US3916812A - Offshore marine station - Google Patents

Offshore marine station Download PDF

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Publication number
US3916812A
US3916812A US425441A US42544173A US3916812A US 3916812 A US3916812 A US 3916812A US 425441 A US425441 A US 425441A US 42544173 A US42544173 A US 42544173A US 3916812 A US3916812 A US 3916812A
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United States
Prior art keywords
mooring unit
ocean
displacement
buoyant
coupling means
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Expired - Lifetime
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US425441A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bernd Bartels
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AG 'WESER'DT197212202262240
WESER DT197212202262240 AG
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WESER DT197212202262240 AG
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B63B22/02—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel
    • B63B22/021—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel and for transferring fluids, e.g. liquids

Definitions

  • FIG 4 OFFSHORE MARINE STATION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • the present invention relates generally to a marine structure, and more particularly to a floating marine structure. Still more specifically, the invention relates to an offshore marine station which floats and at which marine vessels can be loaded and/or unloaded.
  • Offshore marine stations in themselves are already known. They are floating clocks or similar units which are anchored offshore in deep water in order to make it possible for large marine vessels to take on or deliver goods in areas where conventional harbors either do not exist or are inadequate. Such goods may be oil or other flowable materials or the like which can be piped to and from the mooring unit by means of conduits, that is pipe-lines which terminate on shore.
  • Another type of offshore marine station uses a floating mooring unit to which one or more marine vessels may be anchored.
  • the mooring unit is so connected with an ocean-bottom anchor that it can perform pivotal movements about the anchor through 360 or more, and can also perform rolling and other movements with reference to the anchor.
  • the anchor is in form of one or more strong ocean-bottom anchors, in form of flooded buoys which are deposited on the ocean bottom, or in form of other elements which are fixed on or in the ocean bottom.
  • This type of offshore marine station has several advantages, including the fact that the connecting arrangements for connecting the mooring unit with shoreterminating conduit or pipelines can be fixedly mounted on the mooring unit itself which in effect serves as a platform to which personnel may have access and to which the marine vessel or vessels may be anchored. This greatly facilitates the anchoring -that is the making-fast of the marine vessel to the marine unitand the connection between the vessel and the conduit lines on the mooring unit.
  • This latter type of offshore marine station is connected with the ocean-bottom anchor either by means of wire cables or the like, by means of chains or by means of a rigid connecting arrangement which is pivoted to the mooring unit at one end and with its other end is pivoted to the ocean bottom anchor and assumes a position at which it is inclined at approximately 45 to the horizontal.
  • This latter type of connecting arrangement can transmit both tensile and pressure forces and prevents undesired swinging movements of the mooring unitwhich are the result of wind and wave action.
  • this arrangement does have the disadvantage that forces which act longitudinally of the coupling arrangement upon the ocean-bottom anchor, particularly tensile forces, are transmitted more or less directly to the anchor and can either shift or loosen the same from the ocean bottom. This of course permits the mooring unit to shift beyond its permissible location and can cause breaks in the conduit lines which extend from the mooring unit to the shore and which are usually rigidly and fixedly mounted.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such an offshore marine station which assures that forces which act in longitudinal direction of the mooring unit, for instance inertial forces of a ship which is being anchored to the mooring unit, can be transmitted only in dampened condition to the ocean-bottom anchor.
  • an offshore marine station which, briefly stated, comprises a floating mooring unit for marine vessels, and connecting means for connecting the mooring unit with shore-terminating conduit lines.
  • An ocean-bottom anchor is provided, and coupling means couples the mooring unit with this anchor with freedom of movement relative to the latter in a plurality of directions.
  • Buoyant damping means is pivotally interposed between the coupling means and the mooring unit for damping the transmission of stresses from the latter to the anchor.
  • the damping means is a so-called semi-submersible element, in form of an elongated vertically oriented body of displacement which is submerged to approximately half of its length in the water, and which under all circumstances extends out of the water with a substantial portion of its length.
  • the mooring unit and the coupling means are both pivoted to the body of displacement, at vertically spaced locations for movement about parallel pivot axes.
  • any tensile forces which are transmitted to the body of displacement will cause the body to heel over, that is to tilt about the two parallel pivot axes. This acts counter to the buoyancy forces of the body of displacement, and thus the tensile forces are either fully or at least to a substantial extent compensated.
  • the body of displacement is connected with the mooring unit itself by means of joint plates or the like, or if the body of displacement is movably connected with the mooring unit by means of a vertical guide arrangement.
  • two or more bodies of displacement can be arranged laterally adjacent one another and connected with the ocean-bottom anchor via a single or several coupling means.
  • reference numeral 1 identifies a floating mooring unit of an offshore marine station at which vessels such as the ones identified with reference numeral 2 in FIG'.'2, can unload or load.
  • vessels such as the ones identified with reference numeral 2 in FIG'.'2
  • FIG. 1 a waterline is shown in FIG. 1 and indicated by the two arrowheads.
