GB1601495A - Cleaning apparatus - Google Patents
Cleaning apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1601495A GB1601495A GB2194378A GB2194378A GB1601495A GB 1601495 A GB1601495 A GB 1601495A GB 2194378 A GB2194378 A GB 2194378A GB 2194378 A GB2194378 A GB 2194378A GB 1601495 A GB1601495 A GB 1601495A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- magnetic
- brush
- belt
- photoconductive drum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G21/00—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
- G03G21/0005—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge for removing solid developer or debris from the electrographic recording medium
- G03G21/0047—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge for removing solid developer or debris from the electrographic recording medium using electrostatic or magnetic means; Details thereof, e.g. magnetic pole arrangement of magnetic devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2221/00—Processes not provided for by group G03G2215/00, e.g. cleaning or residual charge elimination
- G03G2221/0005—Cleaning of residual toner
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Cleaning In Electrography (AREA)
Description
(54) IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO
CLEANING APPARATUS
(71) We, RICOH COMPANY, LTD., a Japanese Body Corporate of 3-6, I-chome
Naka Magome, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, Japan, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The present invention relates to cleaning apparatus and to electrophotographic copying machines incorporating such apparatus.
According to the invention, there is provided a method of cleaning residual magnetic toner from a recording material after the transfer of a toner image from the material, the method comprising the steps of displacing the magnetic toner relative to recording material against the electrostatic attraction of the magnetic toner to the recording material and thereafter removing of the displaced magnetic toner from the recording material with a magnetic brush.
According to the invention, there is provided a method of cleaning residual magnetic toner from a recording material after the formation of a toner image on the material by a magnetic brush and the subsequent transfer of the toner image from the recording material comprising the steps of displacing the magnetic toner on said recording material relative to said recording material against the electrostatic attraction of the residual magnetic toner to said recording material using auxiliary cleaning means having a volume resistivity is not less than 1013 Q cm and subsequently removing the displaced toner from the recording material using said magnetic brush.
According to the invention, there is further provided cleaning apparatus for cleaning residual magnetic toner from a photoconductive material in an electrophotographic copying machine, the apparatus comprising magnetic brush cleaning means for engaging the photoconductive material to remove residual toner therefrom, and auxiliary cleaning means arranged to engage the photoconductive material upstream of the magnetic brush cleaning means to displace residual toner on the material relative to the material.
According to the invention, there is still further provided an electrophotographic copying machine having a photoconductive drum and arranged to produce one copy with every two revolutions of the photoconductive drum, the machine including charging means for forming an electrostatic latent image on the drum during alternate revolutions of the drum, magnetic brush means for carrying a magnetic toner brush arranged to develop the electrostatic image on the drum during alternate revolutions of the drum and to remove residual toner from the drum during intervening revolutions, and auxiliary cleaning means arranged to be moved into contact with the drum during each said intervening revolution of the drum at a location intermediate the charging means and the magnetic brush means.
Toner cleaning methods and apparatus embodying the invention, will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawing in which: Figure 1 is a section through an electrophotographic copying machine incorporating a first form of the apparatus;
Figure 2 is a section through another electrophotographic copying machine incorporating a second form of the apparatus;
Figure 3 is a section through a third form of the apparatus; and
Figure 4 is a section through a fourth form of the apparatus.
The electrophotographic copying machine shown in Figure 1 includes a photoconductive drum which is arranged to rotate in the sense of the arrow. As the photoconductive drum 1 is rotated it is progressively uniformly charged by charging apparatus 2 and then exposed to a light image projected onto the surface of the photoconductive drum 1 by exposure apparatus (not shown) to form a latent electrostatic image thereon. The latent electrostatic image is developed by a development apparatus 3. The development apparatus 3 includes a development roller 4 housing a magnet (not shown). The roller 4 is arranged to be rotated in the sense of the associated arrow. A hopper 5 is fifled with a magnetic toner which is dispensed onto the development roller 4, to form a magnetic brush thereon.The magnetic brush carried by the development roller 4 is arranged to brush the surface of the photoconductive drum 1 to develop the latent electrostatic image onto a toner image. The toner image on the photoconductive drum 1 is brought into contact with a transfer sheet fed from sheet feed apparatus 6. Corona image transfer apparatus 7 assists the transfer of the toner image to the transfer sheet by the electrostatic attraction. The transfer sheet is then stripped from the photoconductive drum 1 and is fed into pressure image fixing apparatus 8 where the toner image is fixed to the transfer sheet. The pressure fixing apparatus 8 has a pair of co-operating pressure rollers 8a and 8b which apply pressure to the toner to fuse and so fix the toner image to the transfer sheet since the toner is pressure sensitive.
