US3907547A - Method of preparing vacuum-treated steel for making ingots for forging - Google Patents
Method of preparing vacuum-treated steel for making ingots for forging Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3907547A US3907547A US454035A US45403574A US3907547A US 3907547 A US3907547 A US 3907547A US 454035 A US454035 A US 454035A US 45403574 A US45403574 A US 45403574A US 3907547 A US3907547 A US 3907547A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- molten metal
- weight percent
- oxygen
- foremetal
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N flonicamid Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=NC=C1C(=O)NCC#N RLQJEEJISHYWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910004709 CaSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001309 Ferromolybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000628 Ferrovanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron vanadium Chemical compound [V].[Fe] PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/32—Blowing from above
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A process for preparing a vacuum-treated steel for making forging ingots of great weight and high purity as required for rotors, turbine shafts, inductor shafts and other, usually annealed, large steel parts, which comprises:
- step 2 Separating said foremetal formed in step 1 from slag and directing an oxygen down-blast onto the surface of said molten metal while maintaining it molten to raise the temperature thereof to a temperature greater than l700C;
- Field of the Invention is directed to a method of preparing vacuum-treated steel for making forging ingots of great weight and high purity as required for rotors, turbine shafts, inductor shafts, and other, usually annealed, large steel parts.
- the present invention is directed to preparing relatively pure, vacuum-treated steel having a phosphorus content less than 0.010 weight percent, a carbon content of between 0.10 and 1 weight percent and a sulfur content less than 0.010 weight percent.
- the present invention is directed to steels in which the sulfur and phosphorus content is kept at a minimum.
- step 2 Separating said foremetal formed in step 1 form slag and directing an oxygen down-blast onto the surface of said molten metal while maintaining it molten to raise the temperature thereof to a temperature of greater than 1,700C;
- the present invention has as its object obtaining relatively pure steel whose sulfur and phosphorus contents are both less than 0.010 weight percent for each component. This is done by selecting a usual pig iron stock whose composition can fall within the following range:
- the pig iron is heated preferably in a mixer to a temperature between l and 1300C. It is subjected to blowing with oxygen in a LD-vessel or the like.
- the oxygen contacts the surface of the molten raw iron at a lance pressure of between 9 and 12 atm. Generally between 45 and 60 normal liters gas per kilogram of metal contact the raw iron. At the end of this oxygen blowing operation the temperature of the foremetal should not exceed C.
- a slag composition falling within Table 2 is desirably utilized, al-
- an alloying element such as nickel and/or molybdenum. If nickel is added, it is added in an amount of between 17 and 40 grams nickel per kilogram of foremetal. If molybdenum is added, it is added in an amount between 4 and 6 grams per kilogram of foremetal.
- the combined amount of alloying elements added at this stage is between 21 and 46 grams per kilogram of foremetal.
- the alloying elements added at this stage are those which are inoxidizable under the prevailing conditions and include alloying elements other than nickel and molybdenum.
- a converter-like vessel which is provided with two different blowing systems.
- the converter-like vessel there are nozzles which pass laterally through the converter wall close to the bottom, say within about 0.15 to 0.45 meters from the bottom of the vessel. These nozzles are suitable for the injection of controllable mixtures of oxygen and inert gas. Vessels which can be used for this purpose which are provided with such nozzles are known and described, for example, in the Union Carbide Magazine, 33, June 1972, pages 40-45.
- the vessel is furthermore provided with an oxygen down-blast system.
- the hot foremetal is passed into the converter-like vessel, there can be added to the metal heat carriers such as carbon and ferrosilicate.
- the temperature of the foremetal which has been transferred slag-free to the converter-like vessel is raised by virtue of the oxygen down-blast to a temperature of more than l700C.
- a gas mixture of oxygen with inert gas is simultaneously injected through the lateral nozzles but only to a sufficient extent to keep the nozzles free of the foremetal.
- the oxygen and oxygen/inert gas mixture treatment of the foremetal in the converter-like vessel between 20 and 60 normal liters oxygen per kilogram of metal pass from the down-blast gas exit.
- the ratio of oxygen in the down-blast to gas injected laterally is between and 20, preferably between 10 and 12 on a volume basis.
