US3909814A - Detecting and control method and apparatus - Google Patents

Detecting and control method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3909814A
US3909814A US378347A US37834773A US3909814A US 3909814 A US3909814 A US 3909814A US 378347 A US378347 A US 378347A US 37834773 A US37834773 A US 37834773A US 3909814 A US3909814 A US 3909814A
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Prior art keywords
response
operable
change
physical phenomena
sensor
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Expired - Lifetime
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US378347A
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English (en)
Inventor
Yoshihiro Eguchi
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Hochiki Corp
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Hochiki Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/06—Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/04—Hydraulic or pneumatic actuation of the alarm, e.g. by change of fluid pressure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • Jordan 5 7 ABSTRACT A method and apparatus are provided for detecting changes in physical phenomena and for subsequently controlling response devices in accordance with such detected changes.
  • a sensor responsive to changes in physical phenomena such as temperature, pressure, density and the like caused, for example, during the occurence and progress of a fire, is operable to sense such changes in physical phenomena during different stages of progress and to sequentially actuate and control the operation of various response devices dcpending on the stage of progressive change of the physical phenomena.
  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus detecting the occurrence of physical phenomena and for controlling the actuation of response devices according to the detected physical phenomena by using a single sensor device having a plurality of actuating points.
  • a variety of mechanisms or response devices may be provided which are operable in response to sensing actions of fire sensors according to particular stages of a spreading fire as sensed by such respective sensors. Assuming, for example, that a response device A is to be activated in the initial stage of a fire and another response device B is to be activated at a stage at which the fire has spread further. Two sensors, one having a higher sensitivity and the other having a lower sensitivity are required in order to control activation of both response devices sequentially. That is, the sensor having the higher sensitivity is used to activate and control the response device A and the sensor having the lower sensitivity is used to activate and control the response device B. Accordingly, since a plurality of response devices should be used for a corresponding number of objects, and hence substantially the same number of sensors are required, the necessity of having to provide such plurality of sensors becomes very expensive.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for detecting changes in physical phenomena caused for example by the occurrence and progressive advancement of a fire and to sequentially actuate and control various response devices according to the progressive advancement of the fire.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus which may be used for detecting fires and the like.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive device or sensor for detecting Changes in a physical phenomena.
  • a smoke detector or sensor may be provided which is operable to transmit a signal to a receiver when the detector or sensor senses a small amount of smoke to visually indicate on a display'window of the receiver the position or location where the detector or sensor is installed and to actuate an emergency alarm device along with a first group of response devices such as emergency doors and the like to be opened.
  • a first group of response devices such as emergency doors and the like to be opened.
  • a second group of response devices such as fire-doors, smoke-exhausting devices, smoke-blocking curtain walls, fire extinguishing apparatus and the like are actuated.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically the construction of a preferred embodiment of a thermally responsive sensor suitable for use in the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is similar to FIG. 1, showing another embodiment of a thermally responsive sensor
  • FIG. 3 is a further embodiment showing a pressureresponsive sensor suitable for use in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present alarm showing a control device which utilizes any of the sensors shown in FIGS. 1 to 3
  • FIG. 5 is an embodiment of an alternate embodiment which utilizes a sensor of the ionization type which is responsive to changes in smoke density;
  • FIG. 6 is still another embodiment of the present device using the same sensor as that used in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 1 to 3 show fire sensors of the temperature responsive type which are suitable for use in the present invention.
  • a bimetal strip 1 and an electrically conductive resilient strip 2 are each supported at one end thereof by a support 3 made of insulating material.
  • electric contacts 4 and 5 are provided on the opposite ends of the bimetal strip 1 and the resilient strip 2 there are provided electric contacts 4 and 5 respectively which face each other.
  • Another fixed contact 6 is provided which also faces the contact 5.
  • Reference numeral 7 denotes a sensor casing or housing in which the bimetal strip 1 and resilient strip 2 are housed.
  • the bimetal strip 1 starts to bend upwardly when the ambient or surrounding temperature is raised, for example due to a fire in the surrounding area.
  • the contact 4 of the bimetal strip 1 electrically contacts the contact 5 on the resilient strip 2 so that a circuit is completed between terminals t, to t which are connected to the bimetal strip 1 and the resilient strip 2 respectively.
