US3912640A - Gas turbine lubricants - Google Patents

Gas turbine lubricants Download PDF

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Publication number
US3912640A
US3912640A US278519A US27851972A US3912640A US 3912640 A US3912640 A US 3912640A US 278519 A US278519 A US 278519A US 27851972 A US27851972 A US 27851972A US 3912640 A US3912640 A US 3912640A
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United States
Prior art keywords
base stock
isophthalate
gas turbine
ester
nil
Prior art date
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US278519A
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English (en)
Inventor
Sr Joseph F Anzenberger
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Akzo America Inc
Original Assignee
Stauffer Chemical Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Stauffer Chemical Co filed Critical Stauffer Chemical Co
Priority to US278519A priority Critical patent/US3912640A/en
Priority to CA175,763A priority patent/CA1021315A/en
Priority to GB3396173A priority patent/GB1413728A/en
Priority to JP48084227A priority patent/JPS4945912A/ja
Priority to DE19732338934 priority patent/DE2338934A1/de
Priority to FR7328306A priority patent/FR2195673B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3912640A publication Critical patent/US3912640A/en
Assigned to AKZO AMERICA INC., A CORP. OF DE reassignment AKZO AMERICA INC., A CORP. OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: STAUFFER CHEMICAL COMPANY
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
    • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/026—Butene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/024—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having at least two phenol groups but no condensed ring
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    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
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    • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
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    • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/123—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms polycarboxylic
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    • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
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    • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
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    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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    • C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
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    • C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
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    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
    • C10N2040/13—Aircraft turbines