- the pressure of the gas introduced through the laterally disposed nozzles is between 3 and 7 atmospheres.
- the pressure is only that amount which is required to keep the nozzles free of the foremetal.
- the volume ratio of oxygen to onert gas is from 1.5 to 3.0.
- Silicon dioxide formed by the combustion of silicon is preferably bound by lime (CaO).
- the oxygen down-blast is shut off and alloying components are added to the molten foremetal on the basis of a sampling.
- Preferable alloying components used at this stage are those which are easily oxidizable and can contain elements such as chromium, titanium, vanadium, tantalum, niobium, and the like required in the final analysis.
- the alloying is done on the basis of the assay of the foremetal, between 20 and 30 grams alloying element per kilogram of foremetal are generally introduced depending on the percents by weight of the alloying elements.
- the injection of the mixture of oxygen and inert gas is intensifled as the alloying elements are mixed with the components of the metal bath.
- the oxygen to inert gas ratio on a volume basis is between 1.5 and 3.0, preferably 2.25.
- reducing agents such as aluminium, ferrosilicon and the like are also added to the molten metal. These reducing agents are added in amounts between 0.1 and 1.5 grams reducing agent per kilogram of molten metal. Naturally, the quantity of the reducing agent will depend upon the components of the foremetal.
- a desulfurizing agent is introduced into the molten metal bath, and then inert gas alone is blown in.
- Suitable desulfurizing agents for this purpose include lime, especially in powder form or a mixture of about 60 percent by weight CaO, 5 percent CaF 15 percent CaC and 20 percent CaSi.
- the desulfurizing agent is added to the metal in an amount between 5 and 20 grams desulfurizing agent per kilogram of foremetal.
- only an inert gas is blown into the molten metal bath in the converter-like vessel. This inert gas enters the bath through the nozzles disposed laterally in the wall of the vessel. Treatment of the molten metal bath by desulfurizing agent and inert gas is continued until the sulfur content of the metal is less than 0.010 weight percent, preferably less than 0.005 weight percent.
- the steel is subjected to a vacuum treatment once it has attained a sulfur content of less than 0.010 weight percent.
- the vacuum treatment can be any one of a number of known conventional vacuum treatment methods, preferably, the falling stream degassing process.
- the vacuum treatment is generally carried out using pressures of between 0.1 and 3.0 Torr and temperatures between l650 and l600C.
- the molten metal is teemed, the teeming temperature (measured in the teeming stream) being between l540 and lS50C.
- Steels made by the above-described process can generally contain 0.05 to 0.50 weight percent carbon, 0 to 2.8 weight percent chromium, 0 to 4.0 weight percent nickel, 0 to 1.5 weight percent molybdenum and 0 to 0.5 weight percent silicon.
- Preferred steels made by the process of the invention have chromium present in an amount between 0.5 and 2.8 weight percent.
- a steel having a nickel content of 0.5 to 4.0 weight percent is particularly preferred.
- the inert gas is argon or nitrogen, although virtually all inert gases are useful.
- EXAMPLE 60 metric ton ingot, quality NiCrMoV/So
- 70 tons of raw iron of the following analysis were blown: 4.3% C; 0.9l% Si; 0.65% Mn; 0.140% P; 0.039% S; 0.20% Cr, with the addition of 65kg/t of CaO, 17 kg/t of fluorspar, kg/t of ore, 2l kg/t of nickel and 5 kg/t of ferromolybdenum, to form a foremetal with the following values:
- the steel was vacuum treated in a ladle-t0-ladlepouring-stream-degassing process. Temperature before degassing: 1650C; temperature after degassing: l580C, measured in each case at the top of the ladle.
- the steel was poured at pouring stream temperatures .of 1540 to l550C to form a 60-ton bloom by filling the ingot mold from the top. The temperature would also have permitted to fill the ingot mold by pouring the .steel through the bottom via runner bricks.
- stream degassing ladle-to-ladle or ladle-to- A.