  • the mooring unit is provided with a plurality of bodies of displacement 3 which maintain it floating and are in form of elongated vertically oriented pontoons'or the like which extend only approximately halfway into the water,that is below the'level of the indicated waterline, to assurezthat'the mooring unit 1 will provide a relatively stable and calm anchoring base for connection of the marine vessels 2.
  • One end of the mooring unit 1 is provided with a platform4-on whicli 'there are provided connecting elements 5 which can be connected with non-illustrated conduitlines that extend to shore, that is that terminate on shore.
  • conduit lines are usually rigidly mounted.
  • it is the usual practice that such conduit lines have a portion C which extends from the platform '4(where it is connected with the connecting elements 5) longitudinally of the mooring unit 1, to be connected via a flexible portion (e.g'. the portion C in FIG. 1) with the oceanbottom anchor 6, where they are in turn connected with rigid conduits (one of which is fragmentarily shown at C" in FIG. 1) which extend to shore;
  • the ocean-bottom anchor may be in form of a tank or the like that is flooded and thus rests on the oceanbottom floor, under the influence of its own weight and under the pressure of the water above it.
  • a tank or the like that is flooded and thus rests on the oceanbottom floor, under the influence of its own weight and under the pressure of the water above it.
  • Each of the two bifurcated portions of the element 7 is pivoted to one of the bodies 8 which act due to their buoyancy.
  • the bodies 8 are enlarged at their lower ends to increase the buoyancy forces, but it must be assur ed-under all circumstances that the enlarged portion (visible clearly in FIG. 1) will always be immersed below the level ofthe water.
  • Eachof the bodies 8' is in turn pivoted to connecting elements9, such as joint plates or the like, and the latterare in .turn connected to the mooring unit 1, for instance again pivotally.
  • the pivotal connections between the element 7 and the bodies 8 on the one hand, and between the bodies 8 and the plates 9 on the other hand, provides for tilting of the bodies 8 about two vertically spaced but parallel pivot axes.
  • a component 10 is interposed in the element 7, permitting a threaded adjustment between the bifurcated portion and the single portion of the element 7, so that adjustments can be made if for instance the bifurcated portions need to be turned with reference to the single portion.
  • any forces acting longitudinally of the mooring unit 1 will cause the bodies 8 to tilt in the water. If, for instance in FIG. '1 a force acts towards the left upon the mooring unit 1, then the bodies 8 will tilt in counterclockwise direction and the force will be dampened before it is transmitted to the ocean-bottom anchor 6.
  • FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 show a modification according to which the mooring unit 1 is provided with a vertical cutout into which one end of a box-shaped body of displacement 8 extends, and where this one end is pivotally connected with the mooring unit 1 for pivotal displacement about a horizontal pivot axis 11.
  • the water level is again indicated in FIGS. 3-5 by the arrowhead.
  • Horizontal forces acting upon the mooring unit 1 cause heeling of the bodyyB which movement is counteracted by the buoyancy of the body 8 so that the-horizontal forces are fully or at least to a substantial extent compensated.
  • FIG. 6 shows how the element 7 can be connected with the ocean-bottom anchor 6 so that it can turn through 360 or more with reference to the oceanbottom anchor 6, about an upright axis. This connection should permit freedom of movement in all directions.
  • FIG. 6 shows alsothat the anchor 6 can be in form of an underwater tank, the upper end portion of which is shown in FIG. 6 and which may be filled with liquids to be stored, for instance with oil which is either transferred from a ship into the tank 6 and not yet ready to be pumped on shore, or which has been pumped from shore into the tank 6 and is waiting to be transferred into a ship.
  • An offshore marine station comprising a floating mooring unit for marine vessels; an ocean-bottom anchor for said mooring unit; rigid elongated coupling means having one end jointed to said ocean-bottom anchor with freedom of movement in a plurality of directions, and a free end spaced from said one end, and extending from said ocean-bottom anchor upwardly toward said mooring unit at an acute angle to the horizontal; and buoyant damping means including a body of displacement floating partially immersed in water, first pivot means connecting said body with said coupling means for pivotal displacement about one horizontal axis, and second pivot means connecting said body with said mooring unit for pivotal displacement about another horizontal axis which is located at a vertically spaced level from but parallels said one axis, so that a horizontal displacement of said mooring unit with respect to said coupling means results in pivoting of said buoyant damping means about said axes against a force tending to establish the equilibrium of said buoyant damping means, whereby forces transmitted between said mooring unit and said coupling means are
  • damping means comprises a plurality of additional buoyant bodies of displacement which are arranged laterally adjacent one another and said body, said coupling means being pivotally coupled with all of said bodies.
  • An offshore marine station comprising a floating mooring unit for tankers and supporting the terminals of a pipeline leading to the shore; an ocean-bottom anchor for said mooring unit; rigid elongated coupling means having one end jointed to said ocean-bottom anchor with freedom of movement in a plurality of directions, and a free end spaced from said one end, and extending from said ocean-bottom anchor upwardly toward said mooring unit at an acute angle to the horizontal; buoyant damping means interposed between and pivoted to said free end of said coupling means and said mooring unit, respectively, for angular displacement about two horizontal axes located at vertically spaced levels, so that a horizontal displacement of said mooring unit with respect to said coupling means results in pivoting of said buoyant damping means about said axes against a force tending to establish the equilibrium of said buoyant damping means, whereby forces transmitted between said mooring unit and said coupling means are damped; and connecting elements on said mooring unit for tying the tankers thereto so as to substantially eliminate

