US3914045A - Method and apparatus for removing residual image from photoconductive element of electrophotographic copying machine - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for removing residual image from photoconductive element of electrophotographic copying machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3914045A
US3914045A US463634A US46363474A US3914045A US 3914045 A US3914045 A US 3914045A US 463634 A US463634 A US 463634A US 46363474 A US46363474 A US 46363474A US 3914045 A US3914045 A US 3914045A
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United States
Prior art keywords
photoconductive
drum
photoconductive member
polarity
grounded
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US463634A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ryoichi Namiki
Kazunori Matsuo
Mutsuo Watanabe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ricoh Co Ltd
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Ricoh Co Ltd filed Critical Ricoh Co Ltd
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Publication of US3914045A publication Critical patent/US3914045A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G03G15/28—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which projection is obtained by line scanning
    • G03G15/30—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which projection is obtained by line scanning in which projection is formed on a drum
    • G03G15/307—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which projection is obtained by line scanning in which projection is formed on a drum with more than one photoconductor revolution for each copying cycle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G21/00—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
    • G03G21/0005—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge for removing solid developer or debris from the electrographic recording medium
    • G03G21/0047—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge for removing solid developer or debris from the electrographic recording medium using electrostatic or magnetic means; Details thereof, e.g. magnetic pole arrangement of magnetic devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G21/00—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
    • G03G21/06—Eliminating residual charges from a reusable imaging member
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2221/00—Processes not provided for by group G03G2215/00, e.g. cleaning or residual charge elimination
    • G03G2221/0005—Cleaning of residual toner