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A gas turbine lubricant having excellent high temperature stability and additive compatibility can be formulated by employing, as a base stock, a blend of a carboxylate ester, and a low viscosity mineral oil.
  • Synthetic ester lubricants have replaced common lubricating oils, such as mineral oils, in many functional fluid applications due to their superior oxidative, thermal and volatility characteristics under service conditions. This is particularly true in the field of automotive, marine and stationary gas turbine lubricants where the operating conditions are extremely severe. Suitable gas turbine lubricants must exhibit a high degree of fluidity at low temperatures, and low volatility and sufficient lubricity at high temperatures. Thus, gas turbine lubricants should have a viscosity of less than about 20,000 centistokes at 25 F., less than about 2,000 centistokes at F.
  • a flat viscosity temperature curve i.e., a high viscosity index
  • Other essential properties which a gas turbine lubricant must possess include load carrying ability, hydrolytic and oxidative stability, low wear and anti-corrosion characteristics, additive compatibility, and seal compatibility. It is also desirable that these lubricants be relatively inexpensive in order to be commercially attractive for industrial use.
  • the base stock material itself must, in the first instance, possess viscosities which are sufficiently close to the viscosity requirements of that particular application as to be within the correctable range of V.l. improver and, secondly, they must be compatible with the V.l. improver.
  • V.l. viscosity index
  • base stocks having the proper viscosity-temperature characteristics without the addition of V.I. improvers would be particularly preferred.
  • the base stock should be sufficiently responsive to the antioxidants commonly employed in turbine lubricants to give fluids capable of withstanding the high temperatures encountered in modern gas turbines without acid buildup, viscosity change or coke formation.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide gas turbine lubricant base stocks which have excellent low and high temperature viscosities, which are combinable with known antioxidants to yield fluids of exceptional thermal and oxidative stability, and which are relatively inexpensive to produce.
  • carboxylate ester is meant to designate those esters selected from the group consisting of the diesters of aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids and monohydric alcohols, and the monocarboxylic acid esters of dihydric or polyhydric alcohols.
  • the monocarboxylic acid has from 2 to 20 and, preferably, 4 to 12 carbon atoms. Mixtures of these esters can also be used.
  • R and R are the same or different and are primary or secondary alkyl groups having from 4 to carbon atoms, and preferably, from 6 to 13 carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl groups can be derived from primary or secondary alcohols and can be straight or branched chain.
  • the diesters can be made from pure isophthalic acid or prepared from a crude commercial grade of isophthalic acid, i.e., containing up to about 15 percent by weight of a terphthalic acid.
  • alkyl radicals R and R are the following: normal butyl, isobutyl, secondary butyl, normal amyl, isoamyl, 2-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethyl propyl, 1- methyl butyl, l,2-dimethyl propyl, normal hexyl, 1- methylamyl, Z-ethyl butyl, 1,2,2-trimethyl propyl, 3,3- dimethyl butyl, Z-methyl amyl, l-ethyl Z-methyl propyl, 1,3-dimethyl butyl, isohexyl, 3-methylamyl, 2-ethyl butyl, normal heptyl, 1,2,3-trimethyl propyl, 1,2,2- trimethyl butyl, l-isopropyl 2-methyl propyl, l-methyl 2-ethyl butyl, 2-methyl hexyl, l-isopropyl butyl, l-ethyl 3-methyl
  • improved base stocks having excellent viscosity, additive compatibility and oxidative and thermal stability characteristics can be formulated by substituting an adipate ester for a portion of the preferred isophthalate ester 'in the base stocks disclosedabove. These materials exhibit excellent low temperature viscosity characteristics. Thus, up to about 20% by weight of the isophthalate can be replaced with an adipate ester derived from the esterifi- Cation of adipic acid with a C C alkanol or mixture of C -C alkanols.
  • another preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises gas turbine lubricant base stocks containing a blend of an isophthalate ester of a C C alcohol, an adipate ester of a C -C1" alcohol and a low viscosity mineral oil. While the adipates can be used in combination with any of the isophthalates discussed above, they are most beneficially used with isophthalates having relatively high viscosities.
  • base stocks formulated with a mineral oil and a combination of di-Z-ethylhexyl isophthalate and a mixed octyl decyl adipate are significantly better in low temperature viscosity properties than are the base stocks formulated from the same mineral oil and di-Z-ethylhexyl isophthalate alone.
  • R is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl and and each of R R R and R are branched or straight chained alkyl groups having from 3 to l 1 carbon atoms.
  • R R R and R are branched or straight chained alkyl groups having from 3 to l 1 carbon atoms.
  • phenothiazine or a derivative of phenothiazine and (b) a secondary diaryl amine.
  • derivative of phenothiazine is meant to designate N-alkyl phenothiazines and the monoand dialkyl substituted derivatives of both phenothiazine and the N-alkyl phenothiazines wherein the alk yl groups have from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • Illustrative of these derivatives of phenothiazine are N-ethyl phenothiazine, dioctyl phenothiazine and N-ethyl dioctyl phenothiazine.
  • a particularly preferred ternary antioxidant combination comprises (a) 0.52% by weight of N-ethyl dioctyl phenothiazine, (b) 0.5-2% by weight of p,p-dioctyl diphenyl amine and (c) 0.1 to 2% by weight of 4,4'-methylene bis(2,6-di-t-butyl phenol).
  • any of the well known V.l. improvers such as the polymers and copolymers of esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid with C -C alcohols can be blended with the base stocks of the present invention with little or no phase separation.
  • These acrylates and methacrylates normally have a molecular weight in the range of from about 4,000 to about 20,000. Typical of these acrylates and methacrylates are those sold commercially under the trademark Acryloid by Rohm and Haas. Other V.l.
  • improvers which can be employed with the base stocks of the present invention include polyalkylene glycols, high molecular weight polyesters, high molecular weight polyalkanes, such as poly-n-decane, polyolefins, such as the polyisobutylenes, and copolymers of styrene with the above described acrylates and methacrylates all of which are well known in the art. While these V.l. improvers can be employed in amounts up to about by weight of the final formulation, one of the particular advantages of the base stocks of the present invention resides in the fact that they require little, if any, V.l. improver to bring them within the ranges established for gas turbine applications. Thus, while petroleum oils normally require 5 to by weight of the final formulation of a V.l. improver to meet gas turbine specifications, the base stocks of the present invention normally use less than 5% and preferably less than 2.5% V.l. improver and still meet gas turbine specifications.
  • Lubricants containing the base stock of the present invention can also contain any of the well known metal salts deactivators such as benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, N,N'- disalicylidenedialkyl amines and sebacic acid. Particularly preferred for the present invention are benzotriazole and sebacic acid. These additives are normally added in amounts from about 0.005 to about 1.0% by weight of the entire formulation.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Viscosity (centistokes) at 210 F. 5.80 at 100 F. 31.39 at 0 F. 1,017 Viscosity Index 141
  • EXAMPLE 2 parts by weight of a mixed ester of isophthalic acid and a commercially available mixture of a C C straight chained alkanols having 24.5% C 38% C 32.5% C and 0.75% C alkanol content is blended with 50 parts by weight of Oil E of Table l.
  • the resultant blend has the following viscosity characteristics:
  • Viscosity (centistokes) at 210 F. 5.05 at 100 F. 29.68 Viscosity Index 106
  • Viscosity characteristics for a representative samted to Corrosion and Oxidation Stability Test FSTM pling of the gas turbine lubricants of Table 3 are given 791B at 347 F. for 72 hours with an air flow rate of 5.0 m Table 4. Certain of the fluids of Table 3 are submitliters air/hours. The results are contained in Table 5.
  • Example 130 14 16 17 19 21 iscosity ange 8.0 9.1 7.1 11.01 12.2 13.
  • Table 4 demonstrates that each of the fluids tested, with the exception of Examples 12 and 13, meet the normal viscosity requirements for gas turbine lubricants.
  • Exam- EXAMPLES 22-31 A series of gas turbine lubricants which do not conples 12 and 13, the 210 F. viscosities of these materials tain a viscosity index improver are formulated accord can readily be adjusted to above 5 centistokes by incoring to Table 7.
  • R and R are each a primary or secondary alkyl group having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms and (ii) an adipate ester derived from the esterification of adipic acid with C -C alkanols, wherein the combination of esters are present in lubricating amounts and the isothalate ester consists of at least 80% by weight of the combination; and
  • adipate diester is derived from the esterification of adipic acid and an 80:20 molar mixture of isooctanol and isodecanol.
  • the base stock of claim 1 wherein said isophthalate ester is selected from the group consisting of di-2- ethylhexyl isophthalate, diisooctyl isophthalate, isooctyl isodecyl isophthalate, 2-ethylhexyl isodecyl isophthalate, diisodecyl isophthalate, and the ester of isophthalic and mixtures of C C straight chained alkanols.
  • a gas turbine lubricant comprising the base stock of claim 1 and up to 5% by weight of the lubricant of a viscosity index improver.
  • a gas turbine lubricant consisting essentially of the base stock of claim 1 and an oxidation inhibiting amount of a combination of (a) phenothiazine or derivative of phenothiazine and (b) a secondary diaryl amine.
  • the gas turbine lubricant of claim 10 which additionally contains an oxidation inhibiting amount of a methylene-linked hindered bisphenol.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
US278519A 1972-08-07 1972-08-07 Gas turbine lubricants Expired - Lifetime US3912640A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US278519A US3912640A (en) 1972-08-07 1972-08-07 Gas turbine lubricants
CA175,763A CA1021315A (en) 1972-08-07 1973-07-05 Gas turbine lubricants
GB3396173A GB1413728A (en) 1972-08-07 1973-07-17 Gas turbine lubricants
JP48084227A JPS4945912A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-08-07 1973-07-27
DE19732338934 DE2338934A1 (de) 1972-08-07 1973-08-01 Grundoel fuer gasturbinen-schmiermittel
FR7328306A FR2195673B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-08-07 1973-08-02