  • the bimetal strip 1 bends upwardly to a larger extent, until the resilient strip 2 is ultimately urged upwardly to a position in which the contact 5 on the resilient strip 2 contacts the fixed contact 6 to thereby close a circuit between the terminal t and a terminal connected to the resilient strip 2 and fixed contact 6 respectively.
  • FIG. 2 shows a sensor similar to that shown in FIG. 1 except that a pair of bimetal switch units are utilized instead of a single bimetal switch unit as in the case of FIG. 1.
  • a pair of bimetal strips 10 and 11 are provided and each bimetal strip 10, 11 has a different response to temperature change.
  • support strips 12 and 13 having contacts 16 and 17 which cooperate with contacts 14 and 15 provided on the bimetal strips 10 and 11 respectively.
  • the support strips Hand 13 in FIG. 2 correspond to the resilient strip 2 in FIG. 1.
  • the support strips 12, 13 may not always be made of a resilient material.
  • the contacts 14 and 16 first come into contact with each other and, as the temperature rises further the contacts 15 and 16 then come into contact with each other to thereby sequentially first close a circuit between the terminals t and t and then subsequently to close a circuit between terminals t and t and vice versa.
  • FIG. 3 shows a sensor employing a diaphragm 21.
  • the diaphragm 21 is electrically conductive and is provided with a contact 23 thereon and a gas leakage orifice 22.
  • the internal space of the sensor casing 7 is divided by the electrically conductive diaphragm 21 into two chambers 7a and 7b and under normal conditions, the pressure in both chambers 7a, 7b is maintained at an equal pressure level by the leakage orifice 22.
  • the pressure in the chamber 7b which is more sensitive to the ambient or surrounding temperature than the chamber 7a, increases while the pressure in the chamber 7a which is thermally insulated from the ambient or surrounding temperature is not increased to such a large degree.
  • the diaphragm 21 is forced toward the chamber 7aand thus the circuit is closed as the contact 23 on the diaphragm 21 contacts the contact on the resilient strip 2.
  • the diaphragm 21 is forced further into the chamber 7a, resulting in closing of a circuit between the contact 5 and a fixed contact 6.
  • the operating levels and temperatures at which the respective contacts are actuated may be regulated or controlled by selecting the bimetals strips or diaphragm as the case may be, having the desired thermal response as well as by selecting the distances between the contacts to be mated.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of the present system in which a plurality of response devices are controlled by a single sensor.
  • the reference character D denotes a sensor having two setting points or levels in which d, is a sensing switch unit of high sensitivity and d is a sensing switch unit of lower sensitivity than that of d,.
  • L is a relay coil adapted to cause contacts I, and l, to close upon closure of the switch unit d, and L is a realy coil adapted to cause a contact 1 to close upon the closure of the switch (1,.
  • R is a receiver, E, to E, are power sources, A is a lamp adapted to indicate the location in which the fire occurs and B is a bell or buzzer to serve as an alarm to indicate the occurrence of the fire.
  • the contact I is disposed in a circuit of a response device Z, to be controlled by the sensor D, and the contact 1 is disposed in a circuit of another response device Z also to be controlled by the same sensor D.
  • the high sensitivity switch unit d of high sensitivity is first closed by the initial increase of the ambient temperature.
  • an electric current flows through the coil L, to thereby close the contact 1,.
  • the lamp A of the receiver R is switched on to indicate the location in which the fire occurs and the hell or buzzer B connected in parallel to the lamp A is energized.
  • the contact I is closed to actuate the response device Z,.
  • the actuation of the response device Z may include, for example, unlocking emergency doors and switching on an emergency broadcasting device to make it possible to broadcast an emergency announcement relating to the occurrence of the fire at any time thereafter.
  • the switch unit d is closed.
  • an electric current flows through the coil L to close the contact 1 thereof to thereby actuate the response device Z to be controlled at this stage of the fire. Since it is clear that the fire at this stage is significantly dangerous, the actuation of the response device Z may include shutting fire-proof doors and actuating a fire-extinguishing apparatus or the like.
  • sensors other than the temperature-responsive or pressure responsive type sensor may also be utilized in the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the present invention in which an ionization type smoke sensor having a plurality of operating points or setting points is utilized.
  • C is an external chamber into which smoke may easily enter and the atmosphere in the chamber C, is ionized by a radioactive isotope, for example, such as A,, or the like.