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)
US425441A 1972-12-20 1973-12-17 Offshore marine station Expired - Lifetime US3916812A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2262240A DE2262240C3 (de) 1972-12-20 1972-12-20 Verankerungssystem für einen schwimmenden Anleger

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3916812A true US3916812A (en) 1975-11-04

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US425441A Expired - Lifetime US3916812A (en) 1972-12-20 1973-12-17 Offshore marine station

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US (1) US3916812A (es)
DE (1) DE2262240C3 (es)
ES (1) ES421619A1 (es)
FR (1) FR2211371B3 (es)
GB (1) GB1455438A (es)
IT (1) IT1000500B (es)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4029039A (en) * 1974-11-05 1977-06-14 N.V. Industrieele Handelscombinatie Holland Mooring means, particularly for carrying out production tests for gas and oil drilling on the high seas
US4031582A (en) * 1975-03-10 1977-06-28 N.V. Industrieele Handelscombinatie Holland Floating structure
US4468205A (en) * 1983-01-13 1984-08-28 Sofec, Inc. Apparatus for single point mooring
US4576520A (en) * 1983-02-07 1986-03-18 Chevron Research Company Motion damping apparatus
US4580986A (en) * 1983-07-19 1986-04-08 Single Buoy Moorings, Inc. Mooring system comprising a floating body having storage capacity e.g. a tanker and a buoy anchored to the sea bottom
US6439147B2 (en) 2000-01-07 2002-08-27 Fmc Technologies, Inc. Mooring systems with active force reacting systems and passive damping
US20030061980A1 (en) * 2001-08-03 2003-04-03 Fmc Technologies, Inc. Offloading arrangements for speard moored FPSOs
WO2003059728A1 (en) * 2002-01-17 2003-07-24 Advanced Production And Loading As Mooring arrangement
US20040216485A1 (en) * 2003-05-01 2004-11-04 Landry David Charles Berthing method and system
WO2017215054A1 (zh) * 2016-06-14 2017-12-21 天津市海王星海上工程技术股份有限公司 一种单点靠泊装置

