US3914973A - Method and apparatus for the preparation of round stock in strand form from steel or other metallic materials by hot forming - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for the preparation of round stock in strand form from steel or other metallic materials by hot forming Download PDF

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Publication number
US3914973A
US3914973A US492304A US49230474A US3914973A US 3914973 A US3914973 A US 3914973A US 492304 A US492304 A US 492304A US 49230474 A US49230474 A US 49230474A US 3914973 A US3914973 A US 3914973A
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United States
Prior art keywords
rolls
stock
round
rod
rolling
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Expired - Lifetime
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US492304A
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English (en)
Inventor
Heinz Koch
Bruno Kralowetz
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Fried Krupp Huettenwerke AG
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Fried Krupp Huettenwerke AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B15/00—Arrangements for performing additional metal-working operations specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
    • B21J7/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J7/14—Forging machines working with several hammers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B15/00—Arrangements for performing additional metal-working operations specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B15/0035—Forging or pressing devices as units

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT carrying out such process comprising a pass-through hot forge equipped with a 4-ham'mer to S-hammer tool disposed about an imaginary centerline through which stock to be shaped is passed, and means for pressing said tools against said stock as it passes through such line, which apparatus further comprises a pair of rolls whose roll surface contour is generally round, which rolls are disposed coaxially of said imaginary line and no more than about 600 mm from said forge.
  • This invention relates to a process and apparatus for the production of round stock in strand form to close tolerances from steel or other materials by hot forging through the use of pass-through forging. More particularly, this invention relates to a process for the manufacture of round stock having close tolerances by a hot forging process followed by a hot rolling process wherein-stock to be formed into round stock of close tolerances is initially formed into a polygonally shaped rod and thereafter, is subjected while in the same heat to a hot rolling process.
  • Hot rolling One of the common methods of production is hot rolling. Where the dimensional accuracy requirements are stringent, it is necessary that the hot rolling be followed by operations such as recalibration, paring and drawing for the purpose of perfecting the material in the hot or cold state. Cold drawing can produce especially close tolerances, but it is expensive and requires heavy investment in equipment. In particular, it requires high tooling costs, which increase constantly as the resistance of the material to shaping increases.
  • paring or rolled round stock requires a considerable in- "vestment in equipment and has an inherently poor output. Rerolling is not so disadvantageous in regard to installation cost, but there results poorer precision, poorer surface quality and greater expense the roll dressing shop. 1
  • This invention is directed to providing a method by tolerances, with good surface quality, and which process will be applicable to a wide variety of materials,
  • the problems of providing a process in which stock can be formed into round stock of close tolerances without high installation costs, high operating costs or excess floor space requirements is answered by an improved process for the manufacture of round stock in strand form to close tolerances from steel or other metallic stock wherein said stock is hot-forged or swagged into a rod.
  • the improved process is characterized in that the stock is hot forged so that the resultant rod has a cross section of a polygon with four n equal sides, wherein n is 2, 3 or 4, and the polygonally shaped rod is thereafter rolled to the round.
  • Theprocess is generally conducted utilizing an apparatus comprising a pass-through hot forge equipped with a 4-hammer to S-hammer tool disposed about an imaginary centerline through which stock to be shaped is passed.
  • the apparatus is provided with means for pressing the tools against the stock as it passes through said line.
  • the apparatus is improved by at least one pair of rolls whose roll surface contour is generally round, the pair of rolls being disposed coaxially of said imaginary line and no more than about 600 mm from said forge.
  • round material in strand form can be manufactured to especially close tolerancesusing the swagging or forging process by forging the metal to bars whose cross section is a regular octagon, dodecagon or hexadecagon and, at the same heat and at the same speed, rolling the forged bars to calibrated rounds.
