US3929053A - Production of glide and portamento in an electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Production of glide and portamento in an electronic musical instrument Download PDF

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US3929053A
US3929053A US464936A US46493674A US3929053A US 3929053 A US3929053 A US 3929053A US 464936 A US464936 A US 464936A US 46493674 A US46493674 A US 46493674A US 3929053 A US3929053 A US 3929053A
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frequency number
glide
value
frequency
portamento
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Ralph Deutsch
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Nippon Gakki Co Ltd
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Nippon Gakki Co Ltd
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Priority to DE2518633A priority patent/DE2518633B2/de
Priority to JP5124675A priority patent/JPS54767B2/ja
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H7/00—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs
    • G10H7/08—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs by calculating functions or polynomial approximations to evaluate amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform
    • G10H7/10—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs by calculating functions or polynomial approximations to evaluate amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform using coefficients or parameters stored in a memory, e.g. Fourier coefficients
    • G10H7/105—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs by calculating functions or polynomial approximations to evaluate amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform using coefficients or parameters stored in a memory, e.g. Fourier coefficients using Fourier coefficients

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  • ABSTRACT [56] References Cited The apparatus produces glide and portamento in an UNITED STATES PATENTS .electronic musical instrument in which the generated 3,515,792 6/1970 Deutsch 84/1.03 tone is proportional to a current frequency number. A 3.610.799 10/1971 watsonu- 84/101 time varying fractional frequency number is estabx 84/101 X lished that increases or decreases in value during glide 3743755 zgg or portamento production.
  • the present invention relates to the production of glide and portamento effects in an electronic musical instrument.
  • tone production begins immediately at the nominal frequency of that note, possibly with gradually increasing amplitude during the initial, attack period.
  • Certain electronic organs have a glide option in which the tone starts low in pitch, then gradually glides up to the nominal frequency.
  • the glide is controlled by a toe switch mounted on the swell shoe, or by a switch responsive to rotation of the shoe itself.
  • a toe switch mounted on the swell shoe, or by a switch responsive to rotation of the shoe itself.
  • the musician must coordinate foot operation of the glide switch with playing of the manual keys. Considerable dexterity is required.
  • the note In the usual glide effect, the note initially is sounded a whole tone, or possibly a semi-tone below the nominal pitch. The frequency gradually rises until it corresponds to the note actuated on the instrument keyboard. Alternatively, the note may begin at a frequency that is above the nominal pitch, and gradually decrease to the true frequency. In a slalom glide, the sound begins low in pitch, gradually rises in frequency past the nominal pitch, then finally decreases to the true pitch of the selected note.
  • Another object of the'present invention is to implement both glide up, glide down and slalom glide effects in an electronic musical instrument.
  • a few instruments notably the trombone, can produce a portamento effect in which the generated frequency does not change abruptly from one note to the next, but rather glides through all of the intermediate tones.
  • a further object of the present invention is to implement such portamento effects in an electronic musical instrument.
  • a glide effect is produced by modifying the frequency number at the beginning of tone production. This advantageously is achieved by subtracting from or adding to theselected number R a rational fraction S of that number which decreases with time.
  • the graph of FIG. 1 illustrates the frequency deviation in cents achieved by such a system wherein the time-variant rational fraction is:
  • m is an integer incremented at regular time intervals.
  • the value S readily is computed by rightshifting the number R in a shift register. This is the equivalent of dividing R by 2", where m designates how many positions R has been right-shifted.
  • a new frequency number R is obtained by subtracting the fraction S from the selected frequency number R.
  • Equations 2 and 3 are, combined to obtain:
  • the frequency number R associated with the selected note is right shifted by m4 positions.
  • the resultant value is subtracted from the value R, and the difference R is supplied to the tone generator.
  • the value R is further right-shifted. In effect, the value is incremented at each clock time. As a result, the values R supplied to the tone generator gradually will approach the frequency number R. The produced tone will exhibit a glide having the frequency deviation characteristics of FIG. 1. If the rational fraction S (see equation 1) is added to the frequency number rather than subtracted from it, the resultant glide will start at a frequency higher than the selected note, and glide down to that note with a like frequency deviation curve.
  • fractional increments are algebraically added to the frequency number of the note previously played, during the portamento interval.
  • the rate at which such increments are added is established by a glide clock.
  • the accumulated sum of the previous frequency number and the added increments will equal the frequency number of the newly selected note. Thereafter, tone production will continue at the true pitch of the new note.
  • each increment added to the frequency number during portamento production is equal to a constant fraction of the frequency number currently being provided to the tone generator.
  • the portamento time taken to glide from one note to the next will depend on the separation between those notes.
  • each increment added to the frequency number during portamento production is equal to a constant fraction of the difference between the frequency numbers associated with the previous and new notes. In this system, the time taken to glide from one note to the next will be the same regardless of what notes are selected.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the frequency deviation as a function of time for a glide effect produced by the apparatus of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 2 is an electrical block diagram of a computor organ configured to produce a glide effect.
  • FIG. 3 is an electrical block diagram of circuitry for producing a slalom glide in conjunction with an electronic musical instrument.
  • FIG. 4 is an electrical block diagram of a system for implementing portamento in an electronic musical instrument.
  • FIG. 5 is an electrical block diagram of an alternative system for producing portamento, wherein the frequency number is incremented in steps each equal to a fraction of the difference between the old and new frequency numbers.
  • the musical instrument 10 of FIG. 2 produces via a sound system 11 musical tones which automatically glide to the nominal frequency of the selected note.
  • a sound that is approximately a whole tone lower than the selected note initially is produced.
  • the produced tone increases in frequency to the desired value.
  • the frequency deviation during this glide interval is as illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the glide may start at a frequency above the desired nominal value and glide down to that tone. Frequency deviation characteristics other than those illustrated in FIG. 1 also can be produced.
  • the fundamental frequency of the tone produced by the instrument 10 is established by a current frequency number R supplied via a line 14 to the tone generation portion 15 of the computor organ.
  • the value R (see equation 2) is supplied as the current frequency number.
  • the value m is incremented at time intervals established by the glide clock 13. After completion of the glide, the frequency number R associated with the note is supplied as the current frequency number.
  • a frequency number memory 17 stores a set of R values associated with the fundamental frequencies of the notes selectable by the switches 12. When any note is played, closure of the corresponding keyboard switch 12 causes the corresponding frequency number R to be supplied from the memory 17 to a line 18.
  • the switch signal also is provided via an OR gate 19 to a one-shot multivibrator 20 that produces on a line 21 a start glide" pulse 22 (FIG. 1).
  • Occurrence of the start glide" pulse 22 causes the selected frequency number R to be loaded into a shift register 23 at a position which initially is shifted four bits to the right. That is, the most significant bit of the frequency number R is not loaded into the most significant, left-most storage position 23-1 of the shift register 23, but rather is entered into the fifth register position 23-5.
  • the rational fraction S on the line 24 is subtracted from the frequency number R present on the.line 18. This is accomplished by adding the twos complement of S, obtained by a complement circuit 27, to the value R in an adder 28.
  • the signal S on the line 24 is supplied to the complement circuit 27 via a switch 30 that is set to the position 30a when the glide is to begin below the nominal frequency of the selected note.
  • the output of the adder 28 is the frequency number R R-S defined by equation 2 above. 1
  • the value R will approach the frequency number R supplied from the memory 17.
  • the values will be equal when the most significant bit of the frequency number R has been shifted out of the lowest significant position 23-p of the register 23, so that the entire shift register 23 contains only binary zeros. Thereafter, the value S will be zero, so that R R; a nominal pitch tone will result.
  • the rational fraction S is added to the frequency number R. This can be accomplished by transferring the switch 30 to the position 30b so as to connect the line 24 directly to theinput of adder 28.
  • the glide need not start a'whole tone aboveor below the selected note.
  • the invention is not so limited.
  • the shift register 23 may be replaced by a divider circuit that divides R by a value-k(t) which is a function of time as established by the glide clock 13.
  • the value provided on the line 24 will be 6
  • any desired glide characteristic may be obtained.
  • the glide implementation just described may be utilized with any-electronic musical instrument wherein the fundamental frequency of the generated tone is established by a number proportional to that frequency.
  • the tone generator 15 (FIG. 2) is such a system. Its operationis disclosed in the inventors US. Pat. No. 3,809,786 entitled COMPUTOR ORGAN, and is summarized here to the extent necessary to understand how it functions with the inventive glide and portamento system.
  • musicaLnotes are produced by computing in real time the amplitudes X,,(qR) at successive sample points qR of a musical waveshape, and converting these amplitudes to notes as the computations are carried out.
  • Each sample point amplitude is computed during a regualr time interval t, according to the relationship:
  • W represents the order of the Fourier component F being evaluated,C, is coefficient establishing the relative amplitude of the n'" component and R is the frequency number discussed above, which establishes the period or fundamental frequency of the generated waveshape.
  • the individual Fourier components F are individually evaluated during successive calculation time intervals r through t established by a clock 31 and a counter 32.
  • the Fourier components are. summed in an accumulator 33.
  • the contents of the accumulator 33 represents the waveshape amplitude X,,(qR) for the current sample point qR.
  • a computation interval t timing pulse is provided on a line 34 by slightly delaying the last calculation interval pulse t in a'delay circuit 35. Occurrence of the 2, pulse transfers the contents of the accumulator 33 via a gate 36 to a digital to analog converter 37. The accu' mulator 33 then is cleared-in preparation for summing of the Fourier'compone'nts associated with the next sample point, computation of which components begins immediately. v.
  • the digital to analog converter 37 supplies to the sound system 11 a voltage corresponding to the waveshape amplitude just computed. Since thesecomputations are carried out in real time, the analog voltage supplied from the converter 16' comprises a musical waveshape having a fundamental frequency established by the current frequency number Rwumm) then being supplied via the line 14.
  • the frequency number R is supplied via a gate 38 and added to the previous contents of a noteinterval adder
  • the note interval adder 39 is'of modulo 2W, where W is the highest order Fourier component evaluated by the system 15.
  • Each of the calculation timing pulses t through 2 is supplied via an OR gate 42to a gate 43.
  • This gate 43 provides the value qR to a harmonic interval adder 44 which is cleared at the ,end of each amplitude computation interval t,,.
  • the contents of the harmonic interval adder 44 is incremented by. the value (qR) at each calculation interval t through 1, so that the contents of the adder 44 represents the quantity (nqR).
  • This value is available on a line 45.:
  • An address decoder 46 accesses from a sinusoid table 47 the value sin corresponding to the argument nqR received via the line 45.
  • the sinusoid table 47 may comprise a read only memory storing values of at intervals of D, where D is called the resolution constant of the memory.
  • D is called the resolution constant of the memory.
  • a set of harmonic coefficients C is stored in a'harmonic coefficient memory 49.
  • the harmonic coefficient C for the corresponding n" order component is accessed from the memory 49 by a memory address control circuit 50 which receives the calculation timing pulses r through t
  • the sin value from the line 48 is multiplied by the accessed coefficient C, in a harmonic amplitude multiplier 51.
  • the product, corresponding to the value of the Fourier component F presently being evaluated, is supplied via a line 52 to the accumulator 33. In this manner, consecutive sets of Fourier components are evaluated duringconsecutive computation intervals t Accumulation of these components, and conversion to an analog waveshape by the converter 37 results in the desired tone production.
  • the frequency numbers R stored in the memory 17 are related to the nominal fundamental frequencies of the musical notes produced by the computor organ 15, to the computation time interval t and to the number of amplitude sample points N for the note of highest fundamental frequency f produced by the organ. For example, if the frequency number R for such note of highest frequency is selected as unity, then with a computation time interval t given by exactly N sample point amplitudes will be computed for that note.
  • the following Table II lists the frequency, frequency number R, and number of sample points per period for each note in octave six.
  • the note C (the key of C in octave 7) is designated as the note of highest fundamental frequency produced by the computor organ 15, and hence is assigned the frequency number R of unity.
  • N 2W 32 sample points are computed for the note c,, this valueof N being satisfactory for accurate synthesis for an organ pipe or most other musical sounds.
  • Slalom Glide Slalom glide is produced using the circuitry 55 of FIG. 3.'ln the embodiment shown, the glide begins approximately a whole tone lower in frequency than the nominal pitch of the note selected by the keyboard switches 12. The tone glides upward in frequency through the true pitch to a frequency approximately a whole tone above the selected note. The tone then decreases in frequency until the true pitch again is reached. The glide ends, and tone production continues at the nominal fundamental frequency established by the frequency number R accessed from the memory 17 when the switch 12 is depressed.
  • the start glide pulse on the line 21 causes the selected frequency number R to be loaded from the line 18 into a shift register 56 analogous to the register 23 of the FIG. 1 embodiment.
  • the line 21 connected to the load control input of the shift register 56.
  • the value is supplied via the lines 24' from the shift register 56 to the complement circuit 27'.
  • the complement circuit 27 comprises a set of exclusive-OR gates 27-1 through 27-j each receiving one input from the corresponding shift register-position 56-1 through 56-j.
  • the valuej is equal to the number of bits in the frequency number R supplied from the memory 17.
  • Each gate 27-1 through 27-j is enabled by a complement signal obtained via a line 57 from the 1 output of a flip-flop 58.
  • This flip-flop 58 is set (S) to the 1 state by the start glide signal on the line 21.
  • the signal on the line 57 is high.
  • the gates 27-1 through 27-j supply at their outputs a signal which is the ones complement of the number contained in the positions 56-1 through 56-j of the register 56.
  • These outputs are supplied to the adder 28'.
  • the complement signal from the line 57 is supplied to the carry input of the adder 28'. Together the carry input and the outputs from the gates 27-1 through 27-] constitute the twos complement of the shift register 56 contents.
  • This value R is supplied from the adder 28' to the tone generator 15 via the line 14 as the current frequency number R
  • the value R is shifted one position to the right in the register 56 each time the glide clock 13 provides a timing pulse 25 (FIG. 1) on the line 26' via an enabled AND gate 78.
  • a shift control flip-flop 59 which is set to the state at the start of glide provides an enable signal from its 0 output via a line 60 to an AND-gate 61. Glide clock pulses are gated to the shift right control terminal of the register 56 via the line 62.
  • x 2j positions
  • bits of lesser significance are not lost, but are stored in the register positions 56-(j+l) through 56-x.
  • This is accomplished by providing the contents of the counter stages 63-1, 63-2 and 63-4 via respective invertors 65-1, 65-2 and 64-4 to three of the four'inputs of a four terminal AND gate 66.
  • the contents of the counter stage 63-3 is supplied directly to the remaining input of the AND gate 66.
  • the frequency of the produced tone first reaches the nominal pitch of the selected note, the glide does not terminate. Rather, the circuit 55 switches to a mode in which the rational fraction increases with time and is added to the selected frequency number R. This causes the generated tone to continue to increase in frequency above the nominal pitch.
  • This condition results in an output on a line 68 from a four terminal AND gate 69 that receives as inputs the contents of the counter stages 63-1 through63-4.
  • the signal on the line 68 is supplied via an AND gate 70, enabled by the 1 output from the flip-flop 58, to the set input of the shift control flip-flop 59.
  • this flip-flop 59 switches to the 1 state so as to enable glide timing pulses from the clock 13 to be supplied via an AND gate 71 and a line 72 to the shift left" control terminal of the register 56.
  • Each glide timing pulse 25 now causes the value R that effectively was stored in the shift register positions 56-(j+l) through 56-x to be left shifted in the register 56.
  • the value as m is decremented.
  • These values of S now are added to the frequency number R.
  • the exclusive-OR gates 27' do not function as a complementer, but rather pass the output S from the shift register 56 directly to the adder 28'.
  • the frequency of the produced tone contin-.
  • the produced frequency will be approximately a full tone above the nominal pitch of the selected note.
  • the circuit 55 then will cause the frequency to decrease until the nominal pitch again is reached. This is accomplished by right shifting the contents of the register 56 to obtain decreasing values of S, which are added to the frequency number R in the adder 28'.
  • the resultant signal on the line 64 sets the shift control flip-flop 59 to the state so as to enable right shifting of the register 56 and incrementing of the counter 63.
  • the flip-flop 58 remains in the 0 state so that no complement signal occurs on the line 57 and hence the circuit 27 does not complement the value S, but provides it unchanged to the adder 28'.
  • the signal on the line 64 also is supplied via an AND gate 73, enabled by the 1'? output of the r flip-flop 59, to set a flip-flop 74 to the 1 state in preparation for ending the slalom glide when the true pitch is reached.
  • the start glide signal on the line 21 resets the flip-flop 74 to the 0 state, so that the line 74 goes low, causing the line 77 to go high andenabling the AND gate 78 to provide glide timing pulses 25 to the register 56 and the counter 63.
  • the circuit 80 of FIG. 4 produces a portamento effect wherein the generated tone glides from the nominal frequency of the note previously played to that of a new note selected on the keyboard switches 12.
  • the portamento takes place in steps that are proportional to a fixed percentage of the frequency of the tone currently being generated.
  • the circuit 80 provides the current frequency number R to the associated tone generator from an accumulator 81 via a line 14' and an enabled AND gate 90.
  • the musician releases a areadded (or subtracted) from the frequency number currently in the accumulator 81 until the frequency number R m, associated with the new note is reached. Thereafter tone production continues at the nominal pitch of the new note.
  • the increments AR are added at timing intervals established by a portamento clock 82.
  • the corresponding frequency number R obtained from the memory 17, is compared with the value R presently in the accumulator 81. If R R a comparator 83 provides a signal on a line 84 that conditions the circuit 80 to subtract the increments AR from R Conversely, if the new note is higher in frequency than the previous note, no signal occurs on the line 84 and the increments AR are added to R To obtain the value AR, the current frequency number R from the accumulator 81 is divided by the constant k in a divider circuit 85. The quotient, corresponding to the value AR, is supplied via the lines 86 to a setof exclusive OR gates 87. Each of the gates 87 also receives as oneinput the signal on the line 84.
  • Each timing pulse from the portamento clock 82 enables a gate 88 that provides the output from the gates 87 to the accumulator 81.
  • a gate 88 that provides the output from the gates 87 to the accumulator 81.
  • the signal portamento clock pulse plus an increment AR equal to that last value of R divided by k.
  • additional increments AR are added to the accumulator 81 contents.
  • Each such increment itself is of different value, since each is computed from a different value of R
  • the signal on the line 84 is high and the gates 87 function as a complementor.
  • the signal on the line 84 also is supplied to the carry input of the accumulator 81.
  • each portamento clock pulse causes the twos complement of the value key, the frequency number'associated with that last AR'to be added to the contents of the accumulator 81.
  • This is the equivalent of subtracting the value AR from the value Rm in the accumulator 81.
  • the accumulator 81 thus provides to the tone generator 15 a new current frequency number that is lower in value than the previous one.
  • the circuit 80 of FlG.. 4 causes each note to slide from the pitch of .the note previously played to that of the newly selected note.
  • the portamento does not take place in equal steps, but rather in increments AR (equation 7) that depend on the current frequency number.
  • AR equation 7
  • the generated tone changes in frequency by a different incremental value at each step of the portamento.
  • FIG. 5 a portamento effect is produced in which at each step the frequency is incremented by an equal amount AR given by:
  • Rmew and Rmmow respectively are the frequency numbers of the new and previously selected notes.
  • the frequency number R associated with the note last played is stored in a register 96 (FIG. From this is subtracted the frequency number R supplied on a line 97 from the memory 17 when the new switch 12 is depressed. The subtraction is carried out in a subtract circuit 98 which provides the difference value andits associated sign via the lines 99 and 100 to a divide by k circuit 101. The quotient'provided by the divider 101 on a line 102 corresponds to the value AR (see. equation 8).
  • the portamento increments AR are added algebraically in an accumulator 103 that is cleared at the beginning of the portamento operation.
  • a signal is supplied via an OR gate 104, a one-shot multivibrator 105 and a'line 106 tothe clear input of the accumulator 103.
  • each timing pulse from a portamento clock.l07 enables a gate 108 that provides the increment AR fromthe line 102 to the accumulator 103, where it is algebraically added to the previous contents thereof;
  • the contents EAR of the accumulator 103 represents the total change in frequency number value since the'beginning of 'thewportam en to.
  • This value EAR is suppl'iedviaa line 110 to an adder 111 where it is summedwith the previous frequency number R obtained via a line 112 from the storage register 96.
  • the sum obtained-by the adder .111 corresponds to the current frequency number R
  • the value R is supplied to the tone generatorlS via a line 113, and enabled gate 114, an OR gate ll 5'and an AND gate 116 that is enabled any time that a keyboard switch 12 is depressed.
  • Thegate' 114 is enabledduri'ng portamento production by the "1-'output of a flip-flop 117 portamento" signal on the line 106.
  • Resetting of the flip-flop 117 also triggers a one-shot 'multivibrator' 121 which causes the value R from the line 97 to be entered into the register 96, where it is sto red for use the next time that porta- I mento is produced.
  • a comparator 123 is used to ascertain when the current frequency number in the adder 111 has reached the new frequency number supplied on the line 97. If the pitch of the new note is higher than that of the previous note, the sign signal on the line 100 will be high, thereby enabling a NAND gate 124. During portamento production, the value Rmmm) will start at a value below that of R so that the output of the comparator 123 on'the line 125 will be low. However, as soon as R is incremented to a value that just exceeds R the comparator 123 provides a high signal on the line 125. Since both inputs to the NAND gate 124 are high, its output goes low, causing the output of another NAND gate 126 to go high. This signal, on the line 127, resets the flip-flop 117, thereby terminating the portamento interval.
  • the NAND gate 124 is disabled. However, the low signal on the line 100 is invertedby an inverter 128 and used to enable a NAND gate 129.
  • the value Rmuwm is decreasing. As soon as this value becomes slightly less than R the comparator 123 provides a high output on a line l30 to-the NAND gate 129. As a result, the output of the gate 129 goes low, causing the NAND gate 126 to providea high output that resets the flipflop 1-17. In this manner, portamento production is terminated.
  • the portamento terminates when the, current frequency number in the accumulator 81 is approximately equal to R .
  • the last increment, added or subtracted into the accu- The portamento terminates when the current frequency number reaches the value of the new frequency number R At that time, the flip-flop 117 is reset to the 0" state. 'As a result, the 1 output goes low,
  • the line 97 is'supplied to the tone generator 15 via a gate 119 that is enabled by the 0 output of the'flip-'- Component on..the line 84 to change state. Thereafter, the circuit will alternately ⁇ add and subtract increments each approximately equal to R /k to the current frequency number in the accumulator 81.
  • R suppliedto the tone generator 15 will not .exactly equal R but will be alternately very slightly higher and lower than this value. Such slight variation is not detectable by a person listening to the resultant generated tone, which is heard at the nominal pitch of the selected note.
  • Tl TMS4405 sinusoid table and addressing circuitry Sinusoid table 47 and memory address decoder 46
  • Tl TMS4400 ROM containing Conventional Integrated Component Circuit* (or other reference) 512 words of 8-bits [p. l4- 188] programmed to store sin values May be implemented as shown in application sheet SIG catalog, p. 28 using SlG 8202 buffer registers and 8260 arithmetic element Also can be implemented using SlG 8243 sealer [p. 65]
  • increment means for establishing another number that increases or decreases'in value incrementally during the production of glide or portamento, said other number being a fractional frequency number," and means for modifying said current frequency number in increments corresponding to said fractional frequency numbers, said modifying terminating when the modified current, frequency number differs from the frequency number of the presently selected note by less than a certain amount.
  • a divider for dividing said frequency number R by a value k(t) that increases or decreases with time, the dividend R/k(t) being the fractional frequency number, and wherein said means for modifying comprises,
  • Apparatus according to claim 2 for producing slalom glide wherein said increment means further comprises circuitry for causing said value k(t) alternately to decrease and increase in value during success ive portions of the glide production interval, and wherein said value k(t) is programmatically added' to said frequency number R during different portions of the glide production to produce a tone that first glides past the nominal pitch of the selected note, then returns to said nominal pitch.
  • a divider for dividing the current frequent number by a constant k to obtain said fractional frequency number
  • said modifying means comprises, i
  • an accumulator for accumulating the sum of the fundamental frequency determining number associated with the previously selected note and the fractional frequency numbers produced during the portamento, the contents of said accumulator comprising the current frequency number.
  • Apparatus according to claim 5 further compriscomparator means for comparing the value of the current frequency number in said accumulator with the frequency number of the selected note, and for terminating portamento production when the difference detected by said comparator is less than said certain amount.
  • a divider for dividing said difference value by a constant
  • -' accumulator means supplying the quotient obtained in said divider, to an accumulator at successive time intervals during protamento production, the accumulative sum in said accumulator comprising said time varying fractional frequency number
  • said modifying means comprises, means for adding said fractional frequency number from said accumulator to the previous frequency number to obtain the current frequency number.
  • a divider for dividing said frequency number R by a value k(t) that increases or decreases with time, the dividend R/k(t). being the fractional frequency number
  • said means for modifying comprises, means for subtracting the dividend R/k(t) from said frequency number R to obtain the current frequency number.
  • said increment means further comprises circuitry for causing said value k(t) alternately to decrease and increase in value during successive portions of the glide production interval, and wherein said value k(t) is programmatically subtracted from said frequency number R during different portions of the glide production to produce a tone that first glides past the nominal pitch of the selected note, then returns to said nominal pitch.

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US464936A 1974-04-29 1974-04-29 Production of glide and portamento in an electronic musical instrument Expired - Lifetime US3929053A (en)

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US464936A US3929053A (en) 1974-04-29 1974-04-29 Production of glide and portamento in an electronic musical instrument
GB16392/75A GB1500585A (en) 1974-04-29 1975-04-21 Production of glide and portamento in an electronic musical instrument
DE2518633A DE2518633B2 (de) 1974-04-29 1975-04-26 Elektronisches Tastenmusikinstrument
JP5124675A JPS54767B2 (de) 1974-04-29 1975-04-26

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JP (1) JPS54767B2 (de)
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US4026180A (en) * 1974-05-31 1977-05-31 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US4073209A (en) * 1976-04-09 1978-02-14 Kimball International, Inc. Method and circuitry for digital-analog frequency generation
US4077294A (en) * 1975-10-07 1978-03-07 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument having transient musical effects
US4080862A (en) * 1975-08-29 1978-03-28 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument having octave slide effect
US4082028A (en) * 1976-04-16 1978-04-04 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Sliding overtone generation in a computor organ
US4103581A (en) * 1976-08-30 1978-08-01 Kawaii Musical Instrument Mfg. Co. Constant speed portamento
DE2808283A1 (de) * 1977-02-26 1978-09-07 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Digitales elektronisches musikinstrument
US4122743A (en) * 1974-05-31 1978-10-31 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument with glide
US4166405A (en) * 1975-09-29 1979-09-04 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US4186637A (en) * 1977-09-22 1980-02-05 Norlin Industries, Inc. Tone generating system for electronic musical instrument
US4198892A (en) * 1978-11-16 1980-04-22 Norlin Industries, Inc. Tone generator for electronic musical instrument with digital glissando, portamento and vibrato
DE2855344A1 (de) * 1978-12-21 1980-07-03 Siemens Ag Musikinstrument mit elektronischer klangerzeugung
US4211138A (en) * 1978-06-22 1980-07-08 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co., Ltd. Harmonic formant filter for an electronic musical instrument
US4215614A (en) * 1977-12-13 1980-08-05 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instruments of harmonic wave synthesizing type
US4240318A (en) * 1979-07-02 1980-12-23 Norlin Industries, Inc. Portamento and glide tone generator having multimode clock circuit
US4332183A (en) * 1980-09-08 1982-06-01 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co., Ltd. Automatic legato keying for a keyboard electronic musical instrument
US4337681A (en) * 1980-08-14 1982-07-06 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co., Ltd. Polyphonic sliding portamento with independent ADSR modulation
US4345500A (en) * 1980-04-28 1982-08-24 New England Digital Corp. High resolution musical note oscillator and instrument that includes the note oscillator
US4347772A (en) * 1979-11-21 1982-09-07 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instruments capable of varying tone pitch during one key depression
US4539885A (en) * 1981-04-30 1985-09-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Kawai Gakki Seisakusho Electronic musical instrument
USRE32838E (en) * 1976-06-25 1989-01-24 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instruments
US4920851A (en) * 1987-05-22 1990-05-01 Yamaha Corporation Automatic musical tone generating apparatus for generating musical tones with slur effect
US5216189A (en) * 1988-11-30 1993-06-01 Yamaha Corporation Electronic musical instrument having slur effect
US5731767A (en) * 1994-02-04 1998-03-24 Sony Corporation Information encoding method and apparatus, information decoding method and apparatus, information recording medium, and information transmission method
US5901234A (en) * 1995-02-14 1999-05-04 Sony Corporation Gain control method and gain control apparatus for digital audio signals

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JPS531014A (en) * 1976-06-25 1978-01-07 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kk Electronic musical instrument
JPS5829520B2 (ja) * 1977-04-23 1983-06-23 株式会社河合楽器製作所 電子楽器
US4152966A (en) * 1977-10-06 1979-05-08 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co. Ltd. Automatic chromatic glissando
JPS54107723A (en) * 1978-02-10 1979-08-23 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kk Electronic musical instrument
GB2113447B (en) 1981-12-22 1986-07-09 Casio Computer Co Ltd Tone signal generating apparatus of electronic musical instruments
DE3249738C2 (de) * 1981-12-22 1991-05-23 Casio Computer Co., Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo, Jp
JPS58120455U (ja) * 1982-02-09 1983-08-16 三洋電機株式会社 貯湯槽
JPS5926579U (ja) * 1982-08-11 1984-02-18 三洋電機株式会社 冷蔵庫
JPS59137997A (ja) * 1983-01-28 1984-08-08 カシオ計算機株式会社 波形メモリ読出し方式
JPS60177397A (ja) * 1984-02-24 1985-09-11 カシオ計算機株式会社 電子楽器
JPS6426897A (en) * 1988-05-02 1989-01-30 Yamaha Corp Musical sound controller for electronic musical instrument

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US3696201A (en) * 1970-11-12 1972-10-03 Wurlitzer Co Digital organ system
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US3823390A (en) * 1972-01-17 1974-07-09 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Musical tone wave shape generating apparatus
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US3831015A (en) * 1972-06-08 1974-08-20 Intel Corp System for generating a multiplicity of frequencies from a single reference frequency
US3816637A (en) * 1972-07-07 1974-06-11 Allen Organ Co Electronic musical instrument with digital reverberation system
US3809788A (en) * 1972-10-17 1974-05-07 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Computor organ using parallel processing
US3809789A (en) * 1972-12-13 1974-05-07 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Computor organ using harmonic limiting
US3809792A (en) * 1973-01-05 1974-05-07 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Production of celeste in a computor organ
US3809790A (en) * 1973-01-31 1974-05-07 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Implementation of combined footage stops in a computor organ

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4026180A (en) * 1974-05-31 1977-05-31 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US4122743A (en) * 1974-05-31 1978-10-31 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument with glide
US4080862A (en) * 1975-08-29 1978-03-28 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument having octave slide effect
US4166405A (en) * 1975-09-29 1979-09-04 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US4077294A (en) * 1975-10-07 1978-03-07 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument having transient musical effects
US4073209A (en) * 1976-04-09 1978-02-14 Kimball International, Inc. Method and circuitry for digital-analog frequency generation
US4082028A (en) * 1976-04-16 1978-04-04 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Sliding overtone generation in a computor organ
USRE32838E (en) * 1976-06-25 1989-01-24 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instruments
US4103581A (en) * 1976-08-30 1978-08-01 Kawaii Musical Instrument Mfg. Co. Constant speed portamento
DE2808283A1 (de) * 1977-02-26 1978-09-07 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Digitales elektronisches musikinstrument
US4351220A (en) * 1977-02-26 1982-09-28 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument of digital processing type
US4186637A (en) * 1977-09-22 1980-02-05 Norlin Industries, Inc. Tone generating system for electronic musical instrument
US4215614A (en) * 1977-12-13 1980-08-05 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instruments of harmonic wave synthesizing type
US4211138A (en) * 1978-06-22 1980-07-08 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co., Ltd. Harmonic formant filter for an electronic musical instrument
US4198892A (en) * 1978-11-16 1980-04-22 Norlin Industries, Inc. Tone generator for electronic musical instrument with digital glissando, portamento and vibrato
DE2855344A1 (de) * 1978-12-21 1980-07-03 Siemens Ag Musikinstrument mit elektronischer klangerzeugung
US4240318A (en) * 1979-07-02 1980-12-23 Norlin Industries, Inc. Portamento and glide tone generator having multimode clock circuit
US4347772A (en) * 1979-11-21 1982-09-07 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instruments capable of varying tone pitch during one key depression
US4345500A (en) * 1980-04-28 1982-08-24 New England Digital Corp. High resolution musical note oscillator and instrument that includes the note oscillator
US4337681A (en) * 1980-08-14 1982-07-06 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co., Ltd. Polyphonic sliding portamento with independent ADSR modulation
US4332183A (en) * 1980-09-08 1982-06-01 Kawai Musical Instrument Mfg. Co., Ltd. Automatic legato keying for a keyboard electronic musical instrument
US4539885A (en) * 1981-04-30 1985-09-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Kawai Gakki Seisakusho Electronic musical instrument
US4920851A (en) * 1987-05-22 1990-05-01 Yamaha Corporation Automatic musical tone generating apparatus for generating musical tones with slur effect
US5216189A (en) * 1988-11-30 1993-06-01 Yamaha Corporation Electronic musical instrument having slur effect
US5731767A (en) * 1994-02-04 1998-03-24 Sony Corporation Information encoding method and apparatus, information decoding method and apparatus, information recording medium, and information transmission method
US5901234A (en) * 1995-02-14 1999-05-04 Sony Corporation Gain control method and gain control apparatus for digital audio signals

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2518633B2 (de) 1980-02-28
JPS54767B2 (de) 1979-01-16
DE2518633A1 (de) 1975-10-30
JPS50146321A (de) 1975-11-25
DE2518633C3 (de) 1988-03-24
GB1500585A (en) 1978-02-08

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