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JP (1) JPS4945912A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1021315A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2338934A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2195673B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1413728A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4036771A (en) * 1975-04-16 1977-07-19 Institut Francais Du Petrole Lubricating bases for multigrade oils
US4111821A (en) * 1972-02-07 1978-09-05 Tenneco Chemicals, Inc. Lubricants for reciprocating compressors for oxygen-free gases
US4517105A (en) * 1983-03-07 1985-05-14 Aluminum Company Of America Metalworking lubricant composition containing a novel substituted malonic acid diester
US5288432A (en) * 1985-12-20 1994-02-22 Akzo America Inc. High temperature synthetic lubricants and related engine lubricating systems
US5366648A (en) * 1990-02-23 1994-11-22 The Lubrizol Corporation Functional fluids useful at high temperatures
EP0899324A1 (en) * 1997-08-26 1999-03-03 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Corrosion inhibiting additive combination for turbine oils
US6043199A (en) * 1997-08-26 2000-03-28 Exxon Research And Engineering Co. Corrosion inhibiting additive combination for turbine oils
US20040192563A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2004-09-30 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Lubricant containing a synergistic combination of rust inhibitors, antiwear agents, and a phenothiazine antioxidant
US7217683B1 (en) 2001-09-05 2007-05-15 Blanski Rusty L Lubrication via nanoscopic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes
US20090042753A1 (en) * 2007-08-10 2009-02-12 Marc-Andre Poirier Method for enhancing the oxidation and nitration resistance of natural gas engine oil compositions and such compositions
US20100048437A1 (en) * 2006-10-23 2010-02-25 Brown Jason R Antiwear Agent and Lubricating Composition Thereof