The transfer sheet is then discharged onto a paper discharge tray 9. After the image transfer process has taken place, residual charge remaining on the surface of the photoconductor drum 1 is removed by charge quenching apparatus 10 in the form of a quenching lamp. Residual toner is then removed from the surface of the photoconductive drum 1 by cleaning apparatus 11. The cleaning apparatus 11 includes an auxiliary cleaning roller 12 made of a fur brush or sponge rubber for example, and a scraper plate 13 for scraping toner deposited on the auxiliary cleaning roller 12 to remove toner collected by the auxiliary cleaning roller 12. Magnetic brush formation means 14 located upstream of the auxiliary cleaning roller 12, relative to the direction of movement of the photoconductive drum 1 is movable relative to the photoconductive drum 1.A toner recovery blade 15 is arranged to control the height of the magnetic brush formed on the magnetic brush formation means 14. A toner displacing member 16 is arranged to return the toner removed from the drum by the cleaning roller 12 and brush formation means 14 to a toner recovery container (not shown) for reuse of the toner by the development apparatus 3. Since the toner is pressure-sensitive, any application of excess pressure at the image transfer station will cause the toner to be semifused and to adhere firmly to the surface of the photoconductive drum 1. Such adhesion of the toner to the photoconductive drum 1 is greatest in line image areas and non-image areas.Therefore, it is necessary to strip such toner from the photoconductive drum 1, before it is cleaned off by the brush formation means 14 in such a manner as to weaken the attraction of the toner to the photoconductor drum 1. This is achieved with the aid of the auxiliary cleaning member 12 which is in the form of a resilient rotating member which can be stationary, or rotatable in the same or in the reverse sense relative to the photoconductive drum 1.
In the machine of Figure 1, the auxiliary cleaning roller 12 is rotated in the same sense as the sense of rotation of the photoconductive drum 1.
The auxiliary cleaning roller 12 not only displaces toner deposited on the photoconductive drum 1, but also collects some of the toner deposited on the photoconductive drum 1. The collected toner is removed and recovered from the roller by the scraper plate 13.
The residual magnetic toner on the drum whose attraction to the photoconductive drum 1 has been thus weakened is recovered through the magnetic attraction of the magnetic brush formation means 14.
As the magnetic toner is recovered by the magnetic brush formation means 14, the quantity of the magnetic toner held to the magnetic brush formation means 14 increases. To maintain the height of the magnetic brush on the means 14 at a predetermined level excess toner is removed by a doctor blade 15.
In the copying machine shown in Fig. 2 parts similar to those in Figure 1 are similarly referenced.
As shown in Figure 2, the copying machine includes a photoconductive drum 1 having an outer layer of zinc oxide, selenium or an organic photoconductor.
The photoconductive drum 1 is arranged to be rotated in the sense of the arrow.
Located about the photoconductive drum 1 are charging apparatus 2, exposure apparatus 17 incorporating a fibre optic light image transmitting system, auxiliary cleaning means 18, development and cleaning apparatus 19, image transfer apparatus 7 and quenching apparatus 20.
This copying machine is arranged to produce one copy for each two revolutions of the photoconductive drum 1. During the first revolution of the photoconductive drum 1, the surface of the photoconductive drum I is uniformly charged by the charging apparatus 2, and a latent electrostatic image is formed on the surface of the photoconductive drum I by the exposure apparatus 17. The latent electrostatic image is developed by the development and cleaning apparatus 19 which is generally similar to the development apparatus 3 of the machine of Figure 1. The development roller 4, carries a magnetic brush of onecomponent magnetic toner. The toner image formed on the surface of the photoconductive drum 1 is transferred electrostatically to a transfer sheet fed from the sheet feed apparatus 6.The transfer sheet is then stripped from the photoconductive drum 1 and the toner image is fixed to the transfer sheet by the pressure fixing apparatus 8. The transfer sheet is then discharged from the copying machine. As mentioned previously, magnetic toner is firmly deposited on the photoconductive drum 1 under the pressure applied to the toner during the image transfer step. After the image transfer, unnecessary charges remaining on the photoconductive drum 1 are removed by the quenching apparatus 20. The quenching apparatus 20 includes a lamp 20a and a quenching corona apparatus 20b. The quenching corona apparatus 20b is in the form of a corona charger having a polarity opposite to that of the charging apparatus 2 or the A.C. corona charger. This completes the first revolution of the photoconductive drum 1.During the second revolution of the photoconductive drum 1 and prior to cleaning by the development and cleaning apparatus 19, the magnetic toner deposited on the photoconductive drum 1 is vibrated by the auxiliary cleaning apparatus 18 so that the attraction of the magnetic toner to the photoconductor drum 1 is reduced.
