US3925999A - Dry docks - Google Patents

Dry docks Download PDF

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Publication number
US3925999A
US3925999A US396298A US39629873A US3925999A US 3925999 A US3925999 A US 3925999A US 396298 A US396298 A US 396298A US 39629873 A US39629873 A US 39629873A US 3925999 A US3925999 A US 3925999A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
gate
dock
claw
sill
dry
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US396298A
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English (en)
Inventor
Paul Hugh Finden Andrew
Kenneth Ewing Moxham
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Maunsell and Partners Pty Ltd
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Maunsell and Partners Pty Ltd
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Publication of US3925999A publication Critical patent/US3925999A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C1/00—Dry-docking of vessels or flying-boats
    • B63C1/08—Graving docks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
    • E02B7/20—Movable barrages; Lock or dry-dock gates

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT This specification discloses a dock gate of the flap type comprising at least one cantilever member and skins on either side of the gate, a buoyancy tank intermediate the top and bottom of the gate, proof means adjacent the bottom of the gate, and a claw formed in or adjacent to the dock sill, the claw having two surfaces against which the gate abuts, one surface being at each side of the gate, and the surfaces being spaced so that one side is higher than the other.
  • This invention relates to improvements in docks and particularly to improvements in gates for docks and specifically dry docks of relatively great width.
  • dock gates are opened in one of two ways. In the first way, a flap gate is pivoted along its lower edge and opens outwardly and downwardly in front of the dock, and the ship being docked passes over the gate.
  • the beam partially or wholly as a buoyancy tank, but as the beam is normally located, when the gate is closed, above normal water level it is necessary to provide winching equipment to lift the beam from a condi tion at which the beam ceases to constitute a buoyancy tank floating on the surface of the water to a position at which the gate is fully closed. As gates become wider and heavier so this winching equipment has become more expensive.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a gate for a dock, and specifically a dry clock, which minimizes the disadvantages of previously known gates, particularly wide gates.
  • the invention in its broadest aspect, includes a dock gate of the flap type adapted for location in a dock to seal off part of or the whole of the dock, characterized in that when the gate is closed it cantilevers from its lower edge.
  • the gate comprises a plurality of cantilever members which are interconnected by a skin plate, at least on one side of the gate.
  • the gate may comprise a single cantilever extending across the width of the dock, the gate having outer and inner skins, the outer skin being in tension and the inner skin being in compression when the dock is dewatered.
  • the gate may make use of buoyancy tanks so located that the gate can be completely operated by filling or emptying buoyancy tanks without the necessity of providing any separate winching or lifting equipment.
  • the gate can be arranged to be opened and closed by a combination of mechanical means and buoyancy, or by mechanical means alone.
  • the invention also includes a dock having such a gate.
  • FIG. ll provides a cross section of the gate through the entrance of the dock
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the gate
  • FIG. 3 is an elevation of the gate looking from inside the dock
  • FIG. 4 is a section along line 44 of FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show modified forms of the gate, the views being similar to the view of FIG. 1.
  • This gate 1 may be considered to be some 210 feet wide and approximately 36 feet high above the sill of the dock.
  • the gate is built around a number of main cantilevers 2, which are located at approximately 8 feet centres across the width of the gate. Between the main cantilevers there may be intermediate stiffeners which may in the form be T sections or other conventional members. As illustrated in FIG. 4, there are stiffeners 4 on the outer surface of the gate and stiffeners 3 on the inside of the gate in the buoyancy tanks only with both sets of stiffeners being spaced at approximately 2 centres.