  • the starting temperature in the forging operation is so selected that the material, by gaining heat from the forging, is at the hot rolling temperature commonly used for the particular type of material employed at the beginning of the finish rolling operation,
  • the .process is conducted generally by using a known forging apparatus which will form the stock into a cross section having equal sides such as an octagon, dodecagon and hexagon. Thereafter, the polygonally shaped rod is subjected to a rolling process using hydraulically driven rolls.
  • a known forging apparatus which will form the stock into a cross section having equal sides such as an octagon, dodecagon and hexagon.
  • the polygonally shaped rod is subjected to a rolling process using hydraulically driven rolls.
  • thin material particularly in the case of stock whose diameter is to be 30 mm or less,
  • the stock generally continuously passes through the forge and thence, through the driven rolls.
  • the first roll is disposed no more than about 600 mm from the exit of the forge.
  • the rolling speed of the rolls employed during the finish rolling operation depends upon the output of the forging machine.
  • the modern forging machines operate with a rod output at the rate of about 16 to 25 meters per minute.
  • the finish rolling process and the forging process operate coterminously on the stock so that the process is a continuous treatment of the stock at the same speed.
  • One embodiment of the present invention resides in the apparatus for forging and rolling the stock into a 1nd having close tolerances.
  • This apparatus is comsed of a combination of a pass-through forging maine and a rolling machine cooperating therewith.
  • differt forming tools be in a fixed relationship to one anier, so that the forming can be performed simultaously in the forging machine and in the rolling maine that is disposed thereafter.
  • the distance between forging tools and the first rolls must be kept small, d this is limited by the structural possibilities.
  • the iximum distance should not exceed 500 to 600 mm.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional side elevation of the apparatus liCh forges and hot rolls stock 1 into a round having me tolerances;
  • FIG. 2 is a view showing the formation of'the stock into a polygonally shaped rod through the use of four -.ir of tools, said shaping process being conducted in e forge;
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 showing the actua- )n of the rolls on the stock 1 during the rolling pro- DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS
  • the present process can .ape, through the use of the apparatus shown in the :companying drawings and described herein, stock to round stock.
  • stock to round stock By such term It is meant that the :neral overall, ultimate cross sectional configuration the material is basically round, i.e., it has a circular 'oss section.
  • the process can be con- Jcted so as to provide round stock which can have iread-like projections extending lengthwise of the rand or spirally about the same or transversely of the (is of the strand.
  • rolls 1e surface can be altered somewhat to show scoring nes, perforations and the like.
  • round .ock is to be considered as encompassing all of such )rms, whether smooth round stock or round stock aving perforations or indentations.
  • a descaling system 2 is disosed immediately prior to the entrance to the forge.
  • tock l is caused to pass through'the nip of two pairs f sequentially disposed rollers. Thereafter, it passes no the forge.
  • the forge can be any forging apparatus )r forming the stock into polygonally shaped rods havig equal sides, such as an apparatus having 8 hamiers, for example, of which 4 hammers strike or press 1e stock at the same time.
  • the forging mahine will be one of the type made by GFM Gesellshaft fiirtechnik und Maschinenbau AG. 'lachines of this type are shown in German Offen- :gungsschriften Pat. No.
  • the reduction of a metal product to form a taper uch as a rod or tube can be carried out by a swagging process.
  • swagging are forging, squeezing or hammering.
  • the metal In forging the metal is plastically deformed, usually hot, into desired shapes with compressive force, with or without dies. 5
  • FIG. 2 A suitable apparatus is shown in which a set of 8 hammers is employed. The 4 hammers marked 3 strike the bar or stock 1 at the same time while the 4 hammers marked 3' are at their top dead center.
  • a set of this kind is appropriate for the forging of hexadecagonal bars, which is preferred in accordance with the invention, if the face of each hammer confronting the bar has a saddle shape represented by solid lines. If the hammers have a flat face instead of the saddle, as represented by dotted lines, the set of 8 hammers will be used for the forging of octagonal bars.
  • a set of hammers for use in the forging of dodecagonal bars can best consist of 6 hammers with saddles or 12 hammers with flat striking faces.
  • the descaling system 2 is shown to be immediately followed by the forging system in which 2 of the 8 forging hammers 3 can be seen.