When the magnetic toner is ready to be released from the photoconductive drum 1, the magnetic toner is brushed mechanically by the magnetic brush formed on the development roller of the development and cleaning apparatus 19. As a result magnetic toner is removed and recovered from the photoconductive drum 1 by the magnetic attraction of the magnetic brush. The thus recovered magnetic toner will be used again during the next copying process. Thus, the second revolution of the photoconductive drum 1 is completed and one copy is obtained.
If the auxiliary cleaning apparatus 18 is arranged so that it will always make contact with the surface of the photoconductive drum I at a predetermined pressure, there is a danger that the latent electrostatic image will be disturbed by the auxiliary cleaning apparatus 18 during the first revolution of the photoconductive drum 1. The auxiliary cleaning apparatus 18, is preferably made of a resilient material having a volume resistivity of not less than 10J3 Q cm. The auxiliary cleaning apparatus for example comprises a brush made of vinylon fibre.
The brush need not be stationary, but can be rotated provided that it will displace any residual toner deposited on the photoconductive drum 1 relative to the photoconductive drum 1.
A part of the residual toner may become transferred to the auxiliary cleaning apparatus 18. However, when the latent electrostatic image passes under the auxiliary cleaning apparatus 18, this transferred residual toner will be attracted electrostatically by the latent electrostatic image from the auxiliary cleaning apparatus 18 to the photoconductive drum 1 and will be carried away by the photoconductive drum 1 so that the auxiliary cleaning apparatus will remain clean. Thus, the auxiliary cleaning apparatus 18 is always ready for cleaning.
The latent electrostatic image is not disturbed by the auxiliary cleaning apparatus 18, but will be partially developed by the cleaning apparatus 18.
Where the auxiliary cleaning apparatus
18 is arranged to be displaced away from the surface of the photoconductive drum 1 for an appropriate period during the rotation of the photoconductive drum 1, the range of choice of materials for the apparatus 18 is widened.
Thus, when the auxiliary cleaning apparatus 18 is arranged for displacement away from the surface of the photo conductive drum 1 during the first revolution of the photoconductive drum 1 (i.e. the period of image formation) and arranged to return into contact with the surface of the photoconductive drum 1 during the second revolution of the photoconductive drum 1 (i.e. the period of cleaning), there is no possibility of the latent electrostatic image being disturbed by the auxiliary cleaning apparatus 18. Therefore, electrically conductive materials can be used in the auxiliary cleaning apparatus 18.
The auxiliary cleaning apparatus 21 shown in Fig. 3 includes a cylindrical fur brush 22 made of a similar material to that of the auxiliary cleaning apparatus 18 of
Fig. 2. The fur brush 22 is arranged to be rotated in the sense of the arrow. The range of a peripheral speed Vc of the fur brush 22 is advantageously o < Vc < lOVp, but preferably
Vp < Vc < 2Vp, where Vp represents a peripheral speed of the photoconductive drum 1. The toner deposited on the fur brush 22 is displaced from the fur brush 22 by a beating rod 12.
The auxiliary cleaning apparatus 21 is covered by a casing 24 in order to prevent the dislodged toner from being scattered. A part of the dislodged magnetic toner is electrostatically deposited onto the latent electrostatic image formed on the photoconductive drum 1, but the majority of the dislodged magnetic toner is recovered by the development roller 4. The fur brush 22 can be arranged to be rotated in a clockwise sense.
The copying machine shown in Figure 4 employs a two-component developer. The machine has a photoconductive drum I arranged to be rotated in the sense of the arrow, and the copying process involves approximately two revolutions of the photoconductive drum 1 to produce each copy. An auxiliary cleaning apparatus 25 includes an endless belt 26 having multiple resilient fibres, such as vinylon fibres havmg a volume resistivity of not less than 10'3 Q cm. Instead resilient electrically conductive fibres can be used. Three belt rollers 27a, 27b, 27c support the belt 26. The roller 27a biased by a spring 28 to maintain the belt 26 in tension.The roller 27c is arranged for displacement between a first position in which it causes the belt 26 to make contact with the photoconductive drum 1 to a second position where the belt 26 lies out of contact with the photoconductive drum 1.