- step B Separating said foremetal formed from step A from said slag and directing an oxygen down-blast onto the surface of said molten metal while maintaining it molten to raise the temperature thereof to a temperature of greater than 1700C;
- said pig iron has a content of up to 4.3 weight percent carbon, up to 1.5 weight percent silicon, up to 1.5 weight percent manganese, 0.10 to 2.0 weight percent phosphorus, 0.040 to 0.060 weight percent sulfur, the remainder iron and the usual impurities.
- step A subsequent to step A and prior to directing said oxygen down-blast into the surface of said molten metal, there is added to said molten metal an alloying element which is non-oxidizable under the prevailing conditions.
- said alloying agent is one having an element selected from the group consisting of chromium, manganese, titanium, vanadium, tantalum and niobium.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2314843A DE2314843C2 (de) | 1973-03-24 | 1973-03-24 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von vakuumbehandeltem Stahl für Schmiedeblocke |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3907547A true US3907547A (en) | 1975-09-23 |
Family
ID=5875854
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US454035A Expired - Lifetime US3907547A (en) | 1973-03-24 | 1974-03-22 | Method of preparing vacuum-treated steel for making ingots for forging |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3907547A (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS5222887B2 (enExample) |
| AT (1) | AT342633B (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE2314843C2 (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2222438B1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1462247A (enExample) |
| IT (1) | IT1011609B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4187102A (en) * | 1978-08-24 | 1980-02-05 | Union Carbide Corporation | Method for controlling the temperature of the melt during pneumatic refining of steel |
| US4436553A (en) * | 1982-01-22 | 1984-03-13 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process to produce low hydrogen steel |
| DE3245098C2 (de) * | 1982-12-07 | 1990-06-21 | Klöckner-Werke AG, 4100 Duisburg | Zweistufiges Verfahren zum Herstellen von hochwertigen Stählen mit extrem niedrigen P- und S-Gehalten, die im Konverter vorgeschmolzen werden |
| JPS6393487A (ja) * | 1986-10-08 | 1988-04-23 | Yutaka Giken:Kk | ブレ−キデイスクの製造方法 |
| CZ297553B6 (cs) * | 2005-09-15 | 2007-02-07 | Mittal Steel Ostrava A. S. | Zpusob legování nízkouhlíkové oceli dusíkem |
| CN109234488A (zh) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-18 | 山西通才工贸有限公司 | 一种转炉炼钢热补偿方法 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3046107A (en) * | 1960-11-18 | 1962-07-24 | Union Carbide Corp | Decarburization process for highchromium steel |
| US3336132A (en) * | 1964-03-09 | 1967-08-15 | Crucible Steel Co America | Stainless steel manufacturing process and equipment |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1372730A (fr) * | 1963-09-04 | 1964-09-18 | Gussstahlwerk Witten Ag | Procédé d'élaboration d'aciers alliés |
| BE722605A (enExample) * | 1967-10-27 | 1969-04-18 |
-
1973
- 1973-03-24 DE DE2314843A patent/DE2314843C2/de not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-03-21 IT IT67879/74A patent/IT1011609B/it active
- 1974-03-22 FR FR7409952A patent/FR2222438B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-03-22 AT AT237874A patent/AT342633B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-03-22 GB GB1296574A patent/GB1462247A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-03-22 US US454035A patent/US3907547A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1974-03-23 JP JP49032270A patent/JPS5222887B2/ja not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3046107A (en) * | 1960-11-18 | 1962-07-24 | Union Carbide Corp | Decarburization process for highchromium steel |
| US3336132A (en) * | 1964-03-09 | 1967-08-15 | Crucible Steel Co America | Stainless steel manufacturing process and equipment |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT342633B (de) | 1978-04-10 |
| DE2314843C2 (de) | 1975-01-30 |
| JPS5222887B2 (enExample) | 1977-06-21 |
| JPS49127810A (enExample) | 1974-12-06 |
| IT1011609B (it) | 1977-02-10 |
| FR2222438B1 (enExample) | 1977-09-23 |
| ATA237874A (de) | 1977-08-15 |
| FR2222438A1 (enExample) | 1974-10-18 |
| GB1462247A (en) | 1977-01-19 |
| DE2314843B1 (de) | 1974-06-06 |
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