  • the forging apparatus Following the forging apparatus, within a maximum distance of 500 to 600 mm from the forging tools, there are disposed three pairs of rolls 4, 5 and 6 in cassettes 7 each of which rolls is driven by a hydraulic drive maintained in the cassette. The hydraulic drive is not shown.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown in detail the manner by which the pairs of rolls 4, 5 and 6 engage the rod 1 to form it into a round. While the apparatus is shown as utilizing three sequentially disposed pair of rolls 4, 5 and 6, the apparatus can contain more or less than three pair of rolls.
  • the finishing rolls have at least three pairs of rolls, each of which is offset 90 from the other. It is also desirable for the rolling stands to be inclined 45 from the horizontal, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the working roll diameter should be as small as possible in relation to the cross section of the material to be rolled. As a rule it will be between 280 and 450 mm, according to the thickness of the material to be rolled.
  • the cross sectional reduction during the rolling which will be between 2 and 8% according to the thickness of the material being rolled, to roll the stock down to its final thickness utilizing three successive pairs of rolls, the cross sectional reduction being reduced by the three successive pair of rolls according to the ratio 50:30:20 with the maximum reduction (50) being provided by the first roll, i.e., the roll closest to the forge, and the least reduction being provided by the last roll.
  • the descaling system represents a desirable addition to the process and it is desirably one which permits the mechanical breaking of the scale followed by a blasting with a high pressure water jet.
  • each hammer having a saddle to enable forging of regular sixteen-sided bars with equal sides a square bar with a side length of 80 mm consisting of a steel according to SAE 4340: 0.40 C;0.72 Mn; 0.28 Si; 1.82 Ni; 0.90 Cr; 0.28 Mo and heated to 1,060C, was forged to a sixteen-sided bar with a diagonal length of 51.4 mm and immediately rolled in the rolling section according to FIG. 1 into a round bar having a diameter of 48 mm.
  • the spacing between the end of the forging section and the rolling section was 500 mm. As shown in FIG. 1 the forging and rolling procedure are performed simultaneously as soon as the top of the bar 1 had entered the rolls 4.
  • the temperature of the bar coming out of the forging section was 1,090C and after rolling the temperature of the round bar was 1,060 C.
  • the tolerance of the round bar was 10.1 mm.
  • the delivery speed at the rolling section was 24 m per minute.
  • the invention as above described offers considerable advantages. It permits rapid and precise adaptation of the various characteristics of the material being worked, especially where both the characteristics and dimensions change frequently. It permits the precise maintenance of uniform shape and temperatures as an aid in achieving high quality. It is especially suitable for materials having a particularly high resistance to hot forming operations. The resultant surface quality is very good and dimensional accuracy is equal or virtually equal to that of bright steel and substantially higher than that of rolled steel which has been calibrated hot.
  • the output is incomparably higher than in the case of pared steel. Secondary scaling is very slight on account of the brevity of the shaping operation.
  • Materials which can be formed into round stock of close tolerance include non-alloy steel, alloy and highgrade alloy steel, light metals, heavy metals and special materials which are forgeable.
  • the initial stock can have a square, round or flat cross section.
  • a process according to claim 1 wherein the rolling to the round is performed by passing the rod through a pair of opposed rolls whose surface contour is generally round and rolling said rolls on the surface of said rod.
  • an apparatus for the manufacture of round stock in strand form to close tolerances from steel or other materials comprising a pass-through hot forge equipped with a 4-hammer to S-hammer tool disposed about an imaginary centerline through which stock to be shaped is passed and means for pressing said tools against stock passed along said line, the improvement which comprises at least one pair of driven rolls whose roll surface contour is generally round disposed coaxially of said imaginary line and no more than about 600 mm from said forge, and means for rolling said rolls on stock passed along said imaginary line.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
US492304A 1973-07-28 1974-07-26 Method and apparatus for the preparation of round stock in strand form from steel or other metallic materials by hot forming Expired - Lifetime US3914973A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2338391A DE2338391C3 (de) 1973-07-28 1973-07-28 Verfahren zum Herstellen von strangförmigem Rundmaterial aus metallischem Werkstoff und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