During the first revolution of the photoconductive drum 1, the roller 27c is located in the second position as indicated in broken lines. In this position the brush portion of the belt 26 lies spaced from the latent electrostatic image. During the second revolution of the photoconductive drum 1, the roller 27c occupies the first position indicated in solid lines. In this position the brush portion of the belt 26 is caused to brush the residual toner deposited on the photoconductive drum 1 and is released from the photoconductive drum 1.
The thus released toner is then removed from the surface of the photoconductive drum 1 by a magnetic roller 31. The magnetic roller 31 has a non-magnetic sleeve 29 and houses a magnet 30. A magnetic brush of a two-component developer consisting of the toner and a magnetic carrier is formed on the nonmagnetic sleeve 29. The toner is removed and recovered from the surface of the photoconductive drum 1 by this magnetic brush. The toner deposited on the belt 26 is beaten and removed by a scraping member 32 located on the opposite side of the belt 26 to the roller 27b. The belt 26 is arranged to be rotated in the sense of the arrow.The toner removed by the scraping member 32 is scattered into an area between the belt 26 and the magnetic roller 31 and so the toner is not scattered from the apparatus but is recovered by the magnetic roller 31.
In the copying machines described the drum-shaped photoconductor can be replaced by an endless belt-shaped photoconductor.
The described cleaning apparatus can be used in machines other than photocopying machines. For example, the apparatus can be employed in an electrostatic recording apparatus of the image transfer type in which a latent electrostatic image is directly formed on a dielectric material by a recording stylus or the like.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A method of cleaning residual magnetic toner from a recording material after the transfer of a toner image from the material, the method comprising the steps of displacing the magnetic toner relative to recording material against the electrostatic attraction of the magnetic toner to the recording material and thereafter removing of the displaced magnetic toner from the recording material with a magnetic brush.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the displacing step is performed using auxiliary cleaning means comprising a resilient member arranged to be moved into and out of contact with said recording material.
3. A metnod of cleaning residual magnetic toner from a recording material after the formation of a toner image on the material by a magnetic brush and the subsequent transfer of the toner image from the recording material comprising the steps displacing the magnetic toner on said recording material relative to said recording material against the electrostatic attraction of the residual magnetic toner to said recording material using auxiliary cleaning means having a volume resistivity of not less than 10'3 Q cm and subsequently removing the displaced toner from the recording material using said magnetic brush.
4. A method according to claim 3, including the step of displacing the auxiliary cleaning means into and out of contact with the recording material.
5. Cleaning apparatus for cleaning residual magnetic toner from a photoconductive material in an electrophotographic copying machine, the apparatus comprising magnetic brush cleaning means for engaging the photoconductive material to remove residual toner therefrom, and auxiliary cleaning means arranged to engage the photoconductive material upstream of the magnetic brush cleaning means to displace residual toner on the material relative to the material.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (24)
1. A method of cleaning residual magnetic toner from a recording material after the transfer of a toner image from the material, the method comprising the steps of displacing the magnetic toner relative to recording material against the electrostatic attraction of the magnetic toner to the recording material and thereafter removing of the displaced magnetic toner from the recording material with a magnetic brush.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the displacing step is performed using auxiliary cleaning means comprising a resilient member arranged to be moved into and out of contact with said recording material.
3. A metnod of cleaning residual magnetic toner from a recording material after the formation of a toner image on the material by a magnetic brush and the subsequent transfer of the toner image from the recording material comprising the steps displacing the magnetic toner on said recording material relative to said recording material against the electrostatic attraction of the residual magnetic toner to said recording material using auxiliary cleaning means having a volume resistivity of not less than 10'3 Q cm and subsequently removing the displaced toner from the recording material using said magnetic brush.
4. A method according to claim 3, including the step of displacing the auxiliary cleaning means into and out of contact with the recording material.
5. Cleaning apparatus for cleaning residual magnetic toner from a photoconductive material in an electrophotographic copying machine, the apparatus comprising magnetic brush cleaning means for engaging the photoconductive material to remove residual toner therefrom, and auxiliary cleaning means arranged to engage the photoconductive material upstream of the magnetic brush cleaning means to displace residual toner on the material relative to the material.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein the magnetic brush cleaning means comprises a magnetic brush formation member for carrying a magnetic brush thereon, means for moving the brush relative to the photoconductive material, and a toner recovery member for controlling the height of the magnetic brush in the magnetic brush formation member.
7. Apparatus according to claim 5 or to claim 6, wherein the auxiliary cleaning means comprises a resilient rotary member.
8. Apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the auxiliary cleaning means includes a toner scraping member for scraping magnetic toner from the resilient rotary member.