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for removing a residual image in,the form of toner particles from a photoconductive drum -of an electrophotographic copying machine.
  • a photoconductive drum is charged by means such as a corona discharge tube.
  • the drum is then rotated into a position in which an optical image of a document being copied is projected .the'reon.
  • Bright areas of the optical image cause the drum to locally conduct and dissipate the charge thereon to form an electrostatic pattern on the drum analogous to the optical image.
  • a developing step is then performed in which charged toner particles are applied to the drum by a magnetic brush and adhere to the areas of the surface of the drum in which an electrostatic charge remains.
  • the particles are then transferred' to a sheet of copy paper andfixed thereto by heat or other means.
  • the present invention applies to this copy process after the transferring step. Since it is impossible to transfer all the toner particles to the copy paper, some will remain in the form of a residual image. If the residual image is not removed from the drum, it will be transferred to the next copy sheet in the form of undesirable double printing. I v
  • the steps of charging, imaging, transferring, and a subsequent step of discharging thedrum are performed during one revolution of the drum.
  • the charging, transfer and discharging units are de-energized, and a voltage is applied to the magnetic brush which is opposite in polarity to the charge of the charged toner particles.
  • the residual toner particles are thereby removed from the drum by the magnetic brush.
  • the cleaning efficiency of the feather brush thus becomes very low, and the accumulated toner particles must be manually removed which is troublesome for the copying machine operator.
  • the major disadvantage with a scraper is that it has a tendency to damage the sensitive surface of the photoconductive drum.
  • FIG. 1 is a side schematic view illustrating a method and apparatus according to the present invention
  • FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and 2e illustrate steps in the method of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary side schematic view illustrating a modification of the method of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary side view illustrating another modification of the method of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 an apparatus embodying a method according to the present invention for removing residual toner particles from a photoconductive drum 10 is illustrated, in which the drum 10 is fixed to a shaft 12 through which it is rotated by drive means (not shown).
  • the drum 10 is grounded through the shaft 12, and has a photoconductive layer 14 formed on its surface.
  • the nature of the layer 14 is such that its electrical resistance decreases in proportion to the intensity of light incident thereon.
  • An optical system 16 is arranged to project an optical image of an original document 18 to be copied onto the surface of the drum 10.
  • a charging unit 20 is arranged adjacent to the layer 14 of the drum and comprises a corona discharge element 22 in a reflector or shield 24.
  • a developing unit 26 includes a developing tank 28 housing a magnetic brush 30 which is mounted by means of a conductive roller on a shaft and is rotatable as shown by an arrow by driving means (not shown).
  • a voltage may be applied to the magnetic brush 30 by means of a voltage source 32.
  • the developing tank 28 contains a developing mixture consisting of charged toner particles and a carrier such as iron particles which is applied onto the surface of the layer 14 of the drum 10 by the magnetic brush 30.
  • a transfer unit 34 is identical in construction to the charging unit and comprises a corona discharge element 36 and a shield 38.
  • a sheet of copy paper 40 is fed between the drum 10 and transfer unit 34 with its upper surface in close contact with the layer 14 by feed means (not shown) in the direction indicated by an arrow. After passing through the transfer unit 34, the
  • a conductive roller 42 is maintained in physical rolling contact with the drum 10 by a shaft 44, and the roller 42 is electrically grounded through the shaft 44. If desired, the roller 42 may be arranged to protrude from a tank 46 supporting a brush or wiper 48 in sliding contact with the roller 42, although the tank 46 and wiper 48 may be omitted if desired.
  • a discharge unit 50 is identical in construction to the charging unit 20 and comprises a corona discharge element 52 and a shield 54.
  • the corona discharge elements 22 and 36 of the charging unit 20 and the transfer unit 34 respectively are connected to a positive voltage source (not shown), and the corona discharge element 52 of the discharge unit 50 is connected to a negative voltage source (not shown).
  • the surface of the layer 14 is charged to a positive polarity by the charging unit 20 at a point A. Since the drum 10 has not yet been exposed to light, the layer 14 will have low electrical conductivity and the positive charge will be retained thereon.
  • an optical image of the surface of the document 18 will be projected thereonto by the optical system 16.
  • the arrangement is such that an electrostatic image will be formed on the surface of the layer 14 because the conductivity of the layer 14 will increase in proportion to the intensity of light incident thereon. For example, in a bright area, the conductivity of the layer 14 will decrease tremendously, and the charge in the bright area will be shorted to ground through the layer 14, the drum l0 and the shaft 12. In a dark area, however, the conductivity of the layer 14 will remain low, and the positive charge will remain on the surface of the layer 14.
  • the drum 10 is then rotated to a position C, at which toner particles from the tank 28 are applied onto the surface of the layer 14 by the magnetic brush 30.
  • the toner particles are arranged to have a negative charge, and the carrier particles may be neutral or have a positive charge. Since the toner particles have a negative charge, they are attracted to the positively charged areas of the layer 14 of the drum l0 and adhere thereto to form a toner image.
  • the drum 10 is then rotated to a position D, at which the paper 40 is fed in physical contact therewith by the feed means.
  • the toner image is transferred to the paper 40.
  • This operation is ensured by the transfer unit 34, which applies a positive potential to the bottom surface of the paper 40.
  • the negatively charged toner particles are attracted to the upper surface of the paper 40 by the positive potential of the transfer unit 34, and adhere to the paper 40.
  • the paper 40 is then fed through the fixing means in which the toner image is thermally or otherwise fixed to the paper 40.