  • C is an internal chamber into which it is more difficult for smoke to enter as compared to the chamber C,, and the atmosphere in the chamber C is also ionized similarly to the chamber C,,.
  • the chambers C, and C are connected in series and a DC. source E,, is applied thereacross.
  • the ions in the chambers C,, C tend to move due to the applied voltage and thus a small amount of electric current (ion current) flows through the chambers C C.
  • a small amount of electric current (ion current) flows through the chambers C C.
  • the voltage at a connecting point G between the two chambers C C is lowered to thereby block the movement of the ions, that is, the resistance of the chamber C, is increased by the pressure of smoke therin.
  • This voltage drop is amplified by an amplification element F such as a field effect transistor.
  • ZD,, ZD,, to ZD, are Zener diodes, and the Zener voltages of these Zener diodes are selected so that the lowest Zener voltage occurs in Zener diode ZD,, and the Zener voltages are higher for the Zener diodes having the larger suffix with the highest being Zener diode ZD,,.
  • S, to S are switching elements such as thyristors or the like respectively and d,, to d, are diodes for blocking reverse current flow.
  • L, to L, are relay coils, 1,, to l, are self-holding contacts for the respective relays, and l,, to l, and 1",, are contacts operated by the respective relays.
  • H is a recovery key switch, A, a fire indicator lamp, B, an alarm generating device such as bell, buzzer or the like, r, to r,, resisters, R, a receiver, D a sensor and J a control device for controlling the response devices 2,, to Z,,.
  • the thyristor S Upon the conduction of the Zener diode ZD, the thyristor S, is turned on or triggered causing current to flow from the positive terminal of the power source E, through the normally closed switch H, through the thyristor 8,, through the diode d,, and through the relay coil L,, to the negative terminal of the power source E,,.
  • the self-holding contact 1,, thereof and the contact I,, ganged therewith are closed to thereby energize the lamp A and ring the bell or buzzer B
  • the contact I ganged also therewith is closed to thereby actuate the response device Z such as an emergency broadcasting device or the like which should be actuated at the initial stage of the fire for guiding peoples to fire escapes.
  • the Zener diode ZD whose Zener voltage is higher than that of the Zener diode ZD becomes into a conductive state to thereby trigger the thyristor S so that a current flows from the positive terminal through thyristor S through diode d and through relay coil L to the negative terminal Accordingly, the relay coil L is actuated to thereby cause the self-holding contact 1 thereof to close and at the same time the contact l ganged therewith is also closed to actuate the response device Z which drives or actuates, for example, fireproof doors or the like.
  • FIG. 6 shows another embodiment using a smoke sensor similar to that used in FIG. 5. While the number of conductors connecting the receiver R and the sensor D to the response devices in the apparatus of FIG. 5 is increased with the increase of the number of the response devices, the number of conductors utilized in the device shown in FIG. 6 is only two irrespective of the number of the response devices.
  • the reference symbols used in FIG. 5 are also used in PEG. 6 to indicate elements similar to those in FIG. 5.
  • T and T are transistors
  • I) to D are diodes forming a full wave bridge rectifier
  • D to D are diodes
  • R to R are risistors
  • VR and VlR variable resistors
  • f is a change over switch.
  • the field effect transistor F is conducted more deeply resulting in a larger current flow and when the conduction of the transistor F reaches a predetermined level, the transistor T is turned on.
  • a trigger signal is supplied through the diode D to the thyristor S to trigger the latter so that a circuit is closed from the positive terminal of voltage source E through resistor r contact I diode D thyristor S diode D diode D relay coil L switch f and switch H in that order to the negative terminal of voltage source E causing the response device Z to be actuated.
  • the setting points of operation of the re sponse devices Z and Z can be regulated by regulating the variable resistors VR and VR
  • the corresponding number of sensors each having different sensitivity were provided at a commonplace because the conventional sensor has only one setting point for operation, so that the cost of installation has been very high.
  • the present invention makes it possible to use a single sensor to control any number of response devices at any desired situations, the cost of the installation can be substantially reduced.
  • the senor of the present invention such as, for example, the bimetal type sensor
  • the sensor of the present invention may be readily fabricated merely by increasing the number of the bimetal portions of a conventional sensor without changing any other components including the casing thereof, the economy thereof may be relatively improved with respect to conventional devices.