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US3914973A true US3914973A (en) 1975-10-28

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US492304A Expired - Lifetime US3914973A (en) 1973-07-28 1974-07-26 Method and apparatus for the preparation of round stock in strand form from steel or other metallic materials by hot forming

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US (1) US3914973A (ru)
JP (1) JPS5415020B2 (ru)
AT (1) AT325382B (ru)
DE (1) DE2338391C3 (ru)
FR (1) FR2238539B1 (ru)
GB (1) GB1440725A (ru)
SU (1) SU683606A3 (ru)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0030525A2 (en) * 1979-12-10 1981-06-17 Per-Olof Strandell Method and apparatus for forging sections
US5325697A (en) * 1991-05-06 1994-07-05 Morgan Construction Company Method and apparatus for continuously hot rolling ferrous long products
EP1219366A2 (de) * 2000-12-27 2002-07-03 Christian Hoffmann Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Profils insbesondere eines Gewindes an Stangen aus Stahl sowie eine Anlage und eine Vorrichtung hierfür
CN102921761A (zh) * 2012-11-08 2013-02-13 西安诺博尔稀贵金属材料有限公司 一种电光源用铌锆合金丝的制备方法

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52164141U (ru) * 1976-06-08 1977-12-13
JPS57115935A (en) * 1981-01-10 1982-07-19 Kiyoteru Takayasu Method for working metallic material
DE3376530D1 (en) * 1982-12-01 1988-06-16 Hitachi Ltd Press apparatus for reducing slab width
DE3926459A1 (de) * 1989-08-10 1991-02-14 Schloemann Siemag Ag Verfahren und anlage zur herstellung von thermomechanisch behandeltem walzgut aus stahl
RU2722847C1 (ru) * 2019-11-12 2020-06-04 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Магнитогорский государственный технический университет им. Г.И. Носова" Способ производства фасонных профилей высокой точности
RU2726231C9 (ru) * 2019-12-11 2021-02-17 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Магнитогорский государственный технический университет им. Г.И. Носова" (ФГБОУ ВО "МГТУ им. Г.И. Носова") Способ получения калиброванных шестигранных профилей из нержавеющих сталей
RU2732331C9 (ru) * 2019-12-11 2021-04-26 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Магнитогорский государственный технический университет им. Г.И. Носова" (ФГБОУ ВО "МГТУ им. Г.И. Носова" Способ производства многогранной калиброванной стали

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US446497A (en) * 1891-02-17 Method of rolling wire
US2101959A (en) * 1933-08-16 1937-12-14 Julius Kahn Metal drawing apparatus
US3135139A (en) * 1959-01-08 1964-06-02 Kralowetz Bruno Forging machine
US3243983A (en) * 1962-05-02 1966-04-05 Morgardshammars Mek Verkst Sa Turnable roll pairs
US3561105A (en) * 1967-06-28 1971-02-09 Southwire Co Method of producing a hot-formed aluminum base product
US3625043A (en) * 1968-11-14 1971-12-07 Moeller & Neumann Gmbh Continuous multiple core rolling mill train for producing rolled bar stock especially wire of heavy coil weights

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US446497A (en) * 1891-02-17 Method of rolling wire
US2101959A (en) * 1933-08-16 1937-12-14 Julius Kahn Metal drawing apparatus
US3135139A (en) * 1959-01-08 1964-06-02 Kralowetz Bruno Forging machine
US3243983A (en) * 1962-05-02 1966-04-05 Morgardshammars Mek Verkst Sa Turnable roll pairs
US3561105A (en) * 1967-06-28 1971-02-09 Southwire Co Method of producing a hot-formed aluminum base product
US3625043A (en) * 1968-11-14 1971-12-07 Moeller & Neumann Gmbh Continuous multiple core rolling mill train for producing rolled bar stock especially wire of heavy coil weights

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0030525A2 (en) * 1979-12-10 1981-06-17 Per-Olof Strandell Method and apparatus for forging sections
EP0030525A3 (en) * 1979-12-10 1981-11-25 Per-Olof Strandell Method and apparatus for forging sections
US5325697A (en) * 1991-05-06 1994-07-05 Morgan Construction Company Method and apparatus for continuously hot rolling ferrous long products
EP1219366A2 (de) * 2000-12-27 2002-07-03 Christian Hoffmann Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Profils insbesondere eines Gewindes an Stangen aus Stahl sowie eine Anlage und eine Vorrichtung hierfür
EP1219366A3 (de) * 2000-12-27 2003-11-19 Christian Hoffmann Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Profils insbesondere eines Gewindes an Stangen aus Stahl sowie eine Anlage und eine Vorrichtung hierfür
CN102921761A (zh) * 2012-11-08 2013-02-13 西安诺博尔稀贵金属材料有限公司 一种电光源用铌锆合金丝的制备方法
CN102921761B (zh) * 2012-11-08 2014-06-04 西安诺博尔稀贵金属材料有限公司 一种电光源用铌锆合金丝的制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SU683606A3 (ru) 1979-08-30
DE2338391A1 (de) 1975-02-13
FR2238539B1 (ru) 1978-03-24
JPS5071562A (ru) 1975-06-13
DE2338391C3 (de) 1978-08-24
JPS5415020B2 (ru) 1979-06-12
GB1440725A (en) 1976-06-23
FR2238539A1 (ru) 1975-02-21
AT325382B (de) 1975-10-27
DE2338391B2 (de) 1978-01-12

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