US3913722A - Drum printer - Google Patents

Drum printer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3913722A
US3913722A US284297A US28429772A US3913722A US 3913722 A US3913722 A US 3913722A US 284297 A US284297 A US 284297A US 28429772 A US28429772 A US 28429772A US 3913722 A US3913722 A US 3913722A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
drum
carriage
shaft
cylindrical wall
axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US284297A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Raymond Ralph Bowdle
Robert Junior Laybourn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to US284297A priority Critical patent/US3913722A/en
Priority to JP48080546A priority patent/JPS4957920A/ja
Priority to GB3577173A priority patent/GB1395849A/en
Priority to FR7328906*A priority patent/FR2198408A5/fr
Priority to DE19732343141 priority patent/DE2343141A1/de
Publication of USB284297I5 publication Critical patent/USB284297I5/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3913722A publication Critical patent/US3913722A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J9/00Hammer-impression mechanisms
    • B41J9/02Hammers; Arrangements thereof
    • B41J9/04Hammers; Arrangements thereof of single hammers, e.g. travelling along printing line
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J1/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the mounting, arrangement or disposition of the types or dies
    • B41J1/22Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the mounting, arrangement or disposition of the types or dies with types or dies mounted on carriers rotatable for selection
    • B41J1/32Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the mounting, arrangement or disposition of the types or dies with types or dies mounted on carriers rotatable for selection the plane of the type or die face being parallel to the axis of rotation, e.g. with type on the periphery of cylindrical carriers
    • B41J1/44Carriers stationary for impression
    • B41J1/46Types or dies fixed on wheel, drum, cylinder, or like carriers
    • B41J1/50Types or dies fixed on wheel, drum, cylinder, or like carriers with one or more carriers travelling across copy material in letter-space direction