  • Apparatus for detecting changes in physical phenomena such as changes in smoke concentration and the like and for controlling response devices in accordance with said detected changes comprising a sensor, said sensor including an ionization means operable to convert a change in smoke concentration into an electrical signal, said ionization means including a pair of chambers one of which is more susceptible to receiving smoke from the surrounding atmosphere than said other chamber, operable means within said sensor defining'a plurality of actuating points each responsive respectively to progressively increasing stages of change of said physical phenomena, said operable means including connecting means for connecting said chambers in series and applying a voltage source thereacross and amplification means between said chambers responsive to the change in resistance in said chambers caused by differences in smoke concentration in said chambers, a plurality of response devices corresponding respectively to each of said actuating points, said plurality of response devices being operable to provide appropriate response effects dependent on the progressively increasing stages of change of said physical phenomena, and actuating means activated by each of said plurality of actuating points for controlling the operation of said response devices corresponding
  • said sensor includes a pair of transistors operably connectable to a plurality of diodes forming a full wave bridge rectifier, each of said transistors being operable depending on the magnitude of an amplification signal produced by said amplification means, a thyristor triggered by said diodes, a change over switch means effecting a change in the current flow path depending on which transistor is operated, and a plurality of variable resistors to vary the setting points of said response devices.
  • Apparatus according to claim 4 including a plurality of Zener diodes having progressively varying Zener voltages and a thyristor associated with each of said Zener diodes, whereby said Zener diodes are progressively operated by said amplification means to progressively trigger said thryristors in accordance with progressive change in said physical phenomena.
  • one of said response devices includes a receiver operable to indicate an initial sensed change of physical phenomena.
  • said receiver includes an acoustic means operable to effect an audible indication of the initial sensed change of physical phenomena.
  • said receiver includes a location indicator means, an acoustic means, and a response means, said location indicator means and acoustic means being actuated substantially simultaneously with the actuation of said response means.
  • Apparatus according to claim 10 wherein there are two conductors between said receiver and said sensor irrespective of the number of said response devices.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
US378347A 1972-07-14 1973-07-11 Detecting and control method and apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3909814A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6996472A JPS5737916B2 (hu) 1972-07-14 1972-07-14

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US (1) US3909814A (hu)
JP (1) JPS5737916B2 (hu)
CA (1) CA1009722A (hu)
CH (1) CH562482A5 (hu)
DE (1) DE2335789C2 (hu)
FR (1) FR2193195B1 (hu)
GB (1) GB1444101A (hu)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4176346A (en) * 1977-11-21 1979-11-27 John O. Stapleton Smoke alarm network
FR2434438A1 (fr) * 1978-08-26 1980-03-21 Hochiki Co Dispositif de detection d'incendie a protection contre les facteurs de bruit electrique
WO1986004708A1 (en) * 1985-02-08 1986-08-14 A/S Norsk Viftefabrikk Fire alarm system for living-rooms
US20070044979A1 (en) * 2005-08-30 2007-03-01 Federal Express Corporation Fire sensor, fire detection system, fire suppression system, and combinations thereof
US7456750B2 (en) * 2000-04-19 2008-11-25 Federal Express Corporation Fire suppression and indicator system and fire detection device
US20100012335A1 (en) * 2006-03-22 2010-01-21 Popp James B Fire suppressant device and method, including expansion agent

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JPS51139299A (en) * 1975-03-29 1976-12-01 Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co Ltd Fire alarm means