  • the drum 10 is then advanced to a position E, at which it rolls in contact with the roller 42. Since the roller 42 is grounded, toner particles are attracted and adhere thereto, and are thereby removed from the drum 10. Toner particles carried on the surface of the roller 42 are discharged to ground therethrough, and are removed therefrom by the wiper 48 and drop down into the tank 46 for recycling. However, not all of the toner particles will be removed by the roller 42, and the drum 10 will rotate to a position F adjacent to the discharging unit 50 with toner particles still adhered thereto.
  • the charging unit 20, transfer unit 34 and discharging unit 50 are deenergized.
  • a positive voltage is applied thereto by the source 32.
  • the optical system 16 is also inoperative.
  • the drum 10 rotates to the position C the negatively charged floating toner particles are removed from the drum 10 by a combination of physical contact and the positive charge on the magnetic brush 30. After the final cleaning operation is completed, the toner particles will automatically be deposited in the tank 28 for recycling.
  • FIG. 2a illustrates the process when the drum 10 is between the positions C and D, in which toner particles have been deposited 6nto and are adhering to the layer 14.
  • the drum 10 is at the position D, and a positive potential is applied to the top of the paper 40 through the transfer unit 34 by a source 60.
  • the paper 40 is smaller than the toner image on the layer 14, and that toner particles 100a of the toner image will contact the paper 40 and toner particles 1001; of the image will not contact the paper 40.
  • some upper toner particles 1000 will be transferred to the paper 40 to provide a visual copy of the document 18, and some lower toner particles 100a will remain adhered to the layer 14' of the drum as a residual image but will retain their negative charge.
  • the toner particles 100b on the other hand, will all remain adhered to the layer 14 and will furthermore be exposed directly to the positive potential of the transfer unit 34. The charge of the toner particles l00b will thereby be converted to positive.
  • the present invention provides novel means in the form of the roller 42 to remove toner particles l00b from the layer 14 to the extent that their density will be reduced to approximately that of the toner particles 100a. This is possible since the roller 42 is grounded and will attract positive toner particles 100b as well as negative toner particles 100a as shown in FIG. 20, in
  • the drum 10 has rotated past the position E to the position F, in which it is adjacent to the discharging unit 50.
  • a negative potential is applied to the transfer unit 50 by a source 70, whichdischarges the layer 14 and converts the polarity of the charge of the toner particles 10% to negative.
  • all toner particles 100a and l00b will be of negative polarity and will be removed from the layer 14 of the drum 10 by the positively charged mag netic brush 30 in a manner as shown in FIG. 2e.
  • the capacitance C of the roller 42 may be higher than the capacitance C of the drum 10.
  • the resistivity of the roller 42 may be a selected value between 10 Qcm and 10 Qcm.
  • FIG. 3 shows a modification of the present invention, in which the roller 42 is disposed inside of or above the tank 28 and is in brushing contact with the magnetic brush 30.
  • the wiper 48 is held in sliding contact with the roller 42 but it may be dispensed with if preferred.
  • the magnetic brush 30. is able to remove toner particles from both the layer 14 of the drum l0 and from the roller 42, and the removed toner particles may be removed from the magnetic brush 30 by a modified wiper 48 and drop into the tank 28 for recycling.
  • a source 80 applies a voltage opposite in polarity to that of the toner particles, in this case positive, to a corona discharge unit 82 comprising a corona discharge element 84 and a shield 86, and thereby to a dielectric layer 42' formed on the surface of the roller 42.
  • the efficiency of removing toner particles from the layer 14 of the drum 10 is thereby increased.
  • the source 80 may apply a negative potential to the layer 42' in order to attract positive toner particles 100brather than negative toner particles 100a.
  • the second transfer operation can be performed either between the first transfer step at the position D and the discharging step at the position F, or between the discharging step at the position F and the final removal or cleaing step at the position C during the second revolution of the drum 10 with the minor variation in perfonnance as described above.
  • I 1 An apparatus for removing a residual image from a photoconductive member of an electrophotographic copying machine after the photoconductive member has been utilized in the steps of sequentially charging, imaging, developing and transferring, the apparatus comprising:
  • said photoconductive member being a roller, and in which the grounded member is disposed between the source and the charged member in the direction of rotation of the photoconductive member.
  • the charged member is a roller in rolling contact with the photoconductive member
  • the charged member is a magnetic brush
  • the magnetic brush in contact with both the photoconductive member and the grounded member to remove the residual image from both the photoconductive member and the grounded member.
  • the grounded member is a roller in rolling contact with the photoconductive member, and further comprising a wiper in sliding contact with the roller.
  • An electrophotographic process comprising the steps of:
  • An apparatusiforremoving a residual. image from a photoconductiveme mber of an electrophotographic copying machine after the photoconductive member has been utilized in the steps of sequentially charging, imaging, developing and transferring, the apparatus comprising:
  • a grounded member to partially remove the'residual image from the photoconductive member through physical con tact therewith, the grounded member and the photoconductive member being rollers in "rollin'g'conta'c t with'eachother;
  • the charged merhber being a' magnetic brush which is usedi'n the'developing step during one revolution of the photoconductive member andt'o removeth'e remainder of the residual image from the .5 photo-conductive member during a secoiid'revolution of the photoconductive member.
  • An apparatus for removing a residual image from a photoconductive member of an electrophotographic which the mag- I copying machine after the photoconductive member comprising:
  • said photoconductive member being a roller, and in which the grounded member is disposed between the charged member and the source in the direction of rotation of the photoconductive member.
  • An apparatus for removing a residual image from a photoconductive member of an electrophotographic copying machine after the photoconductive member has been utilized inthe steps of sequentially charging, imaging, developing and transferring, the apparatus comprising:
  • a grounded member to partially remove the residual image from the photoconductive member through physical contact therewith and in which the capacitance of the grounded member is greater than that of the photoconductive member
  • a method of removing charged particles from photoconductive member comprising the steps of:

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US463634A 1973-04-30 1974-04-24 Method and apparatus for removing residual image from photoconductive element of electrophotographic copying machine Expired - Lifetime US3914045A (en)

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JP48048949A JPS5830585B2 (ja) 1973-04-30 1973-04-30 デンシシヤシンフクシヤキ ニ オケル カンコウタイ ノ クリ−ニングホウホウ

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Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4049344A (en) * 1975-03-10 1977-09-20 Xerox Corporation Electrostatic imaging system
US4078924A (en) * 1976-09-13 1978-03-14 Xerox Corporation Imaging surface smoothing with roughened nickel foil
US4136943A (en) * 1975-12-17 1979-01-30 Yutaka Koizumi Visual display apparatus
US4142165A (en) * 1976-03-25 1979-02-27 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Electrostatic copying machine comprising improved magnetic brush developing-cleaning unit
US4178095A (en) * 1978-04-10 1979-12-11 International Business Machines Corporation Abnormally low reflectance photoconductor sensing system
US4179213A (en) * 1978-04-10 1979-12-18 International Business Machines Corporation Vector pinning in an electrophotographic machine
US4183657A (en) * 1978-04-10 1980-01-15 International Business Machines Corporation Dynamic reference for an image quality control system
US4185910A (en) * 1976-06-30 1980-01-29 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. Photoconductive member cleaning device using a magnetic brush for electrostatic copying machines
US4201465A (en) * 1975-11-26 1980-05-06 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Drum cleaning process and apparatus for electrophotography
US4205912A (en) * 1975-11-11 1980-06-03 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Company Limited Electrophotographic apparatus
US4233386A (en) * 1977-09-19 1980-11-11 Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. Method of removing residual toner from surface of photoconductive member for use in electrostatic copying apparatus of the transfer type
US4240723A (en) * 1974-05-20 1980-12-23 Elfotec A.G. Process for electrographic image production and an apparatus for carrying out this process
US4265998A (en) * 1979-11-13 1981-05-05 International Business Machines Corporation Electrophotographic photoreceptive background areas cleaned by backcharge process
US4269503A (en) * 1978-07-12 1981-05-26 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Toner cleaning apparatus
US4278343A (en) * 1976-04-22 1981-07-14 Ricoh Co., Ltd. Inversion developing method for electrophotography and relevant apparatuses
EP0046852A1 (en) * 1980-08-28 1982-03-10 International Business Machines Corporation Electrophotographic copier
US4319831A (en) * 1978-12-19 1982-03-16 Kanebo, Ltd. Cleaning device in a copying machine
US4335955A (en) * 1978-04-24 1982-06-22 Ragen Precision Industries, Inc. Electrostatic display apparatus
US4361397A (en) * 1979-08-31 1982-11-30 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Cleaning apparatus for an electrostatic recording machine
US4398820A (en) * 1981-05-18 1983-08-16 Xerox Corporation Cleaning system
US4420242A (en) * 1982-03-05 1983-12-13 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Magnetic brush developing and cleaning process
GB2217260A (en) * 1988-02-29 1989-10-25 Alps Electric Co Ltd Cleaning system for image forming apparatus
US5122838A (en) * 1989-05-31 1992-06-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Image forming apparatus for developing a latent image on an image carrying body with a one component developing agent and simultaneously removing residual developing agent from the image carrying body
EP0540341A3 (en) * 1991-10-30 1994-12-07 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Apparatus for and method of forming image
US5581291A (en) * 1990-11-26 1996-12-03 Kyocera Corporation Rear side exposure type electrographic image forming apparatus
US5722015A (en) * 1996-04-30 1998-02-24 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus for adjusting the charge on toner
US5797065A (en) * 1990-03-19 1998-08-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Electrophotographic recording apparatus
US5822657A (en) * 1996-05-16 1998-10-13 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus
US5987277A (en) * 1996-06-06 1999-11-16 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha System for transferring toner to and from a photosensitive drum in a printing process unit
US6272302B1 (en) * 1999-03-09 2001-08-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus with developer collecting roller
US20030118374A1 (en) * 2001-12-20 2003-06-26 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Developing apparatus and method in image forming apparatus
US20050178778A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2005-08-18 Berg Michael D. System and method for monitored delivery of products

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50137806U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1974-04-27 1975-11-13
JPS5531879U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1978-08-23 1980-02-29
JP2589718B2 (ja) * 1987-12-25 1997-03-12 松下電器産業株式会社 カラー電子写真方法

Citations (1)

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US3780391A (en) * 1972-06-09 1973-12-25 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus for cleaning a residual image from a photosensitive member

Family Cites Families (1)

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JPS5754921B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-05-15 1982-11-20

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US3780391A (en) * 1972-06-09 1973-12-25 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus for cleaning a residual image from a photosensitive member