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A high speed printer has a drum with a cylindrical wall of resilient material.
  • a feeding mechanism is provided for operating a printing medium past the periphery of the drum, in contiguity with the type forma tions.
  • Driving means is provided for rotating the drum about the axis of the helical path and at the same time translating the drum longitudinally along the axis so that each type formation passes in substantially continuous succession past each of a plurality of spaced printing positions on the medium.
  • a hammer element is located substantially inside of the drum. This hammer element is movable by the driving means together with the drum when the latter is translated longitudinally along its axis. When the hammer element is selectively actuated against the inside of the cylindrical wall of the drum behind a selected type element, resilient flexing of the cylindrical wall selectively imprints characters on the medium.
  • a typical type of prior art drum printer is structured so that a formation of type elements is arranged in a helical path on the external periphery of the drum and a striking member or hammer acts to compress the medium between a face of the hammer and the type elements on the external drum surface.
  • the drum is commonly driven in such a manner that it rotates about its axis and at the same time also translates longitudinally along the axis so that each type element passes each of the plurality of spaced printing positions of the medium, in substantially continuous succession.
  • drum printers have been provided with radially movable types that are struck by a hammer located inside of a drum.
  • these devices have been considered somewhat bulky, unreliable, and also uneconomical in assembly and material costs. Accordingly, it has been found desirable to provide a low-cost, compact and improved drum printer which overcomes the disadvantages of such known prior art techniques.
  • An important object of this invention is to provide a novel and improved drum printer structured so that it may be very small in size, yet low in cost.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an improved drum printer which uses a drum of resilient material.
  • a further object of our invention is to provide a drum printer having a resilient cylindrical wall for supporting type formations, and a hammer arranged inside of the drum for front printing.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide an improved drum printer wherein the type font is arranged on the drum in a spiral fashion and the drum is capable of continuously scanning a page without escapement.
  • a high-speed drum printer which includes a cup-shaped drum having a cylindrical wall of resilient material. On the external surface of the cylindrical wall of the drum there is arranged a series of type formations. This series is disposed in a helical path on the periphery of the cylindrical wall. Mechanism is provided for feeding the recording medium past the periphery of the cylindrical wall. Driving means is included for continuously rotating the drum about the axis of the helical path and at the same time continuously translating the drum longitudinally along the axis so that each type element passes a plurality of spaced printing positions on the medium, in continuous succession.
  • a pivoted hammer is located with its striking surface inside of the drum.
  • This hammer is supported on a carriage which also rotatably supports the drum so that the hammer may move longitudinally with the drum when the drum is translating longitudinally along its axis.
  • a hammer actuating mechanism is provided for selectively operating the striking surface of the hammer against the inside surface of the cylindrical wall behind a selected type element when a selected type element passes one of the printing positions.
  • the impact of the actuating surface of the hammer upon the inside surface of the resilient cylindrical wall causes resilient flexing of the drum wall against the medium to selectively imprint characters thereon.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a drum printer embodying one form of our invention
  • FIG. 2 is a left end view of the printer of FIG. 1, with the motor, side plate and selective driving mechanism removedto more clearly show the paper feed mechanism, carrier, drum interior, and hammer structures;
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary rear view showing the hammer actuating mechanism and the mode of striking the flexible drum wall;
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show fragments of the cylindrical wall and-type formations thereon to illustrate by comparison the flexure of a formation in response to its actuation by the hammer;
  • FIG. 6 shows a modification of the drum and hammer arrangement for the drum printer of FIG. l,which provides two hammers disposed inside of the resilient drum wall;
  • FIG. 7 illustrates by means of a fragmentary perspective view, the hammer, its supporting structure, and the associated hammer actuating mechanism.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a drum printer 11 for recording characters on paper 13 carried by a feed roll 15.
  • the general arrangement of the drum printer 11 includes a slidable carriage 17 which supports a rotatable and slidable drum 19, together with a printing hammer 2]; a selective driving mechanism 23 for operating the drum l9 and hammer 21 in one direction (i.e., to the right, viewing FIG. 1) across the paper 13; a return mechanism 25 for bringing the drum and hammer back to their starting position on the left side of a page after each line has been printed; and a paper incrementing mechanism 27 for vertically spacing automatically from one to the next line after each line of print has been completed.
  • the selective driving mechanism 23 includes a motor 29 having its output wheel 31 coupled to an emitter wheel 33 by means of driving belt 35.
  • the emitter wheel 33 includes peripheral teeth 37 which correspond in angular relationship to predetermined type characters or elements 39 located on the flexible cylindrical wall 41 of drum 19. More particularly, the emitter 43 preselects the desired tooth 37 of the emitter wheel 33 for each printing position of a line to determine which printing character 39 should be imprinted thereon.
  • the emitter wheel 33 is supported by means of a shaft 45 that has one of its ends rotatably trunnioned in one side plate 47.
  • the other end 49 of the shaft 45 is rotatably trunnioned in the other side plate 51.
  • Shaft 45 is threaded with an acme thread 53 having a pitch of threads per inch.
  • the threads 53 of the shaft 45 are also interrupted during each turn by a keyway slot 55 which runs longitudinally and axially from one end to the other of the peripheral surface of the shaft.
  • a first guiding shaft 57 Directly underneath and parallel to the driving shaft 45, there is located a first guiding shaft 57, which has one of its ends secured to side plate 47 and the other end secured to side plate 51.
  • the slidable carriage 17 is structured so that it includes a generally U-shaped body portion 59 having two upwardly extensive arms. 61 and 63 connected to a bight portion 65. Arm 61 has a lower cylindrical bore 67 for slidable bearing engagement with, the first guide shaft 57, and an upper cylindrical bore 69 for receiving thedrive shaft 45 therethroughpThe other arm 63 includes a lower cylindrical bore 71 for providing bearing cooperation with the first guiding shaft 57, and an upper cylindrical bore 73 for receiving the drive shaft 45 therethrough.
  • an additional guide shaft 75 is extended in parallel relationship to the first guiding shaft 57, between side plates 47 and 51.
  • Shaft 75 receives a lateral bearing arm 77 which extends frontwise (viewing FIG. 1) from the bight portion 65, to provide a partially cylindrical bearing channel 79 for stabilizing the sliding movement of carriage 17.
  • a small electromagnet 81 there is secured to the frontal face of upright 61 of body portion 59, a small electromagnet 81.
  • the electromagnet 81 includes coil 83 which surrounds one arm of a U-shaped core member 85, and a pivoted magnetizable arm 87 which is attracted by the magnet 81 upon energization of the coil 83.
  • Attached to the arm 87 is a small shaft 89 that is rotatably supported in a pair of opposed apertures 91 located at the top of upright arm 61.