JPS52126198A (en) * 1976-04-15 1977-10-22 Yuwa Sangyo Kk Composite early fire detecting system
JPS52142999A (en) * 1976-05-24 1977-11-29 Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co Ltd Fire alarm facility
JPS5496587U (hu) * 1977-12-21 1979-07-07
JPS54132342A (en) * 1978-04-05 1979-10-15 Moorisu Kk Shutter twoostage system dropping device
JPS569061U (hu) * 1979-07-02 1981-01-26
JPS5813434Y2 (ja) * 1981-03-11 1983-03-15 能美防災工業株式会社 火災報知装置
JPS6034363U (ja) * 1983-08-15 1985-03-08 三菱原子燃料株式会社 粘性溶液定量吐出装置
JPS60126798A (ja) * 1983-12-13 1985-07-06 ニッタン株式会社 環境異常検出装置
GB2177833B (en) * 1985-07-12 1989-07-26 Gerald Charles Dudley Window detector
GB8924004D0 (en) * 1989-10-25 1989-12-13 Johnson & Starley Ltd Fire alarm system
JP2889382B2 (ja) * 1991-01-18 1999-05-10 ホーチキ株式会社 火災報知装置
KR20030046642A (ko) * 2001-12-06 2003-06-18 이상종 다중 모터 급수 제어 시스템
SG11201807159TA (en) * 2016-02-26 2018-09-27 Japan Transp Engineering Company Fire sensing system for railway carriage
GB201917883D0 (en) * 2019-12-06 2020-01-22 Project Fire Global Holdings Ltd A detector for a fire alarm system

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US1597403A (en) * 1925-10-16 1926-08-24 Cromie James Safety control for pilot lights
US2699480A (en) * 1952-03-11 1955-01-11 Electric Controls Inc Fire alarm thermostat
US2786171A (en) * 1953-07-15 1957-03-19 Gen Motors Corp Starting and overload control for split-phase electric motor
US3052788A (en) * 1961-03-09 1962-09-04 Claude H Peters Electric heater control
US3258785A (en) * 1964-12-07 1966-07-05 Harold B Kuhnle Baptismal apparatus
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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4176346A (en) * 1977-11-21 1979-11-27 John O. Stapleton Smoke alarm network
FR2434438A1 (fr) * 1978-08-26 1980-03-21 Hochiki Co Dispositif de detection d'incendie a protection contre les facteurs de bruit electrique
US4319231A (en) * 1978-08-26 1982-03-09 Hochiki Corporation Fire sensing system protected from noise factors
WO1986004708A1 (en) * 1985-02-08 1986-08-14 A/S Norsk Viftefabrikk Fire alarm system for living-rooms
US7876230B2 (en) 2000-04-19 2011-01-25 Federal Express Corporation Fire supression and indicator system and fire detection device
US7456750B2 (en) * 2000-04-19 2008-11-25 Federal Express Corporation Fire suppression and indicator system and fire detection device
US8905633B2 (en) 2005-08-30 2014-12-09 Federal Express Corporation Fire sensor, fire detection system, fire suppression system, and combinations thereof
US20090315726A1 (en) * 2005-08-30 2009-12-24 Federal Express Corporation Fire sensor, fire detection system, fire suppression system, and combinations thereof
US7806195B2 (en) 2005-08-30 2010-10-05 Federal Express Corporation Fire sensor, fire detection system, fire suppression system, and combinations thereof
US7810577B2 (en) 2005-08-30 2010-10-12 Federal Express Corporation Fire sensor, fire detection system, fire suppression system, and combinations thereof
US20090084561A1 (en) * 2005-08-30 2009-04-02 Federal Express Corporation Fire sensor, fire detection system, fire suppression system, and combinations thereof
US20070044979A1 (en) * 2005-08-30 2007-03-01 Federal Express Corporation Fire sensor, fire detection system, fire suppression system, and combinations thereof
US20100012335A1 (en) * 2006-03-22 2010-01-21 Popp James B Fire suppressant device and method, including expansion agent
US9308404B2 (en) 2006-03-22 2016-04-12 Federal Express Corporation Fire suppressant device and method, including expansion agent
US9604083B2 (en) 2006-03-22 2017-03-28 Federal Express Corporation Fire suppressant device and method, including expansion agent
US9873006B2 (en) 2006-03-22 2018-01-23 Federal Express Corporation Fire suppressant device and method, including expansion agent
US11065486B2 (en) 2006-03-22 2021-07-20 Federal Express Corporation Fire suppressant device and method, including expansion agent
US11752378B2 (en) 2006-03-22 2023-09-12 Federal Express Corporation Fire suppressant device and method, including expansion agent

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2335789C2 (de) 1983-02-03
CA1009722A (en) 1977-05-03
CH562482A5 (hu) 1975-05-30
JPS5737916B2 (hu) 1982-08-12
DE2335789A1 (de) 1974-01-24
FR2193195B1 (hu) 1974-07-05
JPS4929597A (hu) 1974-03-16
GB1444101A (en) 1976-07-28
FR2193195A1 (hu) 1974-02-15

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