  • the gate skin 5 on the outer surface is achieved with any required material and is done in a manner known in the art, and normally by welding sheet material to the cantilevers 2 and the stiffeners 4.
  • the cantilevers are provided with two bearing surfaces, 6 and 7, surface 6 being on the outside of the gate adjacent to the lower edge of the cantilevers and surface 7 being on the inside of the gate and spaced approximately 7 feet above the lower edge of the cantilevers.
  • the inner bearing surface 7 is continuous and has a bearing strip 8 thereon, so that when the gate is in its closed position, as will be described hereinafter, the pressure acting upon the skin plate is transferred through the bearing strip 8 onto surface 9 of a claw 10.
  • each main cantilever In order to save weight it may be desirable to taper the lower portion of each main cantilever from the inner bearing surface 7 to adjacent to the outer bearing surface 6, but this is not essential.
  • the gate In order to generally locate the gate it can be supported by horizontal pivots 11, which are located, in this embodiment, forwardly of the outer surface of the gate, which is a satisfactory pivotal axis for an inclined gate.
  • the pivot blocks 12 have slightly oversized holes, which permit the gate to have sufficient movement in the horizontal direction to ensure the claw makes good contact with the bearing strip 8 throughout the life of the strip, the pivots 1 1 being simply for general location and restraint.
  • buoyancy tanks 13 Fitted within the depth of the gate and part way up the height of the gate but below low water level, there may be one or a plurality of buoyancy tanks 13. Preferably there is a single tank which lies between the main cantilevers 2 which act as baffles for the tank.
  • a second buoyancy tank 14 is also provided along the lower edge of the gate. This tank is normally flooded at all times when the gate is in operation and provides additional buoyancy to facilitate stepping and unsteppin g of the gate, as will be described hereinafter.
  • a roadway or walkway I5 is provided which may take any required form, and may be used as a permanent air tank for gate operating 3 procedure.
  • the closing surface surround at the dock entrance must be fonned so as to be complimentary with the gate.
  • the most important part of this is the formation of the claw 10 which is formed in the concrete sill 20 at the base of the gate.
  • the claw is formed to have the surface 9 against which bearing strip 8 of the gate can abut and a second surface 21 against which surface 6 of the gate can abut.
  • the pivot blocks 12 are located just forwardly of the claw and are fixed to the concrete of the claw.
  • a trash flap 22 is provided to protect the seal between the claw and the gate inner surface. Because of the outward lean of the gate, when closed, it is not necessary that a trash flap be provided on the outer bearing as the surface is protected by this lean, and when the gate is open, again, the outer bearing surfaces are protected.
  • the surface 6 may be able to be provided with a seal and an auxiliary quoin seal 23 can be provided on the outer surface of the gate so that when the gate is closed the claw can be dewatered and access can be obtained through an access shaft 24.
  • the seals on the surface 6 and the auxiliary quoin 23 are normally only provided when the claw is to be dewatered and are placed in position specifically for that operation.
  • the gate When the gate is open it is located on the harbour floor outwardly of the dock entrance, and in order to control the opening of the gate it is advantageous to provide a gate well 25 extending outwardly from the dock entrance which well acts as a dash pot when the gate is opening; the movement of water around the gate and over wall 26 of the well slows the opening of the gate to reduce impact.
  • a shock absorber 27 against which the gate abuts when it is fully opened.
  • the open position of the gate is shown by dashed lines in FIG. 1.
  • the buoyancy tanks 13 and 14 are aerated and the gate is floated to a position where it is beyond the dock with the end of the gate which is to be the lower end, pointing inwardly. At this .position the buoyancy tanks are partially filled with water. The amount of water in the buoyancy tanks is adjusted until the pivots 11 can be located in the required position on the pivot blocks 12 and when located keepers or the like are attached over the top of the pivot blocks. When the gate has been positioned the auxilliary buoyancy tank 14 can be completely filled with water.