  • the shaft 89 has secured thereto a tongue 93 which is pivotally movable with both shaft 89 as well as its attached magnetizable arm 87.
  • Tongue 93 is normally acted upon by a spring 95 so that its free end 97 is disposed upwardly and away from the threads 53 of shaft 45.
  • the free end 97 of tongue 93 has integrally formed thereon a series of arcuate projections 99.
  • the projections 99 serve as a half nut in cooperation with the thread 53 of shaft 45.
  • Coupler 101 On upright arm 63 of carriage body portion 59, there is disposed a pivoted coupler 101 arranged for rotation on pivot pin 103, to lock the drum 19 at the desired longitudinal position on carriage 17.
  • Coupler 101 has an arcuate surface 105 which engages an annular recess 107 formed in hub 109 of the drum 19.
  • the drum 19 includes the aforemen tioned flexible cylindrical wall 41.
  • Wall 41 has an annular internal groove which snaps into cooperation with an apertured metal disk 113 (FIG. 2).
  • the disk 113 is preferably integral with the hub 109. It is considered advantageous that the annular groove of the drum .119
  • Hub 113 has a key 114 (FIG. 2) formed thereon for drivably coupling drum 19 to keyway slot 55 of drive shaft 45.
  • the type elements 39 are arranged in spiral fashion,
  • tuating mechanism 115 involves a core member .117
  • the core member 117 is secured to the U-shaped body portion 59 by means of a non-magnetic plate 123 and screws 125.
  • Plate 123 helps to support a magnetizable actuator 127 which is pivoted thereto by pin 129.
  • the corner area 139 of hammer 21 has a 2 suitable aperture (not shown) to receive a bearing pin 140 which extends through two opposite horizontally extensivesides of the upright section .137 and is secured thereto.
  • Hammer 21 is rotatable aboutits bear- I ing pin so that its actuating head 141 impacts on the inside surface of the cylindrical wall 41 opposite the type 39 (FIG/1) to compress these element into engage.- ment with the printing medium (e.g., paper 13).
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 there are shown two views to illustrate the manner in which the actuating head 141.
  • FIG. 4 shows theactuating head 141 in its inactive position, in radial alignment with one of the printing characters 39. For this position, the head 141 is disposed radially inwardly and spaced apart from the aligned printing character 39.
  • FIG. 5 shows the head 141 after it has engaged theresilient wall behind the aligned printing character 39.
  • the hammer 1 21 translates longitudinally with the drum. and is always in the proper printing position. Such an arrangement is very compact and leads to significant advantages in front printing.
  • the pivoted coupler 101 engages annular recess 107 of hub 109 of the drum 19' to normally retain it into coupled engagement with the slidable carriae 17.
  • the arcuate portion 105 of the pivoted coupler is moved out of engagement with the circular recess 107 to disengage the drum 19.
  • the drum may then be slid longitudinally along shaft 45 for appropriate removal from the printer 11, such as by first detaching side plate 51.
  • the return mechanism 25 comprises a cord 143 which is secured to carriage body 59 by means of screw 144.
  • Cord 143 is extended around peripheral sections of the rotatable pully wheels 145 and 147.
  • the end of the cord 143 opposite screw 144 is biased by spring 149, which is connected by link 150 to the side plate 51, so that the carriage 17 is normally urged to its left or return position.
  • spring 149 exerts a pulling type biasing force on cord 143 which causes the carriage to return'to its initial starting position, to the left of the page.
  • the mechanism 27 includes an elongated actuator 151, a connecting rod 153 adjustably linked to the actuator 151 by a threaded nut 155, a rotatable rocker arm 157 coupled to the rod 153 at its bifurcated end 153a, a biasing spring 159 for normally urging the rocker arm 157 in a clockwise direction of rotation (viewing FIG. 2), and a ratchet wheel 161 drivably associated with a pawl 163, pivotally attached to the rocker arm 157 by pin 164.
  • the elongated actuator 151 has a ball-shaped end 165 which is acted upon by shoulder 167 located on the bottom of the slidable carriage 17.
  • the supported end 169 of actuator 151 is bent over twice to provide a pair of arms 169a having aligned bearing apertures 17] (FIG. 1).
  • the bearing apertures 171 receive a cylindrical pin 173 secured to a suitable support 174 so that the actuator 151 is rotatable about a vertical axis with the ball-shaped end 165 movable in the same general direction as the longitudinal axis of shaft 45.
  • an extension 175 that is pivotally connected to the threaded nut 155.
  • Nut 155 is in adjustable engagement with a threaded end of connecting rod 153.
  • the other end 153a of the connecting rod 153 is pivotally supported by means of a shaft 177 having its longitudinal axis in a horizontal direction.
  • Shaft 177 also pivotally supports the ratchet wheel 161.
  • the bottom end 179 of rocker arm 157 is connected to one end of the spring 159.
  • the other end of the spring 159 is secured to the support 174. Spring 159 acts upon. the rocker arm 157 to bias it in a clockwise direction of rotation (viewing FIG. 2).
  • the pawl 163 is pivotally linked to the other and opposite end of the rocker arm 157 from the end 179. Pawl 163 is gravity operated so that whenever the ratchet wheel rotates in a counterclockwise direction the driving end 183 of pawl 163 first allows the ratchet wheel 161 to rotate and then seats its sharp end in the next consecutive tooth.
  • the shaft 177 is elongated and connected to a series of spaced apart driving spools (not shown) to drive the medium 13 and thereby progress flexible material therefrom one line space for each tooth of rotation of the ratchet wheel.
  • modular feed rolls may be provided with the printer 11.
  • modular feed rolls may be provided with the printer 11.
  • handlingpaper material such as that shown in feed
  • the printing device 11 may also be interchangeably used for print cards suitably fed toward the rear or drum 19. I
  • Such a printer may also be utilized with two or more hammers advantageously located inside of,the drum.
  • An example of this particular type of printer is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the structure of drum 19 and its flexible cylindrical wall 41 are essentially the same as for the main embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
  • the slidable carriage 217 is different, in that it is guided by first and second shafts 257 and 275 which are in vertical alignment instead of horizontal alignment;
  • the shafts 257 and 275 are in slidable cooperation with apertures 267 and 279, respectively, the latter of which resembles an open ended slot like slot 79 of the FIG. 1 embodiment.
  • each of the two diametrically opposed hammers might be operable by separate and discrete actuating mechanisms so that one hammer might be printing on paper while the other is printing at the same time on ajournal or on tape, as shown by the dash lines of FIG. 6.
  • a high speed printer for recording characters on a medium comprising:
  • a rotatable drum having a cylindrical wall of resilient material
  • a striking member located at least partially inside of said drum and movable by said driving means together with said drum in a longitudinal direction when said drum is translating longitudinally along said axis
  • said driving means comprising:
  • said shaft having a series of threads formed on its periphery and a longitudinal slot formed on the periphery of said shaft in parallel relationship with the axis of rotation of said shaft,
  • said drum including in addition to its cylindrical wall a hub, and
  • the high speed printer of claim 2 wherein the carriage further includes two guiding channels, each of said guiding channels receiving a relatively fixed associ ated guiding shaft for guiding and stabilizing the carriage during driven movement thereof in response to energization of said motor.
  • a spring biased cord is operable between one side of said carriage and a fixed support to return the printing carriage to its starting position after a page has been printed 5.
  • theselective actuating mechanism for the striking member includes a pivoted arm supported by the carriage, said arm having a slot therein for supporting saidstriking printing function, the other end of said striking member being positioned on the carriage for selective actuation by a magnetizable member supported by said carriage.