9. Apparatus according to claim 7 or to claim 8, wherein the rotary member comprises a cylindrical fur brush.
10. Apparatus according to claim 7 or to claim 8, wherein the rotary member comprises a sponge roller.
11. An electrophotographic copying machine having a photoconductive drum and arranged to produce one copy with every two revolutions of the photoconductive drum, the machine including charging means for forming an electrostatic latent image on the drum during alternate revolutions of the drum, magnetic brush means for carrying a magnetic toner brush arranged to develop the electrostatic image on the drum during alternate revolutions of the drum and to remove residual toner from the drum during intervening revolutions, and auxiliary cleaning means arranged to be moved into contact with the drum during each said intervening revolutions of the drum at a location intermediate the means and the magnetic brush means.
12. A member according to claim 11, wherein the volume resistivity of the portion of said auxiliary cleaning means which makes contact with the photoconductive drum is not less than 10t3 9 cm.
13. A machine according to claim 12, wherein said magnetic brush means comprises a rotary roller housing at least one magnet to form the magnetic brush thereon, and a hopper for supplying the magnetic toner to said roller.
14. A machine according to claim 11 or to claim 13, wherein the auxiliary cleaning means comprises a resilient vibratory member.
15. A machine according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the auxiliary cleaning means comprises a resilient rotary member.
16. A machine according to claim 15, wherein the peripheral speed Vc of the resilient rotary member is arranged to lie in the range of o < Vc < lOVp, where Vp is the peripheral speed of the photoconductive drum.
17. A machine according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the resilient member comprises a fur brush.
18. A machine according to any one of claims 11 to 17, wherein the auxiliary cleaning means includes a toner scraping member for scraping magnetic toner from the said portion.
19. A machine according to claim 11 or to claim 12, wherein the auxiliary cleaning means comprises an endless cleaning belt supported for rotation about at least three rollers, a first one of said three rollers being movable to displace the cleaning belt into and out of contact with the photoconductive drum, and a second one of said three rollers being biased by resilient means to maintain the endless belt taut, and a third one of said three rollers being arranged to urge the belt into contact with a toner scraping member for scraping toner from the belt.
20. A machine according to claim 18, wherein the auxiliary belt has an outer layer covered with electrically conductive fibres.
21. A photocopying machine substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings.
22. A photocopying machine substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Fig. 2 of the accompanying drawings.
23. A photocopying machine substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawings.
24. A photocopying machine substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Fig. 4 of the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6310677A JPS53148440A (en) | 1977-05-30 | 1977-05-30 | Magnetic brush cleaning method and device therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1601495A true GB1601495A (en) | 1981-10-28 |
Family
ID=13219701
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2194378A Expired GB1601495A (en) | 1977-05-30 | 1978-05-24 | Cleaning apparatus |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS53148440A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2823586C3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1601495A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2129372A (en) * | 1982-11-01 | 1984-05-16 | Xerox Corp | Cleaning photoconductors |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS54116237A (en) * | 1978-01-24 | 1979-09-10 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Residual toner removing apparatus |
| JPS5635162A (en) * | 1979-08-31 | 1981-04-07 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Electrostatic recorder |
| US4769676A (en) * | 1986-03-04 | 1988-09-06 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Image forming apparatus including means for removing residual toner |
| JP2996666B2 (en) * | 1989-02-13 | 2000-01-11 | 株式会社東芝 | Image forming device |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3496352A (en) * | 1967-06-05 | 1970-02-17 | Xerox Corp | Self-cleaning corona generating apparatus |
| JPS5079337A (en) * | 1973-11-12 | 1975-06-27 | ||
| DE2507152C3 (en) * | 1975-02-19 | 1978-11-02 | Agfa-Gevaert Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Cleaning device for electrophotographic copiers |
| DE2507151B2 (en) * | 1975-02-19 | 1977-01-27 | Agfa-Gevaert Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | CLEANING DEVICE FOR ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC COPY MACHINES |
-
1977
- 1977-05-30 JP JP6310677A patent/JPS53148440A/en active Pending
-
1978
- 1978-05-24 GB GB2194378A patent/GB1601495A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-05-30 DE DE19782823586 patent/DE2823586C3/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2129372A (en) * | 1982-11-01 | 1984-05-16 | Xerox Corp | Cleaning photoconductors |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS53148440A (en) | 1978-12-25 |
| DE2823586B2 (en) | 1981-04-16 |
| DE2823586C3 (en) | 1982-06-24 |
| DE2823586A1 (en) | 1978-12-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |