthesis indicate the contact numbers. In FIG. 17, 10 leads from 27 to 36 are omitted, because they can be connected alternatively with any component disposed on the lower board.
  • time display body is so constructed that the segment and common electrodes provided on the pair of plates are associated one by one with appropriate contacts on the back face of the time display body as set forth hereinbefore, desired pulse signals can be delivered from the LSI 8 engaged in the upper board 7 via relative contacts, thus permitting the liquid crystal display elements to be turned ON or OFF as desired on the display face. Therefore, only if each electrode disposed on the pair of plates so as to make a desired display on the display face is properly connected with a relative contact on the back face of the time display body, any desired pattern can be exhibited on the time display body. Consequently, various kinds of time display bodies with different display patterns may be produced. Moreover, both types of the time display bodies presenting every 1 minute information in FIG. 6 and every 5 minutes information in FIG. 7 may be used in the same watch interchangeably without any trouble.
  • two silver oxide battery cells 16 of about 1.5V are used in these embodiments, and they are supported by the battery holders 21 provided on the lower board 11, and can be easily replaced.
  • the oscillating circuit 33, the frequency dividing circuit 34 and the counter-decoder 35 are driven by 1.5V power supplied by the battery cells 16.
  • the driver 36 requires a DC voltage of 6 to 8V to actuate the liquid crystal elements to be turned ON or OFF. Therefore, the voltage must be increased by the up-converter 14 so as to meet the requirement.
  • a crystal oscillator 12 prepared on the lower board 11 and an oscillating circuit 33 incorporated in the LSI 8 are combined to generate a base pulse of high frequency, which is adjusted by a trimmer condenser 13 to 32.768 KHz.
  • the high frequency pulse is counted down to become two time output pulses of 1 pulse per second and of 1 pulse per minute in a frequency dividing circuit 34, and simultaneously it is modulated into the five kinds of pulse signals for driving the liquid crystal display elements, VSeg1, VSeg 2, VCom 1, VCom 2, VCom 3, as shown in FIG. 18 or FIG. 20.
  • the output pulses of 1 pulse per minute is further counted down by a counter decoder 35 to a time output pulse of 1 pulse per hour.
  • the outputs of the counter are decoded so as to produce a plurality of control pulses to control said pulse signals for the driving the display elements in the counter-decoder 35.
  • Two of the pulse signals, VSeg 1, VSeg 2 are applied to the segment electrodes, and the other three pulse signals, VCom 1, Vcom 2, VCom 3, are applied to the common electrodes.
  • These output pulse signals are in the form of direct current pulses each cycling at T period.
  • One of three kinds of these pulse signals VCom 1, VCom 2 and VCom 3 are associated respectively with one of two kinds of these pulse signals VSeg 1 and VSeg 2 in the manner of six kinds of combinations of two selected pulses, and these combinations of two pulses produce six kinds of potential differences between common and segment electrodes as shown in FIG. 19 or FIG. 21.
  • FIG. 19 In the case of FIG. 19
  • VSeg 1 and VCom 1 comprise the effective value of the voltage at a rate to two-third of the VP to be applied in the alternating field between electrode pairs.
  • the effective value of the voltage acquired by the waveform to be formed by the combination of the pulse signals VSeg 2 and VCom 2 becomes 0 volt to turn OFF display elements.
  • two kinds of the combined waveforms which are produced by the combination of two pulses comprise the effective value of the voltage at a rate of one-third of the VP to be applied in the alternating field between electrode pairs. Therefore, in both cases, when the effective value of the voltage applied in the electric field between electrode pairs is fixed to become one-half of the VP, then provided the applied voltage is sufficient to attain the required threshold level for the liquid crystal, observer will perceive the display elements turn ON or OFF in accordance with the changes in the six kinds of combinations of pulses as shown in the table in FIG. 22.
  • ON represents that display elements are in turned ON state
  • OFF represents that display elements are in turned OFF state.
  • the display elements which are now turned ON exhibit perceivable effect of light-scattering or light transmission, in the case of the liquid crystal of dynamic scattering mode, or perceivable field effect in the case of the liquid crystal of the field effect mode such as the twisted nematic mode. And the display elements which are now turned OFF exhibit little or no change in the degree of these effects.
  • pulse signals for driving the display elements are controlled by the control pulses which are arranged in the counter-decorder 35 so that all the segment and common electrodes are respectively applied proper pulse signals selected in a predetermined intervals so as to combine these pulse signals to be applied across the common and segment electrodes.
  • the pulse signals given to the segment electrodes comprise VSeg 1 and VSeg 2, each of which is supplied repeatedly in respective period regulated by said control pulses during the predetermined repeated cycles, while the pulse signals given to the common electrodes comprise VCom 1, VCom 2, VCom 3, each of which is also applied repeatedly in like manner to be controlled by said control pulses.
  • the pulse signal applied to the common electrode (hereinafter referred to as common pulse signal) within the first block is switched from VCom 3 to VCom 2, while the rest of the common electrodes are still being fed with the pulse signal VCom 3.
  • the pulse signal applied to the segment electrode (hereinafter referred to as segment pulse signal) is switched from VSeg 2 to VSeg 1 one by one in the order of MS1, MS2, MS3, MS4, MS5. Then each display element within the first block shifts from the OFF state to the ON state in due order to perform accumulative display.
  • the common pulse signal applied to the block is switched from VCom 2 to VCom 1, and simultaneously the segment pulse signal returns altogether from VSeg 1 to VSeg 2.
  • the common pulse signal applied to the second block is converted to VCom 2 from VCom 3 and the segment pulse signal is switched from VSeg 2 to VSeg 1 one by one in the order to MS5, MS4, MS3, MS2, MS1.
  • each display element within the second block shifts from OFF state to ON state in due order to perform accumulative display. All the while, all display elements within the first block keep ON because the common electrode of the first block is applied a pulse signal VCom 1.
  • the common pulse signal for the second block is converted to VCom 1 and simultaneously the segment pulse signal returns altogether to VSeg 2 in like manner as in the first block.
  • the common pulse signal for the third block is switched from VCom 3 to VCom 2 and the segment pulse signal is switched from VSeg 2 to VSeg 1 one by one in the order of MS1, MS2, MS3, MS4, MS5. Then each display element within the third block is turned ON in due order to perform accumulative display.
  • the common pulse signal and the segment pulse signal of the preceding block are altogether switched respectively from VCom 2 to VCom 1 and from VSeg 1 to VSeg 2, while common pulse signal of the succeeding block is also switched from VCom 3 to VCom 2.
  • subsequent display elements in OFF state are turned ON one by one to make accumulative display keeping each display element of each block which has already been turned ON in the ON state.
  • pulse signals VSeg 1, VSeg 2, VCom 2, VCom 3 are used, two pulse signals of which are combined to make four types of ON and OFF states on each display element causing only one of the display elements to be turned ON at a time.
  • the pulse signal VCom 1 is not necessary for hour information, because it does not make accumulative display.
  • three kinds of pulse signals, VCom 1, VCom 2, VCom 3, are likewise applied to each common electrode alternately for every predetermined period, because the common electrodes are disposed in the same manner as in the case of every one minute information.
  • the sole segment electrode MS6 always has the pulse signal VSeg 1 applied. Then each display element is turned ON every 5 minutes in sequence, resulting in accumulative display.
  • the segment electrode SS always has the pulse signal VSeg 1 applied, because the segment electrode SS is connected with the contact No. 4 by way of the segment electrode MS6 for the time display body presenting every five minutes information, and connected directly with the same contact No. 4 for the time display body presenting every 1 minute information.
  • VCom 1 and VCom 3 are alternately applied; thus the second display element is turned ON or OFF every second.
  • the electronic watch of the present invention is equipped with a time reset means 15. It consists of three time reset switches to adjust the hour, minute and second individually.
  • a time reset switch When an hour reset switch is switched on, the ON state of the hour display section begins to travel through the hour display sections rapidly. When the ON state comes to the desired section, the hour reset switch is switched off. Then the ON state stops travelling to represent the hour of the day.
  • a minute reset switch is switched on, the minute display sections which are turned ON are rapidly added one after another. When the ON sections are accumulated to the desired section, the minute reset switch is switched off. Then the addition of the ON sections stops and the end section which has been turned ON represents the minute of the hour.
  • the present watch can be provided with a time display comprising a plurality of display sections with various shapes and areas for hour, minute and second informations. Each section can be freely and beautifully designed and disposed so that the time can be readout easily. Therefore, the present liquid crystal watch can afford a novel time display which has not been seen in conventional display devices.
  • the present watch reduces the number of necessary leads by interconnecting each electrode constructing display elements in a predetermined order as set forth hereinbefore.
  • the present watch does not require any hand or time indicating mark because of its unique display technique, in which each display element, in particular, display elements for minute indication are turned ON sequentially and accumulatively enabling to identify the time more accurately and easily.
  • the time display device can be miniaturized by employing an LSI comprising an integrated electronic circuits for driving the liquid crystal display elements so that it can be applied to a wrist watch.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
US05/448,692 1973-03-08 1974-03-06 Electronically controlled timepieces using liquid crystal display elements Expired - Lifetime US3969887A (en)

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JA48-27260 1973-03-08
JP48027260A JPS6014317B2 (ja) 1973-03-08 1973-03-08 液晶電子時計
JP48033698A JPS6014354B2 (ja) 1973-03-24 1973-03-24 液晶表示装置
JA48-33698 1973-03-24

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CA (1) CA997157A (fr)
CH (1) CH621913B (fr)
DE (1) DE2410527C3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2220822B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1464976A (fr)
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NL (1) NL165308C (fr)

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US4204399A (en) * 1977-08-03 1980-05-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Wristwatch
US4212159A (en) * 1978-02-13 1980-07-15 Texas Instruments Incorporated Electronic timepiece
US4213294A (en) * 1977-04-12 1980-07-22 Freeman Alfred B Analog displays for electronic timepieces
US4238848A (en) * 1976-01-20 1980-12-09 Hitachi, Ltd. Electronic timepiece
US4244040A (en) * 1978-10-10 1981-01-06 Robert Fondiller Miniature electronic device construction
US4255806A (en) * 1978-02-10 1981-03-10 Braun Aktiengesellschaft Display means for chronometers with electro-optical elements
US4382697A (en) * 1979-02-27 1983-05-10 Seikosha Co., Ltd. Electronic timepiece
US4385842A (en) * 1975-03-10 1983-05-31 Timex Corporation Electronic timepiece for indicating digital subdivisions of time in a substantially conventional format
US4400092A (en) * 1979-02-08 1983-08-23 Centre Electronique Horloger Sa Analogue and digital display
US4707141A (en) * 1986-01-08 1987-11-17 Karel Havel Variable color analog timepiece
EP0256434A2 (fr) * 1986-08-11 1988-02-24 Walter GmbH Montre électrique
US5455808A (en) * 1993-11-26 1995-10-03 Asulab S.A. Timepiece with a mobile display
US5636185A (en) * 1995-03-10 1997-06-03 Boit Incorporated Dynamically changing liquid crystal display timekeeping apparatus
CH688329GA3 (de) * 1994-08-24 1997-08-15 Siemens Ag Anordnung zur Anzeige von Zeiteinheiten mittels eines entlang einer Skala beweglichen Zeigerelementes.
US20030214885A1 (en) * 2002-05-17 2003-11-20 Summer Powell Electronic time-telling device
US6693606B1 (en) * 1999-09-10 2004-02-17 Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. Method of and apparatus for displaying measured quantity, recording medium, and program
US6714488B1 (en) * 2001-09-04 2004-03-30 Eric J. Vogel Kinetichrome
EP1265095A3 (fr) * 2001-06-07 2004-07-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides
US20040145971A1 (en) * 2003-01-29 2004-07-29 Lau Cheung Ching Watch having faceplate that displays decorative image elements in a sequence of patterns
USD735589S1 (en) * 2012-02-28 2015-08-04 Movado Llc Watch case
USD744365S1 (en) 2012-09-13 2015-12-01 Time Timer Llc Watch face
USD830858S1 (en) 2017-01-23 2018-10-16 Time Timer Llc Timer
USD961410S1 (en) * 2020-07-10 2022-08-23 Hygiene IQ, LLC Smart hygiene device

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DE2730069A1 (de) * 1977-07-02 1979-01-11 Braun Ag Zeitmesser mit einer anzeigeeinrichtung
DE2732877C3 (de) * 1977-07-21 1984-10-25 Braun Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Zeitmesser mit einer Anzeigeeinrichtung
DE2803899C2 (de) * 1978-01-30 1983-05-26 Hans Uwe Dipl.-Phys. 8021 Taufkirchen Reif Verfahren zur Ansteuerung einer quasianalogen Uhren-Anzeigeeinrichtung
GB2014337A (en) * 1978-02-13 1979-08-22 Texas Instruments Inc Electronic Timepiece
DE3149521A1 (de) * 1981-12-14 1983-06-16 Braun Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Anzeigevorrichtung fuer verschiedene werte
FR2583895A1 (fr) * 1985-06-25 1986-12-26 Graff Bruno Systeme d'indication de l'heure qu'il est, par la combinaison de symboles graphiques

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US3772874A (en) * 1971-12-09 1973-11-20 Princeton Materials Science Display apparatus and chronometer utilizing optically variable liquid
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US3841083A (en) * 1971-03-01 1974-10-15 Time Computer Self-illuminated liquid crystal timepiece
US3861135A (en) * 1973-02-08 1975-01-21 Chomerics Inc Electrical interconnector and method of making

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CH697470A4 (fr) * 1970-05-11 1972-08-31
US3748017A (en) * 1970-06-05 1973-07-24 K Yamamura Electrodes for liquid crystal display device
DE2140536C3 (de) * 1970-08-14 1974-12-19 K.K. Suncrux Research Office, Kobe (Japan) Zeiger- und ziffernloses Zeitanzeigegerät
IT946051B (it) * 1970-12-04 1973-05-21 Hoffmann La Roche Cellula ottica
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3505804A (en) * 1968-04-23 1970-04-14 Rca Corp Solid state clock
US3540209A (en) * 1968-07-31 1970-11-17 Timex Corp Horological time display
US3841083A (en) * 1971-03-01 1974-10-15 Time Computer Self-illuminated liquid crystal timepiece
US3731986A (en) * 1971-04-22 1973-05-08 Int Liquid Xtal Co Display devices utilizing liquid crystal light modulation
US3839857A (en) * 1971-06-03 1974-10-08 American Cyanamid Co Electrochromic information displays
US3772874A (en) * 1971-12-09 1973-11-20 Princeton Materials Science Display apparatus and chronometer utilizing optically variable liquid
US3861135A (en) * 1973-02-08 1975-01-21 Chomerics Inc Electrical interconnector and method of making

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4385842A (en) * 1975-03-10 1983-05-31 Timex Corporation Electronic timepiece for indicating digital subdivisions of time in a substantially conventional format
US4238848A (en) * 1976-01-20 1980-12-09 Hitachi, Ltd. Electronic timepiece
US4213294A (en) * 1977-04-12 1980-07-22 Freeman Alfred B Analog displays for electronic timepieces
US4204399A (en) * 1977-08-03 1980-05-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Wristwatch
US4255806A (en) * 1978-02-10 1981-03-10 Braun Aktiengesellschaft Display means for chronometers with electro-optical elements
US4212159A (en) * 1978-02-13 1980-07-15 Texas Instruments Incorporated Electronic timepiece
US4244040A (en) * 1978-10-10 1981-01-06 Robert Fondiller Miniature electronic device construction
US4400092A (en) * 1979-02-08 1983-08-23 Centre Electronique Horloger Sa Analogue and digital display
US4382697A (en) * 1979-02-27 1983-05-10 Seikosha Co., Ltd. Electronic timepiece
US4707141A (en) * 1986-01-08 1987-11-17 Karel Havel Variable color analog timepiece
EP0256434A2 (fr) * 1986-08-11 1988-02-24 Walter GmbH Montre électrique
EP0256434B1 (fr) * 1986-08-11 1994-11-02 Walter GmbH Montre électrique
US5455808A (en) * 1993-11-26 1995-10-03 Asulab S.A. Timepiece with a mobile display
CH688329GA3 (de) * 1994-08-24 1997-08-15 Siemens Ag Anordnung zur Anzeige von Zeiteinheiten mittels eines entlang einer Skala beweglichen Zeigerelementes.
US5636185A (en) * 1995-03-10 1997-06-03 Boit Incorporated Dynamically changing liquid crystal display timekeeping apparatus
US5995456A (en) * 1995-03-10 1999-11-30 Boit Incorporated Dynamically changing liquid crystal display timekeeping apparatus
US6693606B1 (en) * 1999-09-10 2004-02-17 Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. Method of and apparatus for displaying measured quantity, recording medium, and program
EP1265095A3 (fr) * 2001-06-07 2004-07-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides
US6714488B1 (en) * 2001-09-04 2004-03-30 Eric J. Vogel Kinetichrome
US20030214885A1 (en) * 2002-05-17 2003-11-20 Summer Powell Electronic time-telling device
US20040145971A1 (en) * 2003-01-29 2004-07-29 Lau Cheung Ching Watch having faceplate that displays decorative image elements in a sequence of patterns
USD735589S1 (en) * 2012-02-28 2015-08-04 Movado Llc Watch case
USD744365S1 (en) 2012-09-13 2015-12-01 Time Timer Llc Watch face
USD830858S1 (en) 2017-01-23 2018-10-16 Time Timer Llc Timer
USD961410S1 (en) * 2020-07-10 2022-08-23 Hygiene IQ, LLC Smart hygiene device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1009679B (it) 1976-12-20
DE2410527B2 (de) 1976-06-10
NL165308C (nl) 1981-03-16
DE2410527A1 (de) 1974-09-12
CA997157A (en) 1976-09-21
CH621913B (de)
FR2220822B1 (fr) 1980-04-04
NL165308B (nl) 1980-10-15
FR2220822A1 (fr) 1974-10-04
GB1464976A (en) 1977-02-16
NL7403134A (fr) 1974-09-10
CH621913GA3 (fr) 1981-03-13
DE2410527C3 (de) 1983-11-03

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