Landscapes

  • Character Spaces And Line Spaces In Printers (AREA)
  • Accessory Devices And Overall Control Thereof (AREA)
US284297A 1972-08-28 1972-08-28 Drum printer Expired - Lifetime US3913722A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US284297A US3913722A (en) 1972-08-28 1972-08-28 Drum printer
JP48080546A JPS4957920A (ja) 1972-08-28 1973-07-19
GB3577173A GB1395849A (en) 1972-08-28 1973-07-26 Printer
FR7328906*A FR2198408A5 (ja) 1972-08-28 1973-07-30
DE19732343141 DE2343141A1 (de) 1972-08-28 1973-08-27 Drucker mit auf einer rotierenden trommel entlang einer schraubenlinie angeordneten typen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US284297A US3913722A (en) 1972-08-28 1972-08-28 Drum printer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
USB284297I5 USB284297I5 (ja) 1975-01-28
US3913722A true US3913722A (en) 1975-10-21

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ID=23089649

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US284297A Expired - Lifetime US3913722A (en) 1972-08-28 1972-08-28 Drum printer

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3913722A (ja)
JP (1) JPS4957920A (ja)
DE (1) DE2343141A1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2198408A5 (ja)
GB (1) GB1395849A (ja)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4096934A (en) * 1975-10-15 1978-06-27 Philip George Kirmser Method and apparatus for reproducing desired ideographs
US4138942A (en) * 1977-08-02 1979-02-13 Sperry Rand Corporation Printing device for printing on a continuously moving form
US4345846A (en) * 1980-10-03 1982-08-24 International Business Machines Corporation Impact printer with dual helix character print elements
US4414893A (en) * 1979-08-20 1983-11-15 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Serial printer
US4449835A (en) * 1981-05-07 1984-05-22 Epson Corporation Printing device
US4504159A (en) * 1981-11-09 1985-03-12 Canon Denshi Kabushiki Kaisha Compact serial printer with rack plate drive for type belt drum
US20030227503A1 (en) * 2001-10-25 2003-12-11 Klausbruckner Michael J. Printhead service station