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3155069A (en) * 1962-08-17 1964-11-03 B P Tanker Company Ltd Mooring arrangements for ships
US3442245A (en) * 1968-04-08 1969-05-06 Us Army Rigid arm mooring means
US3572408A (en) * 1968-04-29 1971-03-23 Exxon Research Engineering Co Combined ship mooring and loading-unloading device
US3712068A (en) * 1969-01-30 1973-01-23 J Liautaud Offshore installation for producing, storing and loading oil from underwater oil well
US3765463A (en) * 1971-03-22 1973-10-16 Gulf Research Development Co Offshore terminal
US3774253A (en) * 1969-05-06 1973-11-27 Emh Floating systems, especially mooring buoys, for anchoring to the sea-bed
US3783816A (en) * 1971-04-16 1974-01-08 Erap System for mooring ships to structures

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3155069A (en) * 1962-08-17 1964-11-03 B P Tanker Company Ltd Mooring arrangements for ships
US3442245A (en) * 1968-04-08 1969-05-06 Us Army Rigid arm mooring means
US3572408A (en) * 1968-04-29 1971-03-23 Exxon Research Engineering Co Combined ship mooring and loading-unloading device
US3712068A (en) * 1969-01-30 1973-01-23 J Liautaud Offshore installation for producing, storing and loading oil from underwater oil well
US3774253A (en) * 1969-05-06 1973-11-27 Emh Floating systems, especially mooring buoys, for anchoring to the sea-bed
US3765463A (en) * 1971-03-22 1973-10-16 Gulf Research Development Co Offshore terminal
US3783816A (en) * 1971-04-16 1974-01-08 Erap System for mooring ships to structures

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4029039A (en) * 1974-11-05 1977-06-14 N.V. Industrieele Handelscombinatie Holland Mooring means, particularly for carrying out production tests for gas and oil drilling on the high seas
US4031582A (en) * 1975-03-10 1977-06-28 N.V. Industrieele Handelscombinatie Holland Floating structure
US4468205A (en) * 1983-01-13 1984-08-28 Sofec, Inc. Apparatus for single point mooring
US4576520A (en) * 1983-02-07 1986-03-18 Chevron Research Company Motion damping apparatus
US4580986A (en) * 1983-07-19 1986-04-08 Single Buoy Moorings, Inc. Mooring system comprising a floating body having storage capacity e.g. a tanker and a buoy anchored to the sea bottom
US6439147B2 (en) 2000-01-07 2002-08-27 Fmc Technologies, Inc. Mooring systems with active force reacting systems and passive damping
US20030061980A1 (en) * 2001-08-03 2003-04-03 Fmc Technologies, Inc. Offloading arrangements for speard moored FPSOs
US6983712B2 (en) * 2001-08-03 2006-01-10 Fmc Technologies, Inc. Offloading arrangements and method for spread moored FPSOs
WO2003059728A1 (en) * 2002-01-17 2003-07-24 Advanced Production And Loading As Mooring arrangement
US20050106959A1 (en) * 2002-01-17 2005-05-19 Eirik Storvoll Mooring arrangement
US6932015B2 (en) 2002-01-17 2005-08-23 Advanced Production And Loading As Mooring arrangement
CN100383016C (zh) * 2002-01-17 2008-04-23 先进生产和装卸有限公司 停泊、装货和卸货的装置
US20040216485A1 (en) * 2003-05-01 2004-11-04 Landry David Charles Berthing method and system
US7287484B2 (en) * 2003-05-01 2007-10-30 David Charles Landry Berthing method and system
WO2017215054A1 (zh) * 2016-06-14 2017-12-21 天津市海王星海上工程技术股份有限公司 一种单点靠泊装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2211371A1 (es) 1974-07-19
FR2211371B3 (es) 1976-10-15
DE2262240C3 (de) 1975-07-10
IT1000500B (it) 1976-03-30
DE2262240B2 (de) 1974-11-14
ES421619A1 (es) 1976-05-16
GB1455438A (en) 1976-11-10
DE2262240A1 (de) 1974-07-11

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