  • the ship is then moved into the dock and at this time the buoyancy tank 13 is aerated which gives the tank buoyancy and the gate will ascend to its closed position where the latches are applied.
  • the dock is then dewatered and, as the water level drops, the pressure of the Water on the outside of the gate causes a seal to be formed at the bearing points and the cantilevers each have a turning moment about the restraining points 6 and 7 in the claw.
  • the pressure acting on the skin plate increases and retains the gate in position.
  • air is displaced in buoyancy tank 13 and the gate will open.
  • the gate is tilted outwardly when closed as, in this way, a gate can be provided having a readily accessible pivot and a claw which is easily accessible when the gate is open. At the same time access can be gained when the gate is closed by means of access shaft 24.
  • FIG. 5 an alternative form of gate is shown which, when closed, is vertical.
  • the pivot 30 is within the claw space and the operating buoyancy tank 31 is in the outer part of the gate to provide a turning moment about the pivot when the gate is operating.
  • This form of gate is satisfactory in operation but it is difficult to gain access for maintenance of the pivot.
  • the gate of the embodiment of FIG. 6 is similar to that of FIG. 5 but in this case the buoyancy tank 32 is external to the gate providing a greater closing moment.
  • This form of gate is, however, heavier than the previous forms and is slightly more difficult to step and unstep.
  • the skin plate is preferably on the outer surface and is in tension when the gate is closed and the dock dewatered.
  • Such an arrangement provides a high degree of safety. Should the gate be struck, for example, by a vessel there would tend to be only local damage, whereas with a conventional gate there can be compression instability across the full width of the gate. It is, however, possible to provide the gates of the invention with an inner skin plate either with or without the outer plate, and in some applications this may be desirable.
  • the gate could be made as a single cantilever in which case it would normally be double skinned so that when the dock is empty the outer skin is in tension and the inner skin is in compression.
  • gates which are opened and closed by use of buoyancy tanks are equally applicable to gates which are opened and closed by mechanical means and also to gates which use a combination of mechanical means and buoyancy.
  • a dock gate of the flap type located in a dock having a dock sill for sealing off at least part of the dock comprising in combination:
  • cantilever members rotatably mounted with respect to said dock sill
  • a flap type gate comprising a plurality of cantilever members interconnected by a skin on at least one side of the gate, a claw formed in or adjacent to said dock sill which receives the lower end of the cantilever members when in their raised position, load bearing surfaces on opposite sides of the claw against which the cantilever members abut when in their raised position, one surface being higher than the other, thereby providing a restraint to the cantilever of the gate.
  • a dry dock according to claim 2 further comprising pivot members on the gate, and pivot blocks formed on the dock sill adjacent to the claw, said pivot members being rotatable in said pivot blocks, the pivot blocks being formed to permit limited non-rotational movement of the pivots relative thereto.
  • buoyancy tank is located externally of and secured to the outside of the gate.
  • a dry dock according to claim 2 further comprising having sealing means located at or adjacent to the load bearing surface which engages the inside of the gate.
  • a dock gate of the flap type located in a dock to seal off at least part of the dock comprising:
  • a gate member rotatably mounted with respect to a dock sill, said dock sill having a claw formed therein or adjacent thereto with said claw having two load bearing surfaces, said gate member when closed being partially located within said claw and abutting said two surfaces thereof, one surface being on each side of said gate, one surface being spaced higher than the other to thereby provide a restraining means against cantilever forces exerted on said gate member.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Barrages (AREA)
  • Elevator Door Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Special Wing (AREA)
US396298A 1972-09-11 1973-10-10 Dry docks Expired - Lifetime US3925999A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB4201672A GB1415525A (en) 1972-09-11 1972-09-11 Flap-type dock gate and a dock having such a gate