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS539622A (en) * 1976-07-15 1978-01-28 Alps Electric Co Ltd Printer
JPS5753363A (en) * 1980-09-17 1982-03-30 Canon Inc Printer

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2843243A (en) * 1955-08-09 1958-07-15 Sperry Rand Corp Printing device
US2958568A (en) * 1956-01-27 1960-11-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Permanent magnet code recording system
US3295652A (en) * 1964-03-25 1967-01-03 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Type drum selector using sliding plates
US3326346A (en) * 1965-10-20 1967-06-20 Sasaki Rentaro Type drum printer with hammer mounted inside of and coaxial with drum
US3378127A (en) * 1966-08-29 1968-04-16 Clary Corp Data printer with flexible print wheel
US3384216A (en) * 1966-12-05 1968-05-21 Friden Inc Resiliently mounted font wheel
US3408930A (en) * 1966-05-31 1968-11-05 Friden Inc High-speed printing with continuously moving carriage
US3415184A (en) * 1966-04-12 1968-12-10 Olivetti & Co Spa High speed serial printing device for teleprinters, accounting machines and data processing equipments
US3589494A (en) * 1968-04-23 1971-06-29 Paul F Gloess Keyboard printer with continuously rotating type member
GB1239360A (ja) * 1969-03-20 1971-07-14
US3651914A (en) * 1971-01-22 1972-03-28 Sperry Rand Corp Asynchronous printer
US3651916A (en) * 1968-01-29 1972-03-28 C Olivetti C & C Spa Ing Printing device with interchangeable printing members
US3717234A (en) * 1969-10-14 1973-02-20 Siemens Ag Carrier for type carriers for high speed printing device

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2843243A (en) * 1955-08-09 1958-07-15 Sperry Rand Corp Printing device
US2958568A (en) * 1956-01-27 1960-11-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Permanent magnet code recording system
US3295652A (en) * 1964-03-25 1967-01-03 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Type drum selector using sliding plates
US3326346A (en) * 1965-10-20 1967-06-20 Sasaki Rentaro Type drum printer with hammer mounted inside of and coaxial with drum
US3415184A (en) * 1966-04-12 1968-12-10 Olivetti & Co Spa High speed serial printing device for teleprinters, accounting machines and data processing equipments
US3408930A (en) * 1966-05-31 1968-11-05 Friden Inc High-speed printing with continuously moving carriage
US3378127A (en) * 1966-08-29 1968-04-16 Clary Corp Data printer with flexible print wheel
US3384216A (en) * 1966-12-05 1968-05-21 Friden Inc Resiliently mounted font wheel
US3651916A (en) * 1968-01-29 1972-03-28 C Olivetti C & C Spa Ing Printing device with interchangeable printing members
US3589494A (en) * 1968-04-23 1971-06-29 Paul F Gloess Keyboard printer with continuously rotating type member
GB1239360A (ja) * 1969-03-20 1971-07-14
US3717234A (en) * 1969-10-14 1973-02-20 Siemens Ag Carrier for type carriers for high speed printing device
US3651914A (en) * 1971-01-22 1972-03-28 Sperry Rand Corp Asynchronous printer

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4096934A (en) * 1975-10-15 1978-06-27 Philip George Kirmser Method and apparatus for reproducing desired ideographs
US4138942A (en) * 1977-08-02 1979-02-13 Sperry Rand Corporation Printing device for printing on a continuously moving form
US4414893A (en) * 1979-08-20 1983-11-15 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Serial printer
US4345846A (en) * 1980-10-03 1982-08-24 International Business Machines Corporation Impact printer with dual helix character print elements
US4449835A (en) * 1981-05-07 1984-05-22 Epson Corporation Printing device
US4504159A (en) * 1981-11-09 1985-03-12 Canon Denshi Kabushiki Kaisha Compact serial printer with rack plate drive for type belt drum
US20030227503A1 (en) * 2001-10-25 2003-12-11 Klausbruckner Michael J. Printhead service station
US6663215B2 (en) 2001-10-25 2003-12-16 Hewlett-Packard Company, L.P. Printhead service station
US6880912B2 (en) 2001-10-25 2005-04-19 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Printhead service station

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2343141A1 (de) 1974-03-14
GB1395849A (en) 1975-05-29
FR2198408A5 (ja) 1974-03-29
JPS4957920A (ja) 1974-06-05
USB284297I5 (ja) 1975-01-28

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