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4240723A (en) * 1974-05-20 1980-12-23 Elfotec A.G. Process for electrographic image production and an apparatus for carrying out this process
US4049344A (en) * 1975-03-10 1977-09-20 Xerox Corporation Electrostatic imaging system
US4205912A (en) * 1975-11-11 1980-06-03 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Company Limited Electrophotographic apparatus
US4201465A (en) * 1975-11-26 1980-05-06 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Drum cleaning process and apparatus for electrophotography
US4136943A (en) * 1975-12-17 1979-01-30 Yutaka Koizumi Visual display apparatus
US4142165A (en) * 1976-03-25 1979-02-27 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Electrostatic copying machine comprising improved magnetic brush developing-cleaning unit
US4278343A (en) * 1976-04-22 1981-07-14 Ricoh Co., Ltd. Inversion developing method for electrophotography and relevant apparatuses
US4185910A (en) * 1976-06-30 1980-01-29 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. Photoconductive member cleaning device using a magnetic brush for electrostatic copying machines
US4078924A (en) * 1976-09-13 1978-03-14 Xerox Corporation Imaging surface smoothing with roughened nickel foil
US4233386A (en) * 1977-09-19 1980-11-11 Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. Method of removing residual toner from surface of photoconductive member for use in electrostatic copying apparatus of the transfer type
US4178095A (en) * 1978-04-10 1979-12-11 International Business Machines Corporation Abnormally low reflectance photoconductor sensing system
US4179213A (en) * 1978-04-10 1979-12-18 International Business Machines Corporation Vector pinning in an electrophotographic machine
US4183657A (en) * 1978-04-10 1980-01-15 International Business Machines Corporation Dynamic reference for an image quality control system
US4335955A (en) * 1978-04-24 1982-06-22 Ragen Precision Industries, Inc. Electrostatic display apparatus
US4269503A (en) * 1978-07-12 1981-05-26 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Toner cleaning apparatus
US4319831A (en) * 1978-12-19 1982-03-16 Kanebo, Ltd. Cleaning device in a copying machine
US4361397A (en) * 1979-08-31 1982-11-30 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Cleaning apparatus for an electrostatic recording machine
US4265998A (en) * 1979-11-13 1981-05-05 International Business Machines Corporation Electrophotographic photoreceptive background areas cleaned by backcharge process
EP0046852A1 (en) * 1980-08-28 1982-03-10 International Business Machines Corporation Electrophotographic copier
US4398820A (en) * 1981-05-18 1983-08-16 Xerox Corporation Cleaning system
US4420242A (en) * 1982-03-05 1983-12-13 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Magnetic brush developing and cleaning process
GB2217260A (en) * 1988-02-29 1989-10-25 Alps Electric Co Ltd Cleaning system for image forming apparatus
US4956677A (en) * 1988-02-29 1990-09-11 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Cleaning device for image forming apparatus
GB2217260B (en) * 1988-02-29 1991-10-30 Alps Electric Co Ltd Cleaning systems for image forming apparatus
US5122838A (en) * 1989-05-31 1992-06-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Image forming apparatus for developing a latent image on an image carrying body with a one component developing agent and simultaneously removing residual developing agent from the image carrying body
US5797065A (en) * 1990-03-19 1998-08-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Electrophotographic recording apparatus
US5581291A (en) * 1990-11-26 1996-12-03 Kyocera Corporation Rear side exposure type electrographic image forming apparatus
EP0540341A3 (en) * 1991-10-30 1994-12-07 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Apparatus for and method of forming image
US5722015A (en) * 1996-04-30 1998-02-24 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus for adjusting the charge on toner
US5822657A (en) * 1996-05-16 1998-10-13 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus
US5987277A (en) * 1996-06-06 1999-11-16 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha System for transferring toner to and from a photosensitive drum in a printing process unit
US6272302B1 (en) * 1999-03-09 2001-08-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus with developer collecting roller
US20030118374A1 (en) * 2001-12-20 2003-06-26 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Developing apparatus and method in image forming apparatus
US6810223B2 (en) * 2001-12-20 2004-10-26 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Developing apparatus and method in image forming apparatus
US20050178778A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2005-08-18 Berg Michael D. System and method for monitored delivery of products
US7720568B2 (en) * 2003-12-19 2010-05-18 Honeywell International Inc. System and method for monitored delivery of products

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JPS50846A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-01-07
JPS5830585B2 (ja) 1983-06-30

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