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2657088B1 (fr) * 1990-01-15 1994-04-15 Bp France Huile lubrifiante hydro-synthetique.
JP3941150B2 (ja) * 1997-03-07 2007-07-04 新日本理化株式会社 エンジン油組成物
CN103391991A (zh) * 2011-01-31 2013-11-13 罗地亚管理公司 含有二元酯的液压流体以及使用方法

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US2936320A (en) * 1957-06-24 1960-05-10 California Research Corp Diesters of mixed aromatic dibasic acids
US2944086A (en) * 1955-09-23 1960-07-05 Ethyl Corp 1, 1-bis(3, 5-dialkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) methanes
US3236774A (en) * 1962-08-10 1966-02-22 Eastman Kodak Co Antioxidant composition and synthetic lubricant containing it
US3337457A (en) * 1964-02-11 1967-08-22 Exxon Research Engineering Co Crankcase lubricants comprising a mineral and synthetic ester oil blend
US3376224A (en) * 1963-05-24 1968-04-02 Castrol Ltd Lubricating compositions and antioxidants therefor

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BE545422A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1955-02-22
DE1594630A1 (de) * 1964-07-30 1970-10-01 Technochemie Gmbh Schmiermittel

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US2944086A (en) * 1955-09-23 1960-07-05 Ethyl Corp 1, 1-bis(3, 5-dialkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) methanes
US2936320A (en) * 1957-06-24 1960-05-10 California Research Corp Diesters of mixed aromatic dibasic acids
US3236774A (en) * 1962-08-10 1966-02-22 Eastman Kodak Co Antioxidant composition and synthetic lubricant containing it
US3376224A (en) * 1963-05-24 1968-04-02 Castrol Ltd Lubricating compositions and antioxidants therefor
US3337457A (en) * 1964-02-11 1967-08-22 Exxon Research Engineering Co Crankcase lubricants comprising a mineral and synthetic ester oil blend

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4111821A (en) * 1972-02-07 1978-09-05 Tenneco Chemicals, Inc. Lubricants for reciprocating compressors for oxygen-free gases
US4036771A (en) * 1975-04-16 1977-07-19 Institut Francais Du Petrole Lubricating bases for multigrade oils
US4517105A (en) * 1983-03-07 1985-05-14 Aluminum Company Of America Metalworking lubricant composition containing a novel substituted malonic acid diester
US5288432A (en) * 1985-12-20 1994-02-22 Akzo America Inc. High temperature synthetic lubricants and related engine lubricating systems
US5366648A (en) * 1990-02-23 1994-11-22 The Lubrizol Corporation Functional fluids useful at high temperatures
EP0899324A1 (en) * 1997-08-26 1999-03-03 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Corrosion inhibiting additive combination for turbine oils
US6043199A (en) * 1997-08-26 2000-03-28 Exxon Research And Engineering Co. Corrosion inhibiting additive combination for turbine oils
US7217683B1 (en) 2001-09-05 2007-05-15 Blanski Rusty L Lubrication via nanoscopic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes
WO2004087848A3 (en) * 2003-03-28 2005-01-13 Exxonmobil Res & Eng Co A lubricant containing a synergistic combination of rust inhibitors, antiwear agents, and a phenothiazine antioxidant
US7176168B2 (en) 2003-03-28 2007-02-13 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Lubricant containing a synergistic combination of rust inhibitors, antiwear agents, and a phenothiazine antioxidant
US20040192563A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2004-09-30 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Lubricant containing a synergistic combination of rust inhibitors, antiwear agents, and a phenothiazine antioxidant
US20100048437A1 (en) * 2006-10-23 2010-02-25 Brown Jason R Antiwear Agent and Lubricating Composition Thereof
US8304374B2 (en) * 2006-10-23 2012-11-06 The Lubrizol Corporation Antiwear agent and lubricating composition thereof
US20090042753A1 (en) * 2007-08-10 2009-02-12 Marc-Andre Poirier Method for enhancing the oxidation and nitration resistance of natural gas engine oil compositions and such compositions
WO2009023151A3 (en) * 2007-08-10 2009-05-14 Exxonmobil Res & Eng Co Method for enhancing the oxidation and nitration resistance of natural gas engine oil compositions and such compositions
US8383563B2 (en) * 2007-08-10 2013-02-26 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Method for enhancing the oxidation and nitration resistance of natural gas engine oil compositions and such compositions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1021315A (en) 1977-11-22
FR2195673B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-02-25
FR2195673A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-03-08
GB1413728A (en) 1975-11-12
JPS4945912A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-05-02
DE2338934A1 (de) 1974-02-28

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