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3925999A true US3925999A (en) 1975-12-16

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US396298A Expired - Lifetime US3925999A (en) 1972-09-11 1973-10-10 Dry docks

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US (1) US3925999A (pt)
JP (1) JPS5223160B2 (pt)
AU (1) AU463276B2 (pt)
CA (1) CA983282A (pt)
GB (1) GB1415525A (pt)
HK (1) HK40076A (pt)
MY (1) MY7600202A (pt)
NL (1) NL157853B (pt)
NO (1) NO134101C (pt)
SE (1) SE399854B (pt)
ZA (1) ZA737234B (pt)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4795298A (en) * 1986-11-24 1989-01-03 Nelson Arthur J Marine transportation of bulk cargo
CN100567080C (zh) * 2008-03-06 2009-12-09 中船第九设计研究院工程有限公司 一种底舱开放的箱形浮式坞门
CN102101525A (zh) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-22 舟山市大神洲船舶修造有限公司 一种船坞坞门的合拢方法
US20120148346A1 (en) * 2012-03-01 2012-06-14 Shahriar Eftekharzadeh Self-deploying floodwall
US20170292238A1 (en) * 2014-11-28 2017-10-12 Hitachi Zosen Corporation Floating flap gate
US20210102352A1 (en) * 2017-03-30 2021-04-08 Steen Olsen Invest Aps Flood Protection
US11384498B2 (en) * 2015-09-25 2022-07-12 Hiroshi Tereta Sluice gate
CN114954842A (zh) * 2022-06-24 2022-08-30 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 一种船坞

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS551459U (pt) * 1978-06-20 1980-01-08
JP4987751B2 (ja) * 2008-02-18 2012-07-25 株式会社Ｉｈｉインフラシステム フラップゲート
GB2486245B (en) * 2010-12-09 2016-08-03 Thomas Evans Geoffery A flood barrier

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3543521A (en) * 1967-08-03 1970-12-01 Aubert J Closure device applicable to water-slope systems
US3756032A (en) * 1971-03-10 1973-09-04 Riva Calzoni Spa Sluicegate structure

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3543521A (en) * 1967-08-03 1970-12-01 Aubert J Closure device applicable to water-slope systems
US3756032A (en) * 1971-03-10 1973-09-04 Riva Calzoni Spa Sluicegate structure

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4795298A (en) * 1986-11-24 1989-01-03 Nelson Arthur J Marine transportation of bulk cargo
CN100567080C (zh) * 2008-03-06 2009-12-09 中船第九设计研究院工程有限公司 一种底舱开放的箱形浮式坞门
CN102101525A (zh) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-22 舟山市大神洲船舶修造有限公司 一种船坞坞门的合拢方法
CN102101525B (zh) * 2009-12-17 2013-10-23 舟山大神洲造船有限公司 一种船坞坞门的合拢方法
US20120148346A1 (en) * 2012-03-01 2012-06-14 Shahriar Eftekharzadeh Self-deploying floodwall
US20170292238A1 (en) * 2014-11-28 2017-10-12 Hitachi Zosen Corporation Floating flap gate
US10458086B2 (en) * 2014-11-28 2019-10-29 Hitachi Zosen Corporation Floating flap gate
US11384498B2 (en) * 2015-09-25 2022-07-12 Hiroshi Tereta Sluice gate
US20210102352A1 (en) * 2017-03-30 2021-04-08 Steen Olsen Invest Aps Flood Protection
US11629469B2 (en) * 2017-03-30 2023-04-18 Steen Olsen Invest Aps Flood protection
CN114954842A (zh) * 2022-06-24 2022-08-30 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 一种船坞
CN114954842B (zh) * 2022-06-24 2024-06-04 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 一种船坞

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE399854B (sv) 1978-03-06
MY7600202A (en) 1976-12-31
AU463276B2 (en) 1975-07-24
HK40076A (en) 1976-07-02
DE2345791A1 (de) 1974-03-21
NO134101C (pt) 1976-08-18
NL157853B (nl) 1978-09-15
JPS5223160B2 (pt) 1977-06-22
ZA737234B (en) 1974-12-24
AU6019473A (en) 1974-06-06
JPS5047398A (pt) 1975-04-26
NO134101B (pt) 1976-05-10
CA983282A (en) 1976-02-10
NL7312531A (pt) 1974-03-13
GB1415525A (en) 1975-11-26
DE2345791B2 (de) 1976-09-09

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