US3903382A - Sub-station switch - Google Patents

Sub-station switch Download PDF

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Publication number
US3903382A
US3903382A US468572A US46857274A US3903382A US 3903382 A US3903382 A US 3903382A US 468572 A US468572 A US 468572A US 46857274 A US46857274 A US 46857274A US 3903382 A US3903382 A US 3903382A
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Prior art keywords
contacts
contact
axis
switch according
shaft
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Expired - Lifetime
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US468572A
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English (en)
Inventor
Erich Silbermann
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/003—Earthing switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H19/00—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand
    • H01H19/02—Details

Definitions

  • This invention relates to power distribution in general, and more particularly to an improved sub-station switch for use with a radial sub-transmission system.
  • Radial sub-transmission systems are systems used for transmitting an intermediate voltage between, for example, a power sub-station and a distribution substation.
  • a power sub-station For discussion of such systems, see Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers," edited by Donald G. Fink and John M. Carroll, th Edition, McGraw- Hill, 1968, section 16-43 to l650.
  • the load circuits are customarily provided with separate load disconnect switches and fuses. The energy from the power substation is supplied over one of the two lines through two disconnect switches which are connected into the circuit parallel to each other and which are often equipped with additional interlocking grounding switches.
  • 6,933,374 shows a multi-pole load disconnect for use in sub-stations in which a contact piece with three arms is arranged rotatably about a shaft with fixed contacts arranged in stationary relationship on the circumference of a ring around this contact piece.
  • a contact piece with three arms is arranged rotatably about a shaft with fixed contacts arranged in stationary relationship on the circumference of a ring around this contact piece.
  • This problem is solved in the switch of the present invention by providing, for each phase, more than four fixed contact positions distributed at equal angular increments around the circumference of a ring.
  • Contacts are installed preferably at four of the contact positions. In the preferred embodiment, five total positions are used and the fifth position left open.
  • a three arm contact piece is mounted for rotation about an axis passing through the center of the ring on which the contacts are mounted. The angular spacing of the arms is the same as that of the contacts so that for any position, the three pronged contact piece will be coupling three of the fixed contact positions.
  • two of the fixed contacts are coupled together and coupled to the outgoing load branch. On one side of these two contacts coupled together is a contact position coupled to no line.
  • the remaining two fixed contacts are coupled to the incoming lines of the radial sub-transmission circuit.
  • this arrangement makes possible any desired interconnection. That is, it is possible to couple both radial lines to the outgoing line, to couple the radial lines together, to couple the outgoing line to one or the other radial lines and finally, to isolate the outgoing line and both radial lines.
  • means for grounding all phases of the outgoing line and the two radial lines This is done by means of a grounding rod with an interlocking device provided on the switch which rotates with the three-armed contact piece and insures that grounding can only be accomplished when the various lines are properly isolated.
  • a ring with five contact positions, four of which contain active contacts and are equally spaced about the ring are provided for each phase, with separate three arm contact pieces arranged on a common shaft for rotation therewith to make the necessary contact for each phase.
  • the contacts associated with each of the lines, i.e., the radial lines and the outgoing lines, for all phases are arranged one behind another along an axis parallel to the axis of rotation.
  • the rings containing the contacts are contained within planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation. This permits simple switching of all three phases at one time. Furthermore, a simple and clearly understandable switch design is obtained which at the same time allows simple grounding through the use of grounding rods.
  • each of the fixed contacts have a contact surface for establishing contact with the three armed contact piece and furthermore each have ajack or bushing which is located on an axis parallel to the axis of rotation passing through the corresponding contacts for all phases.
  • a grounding member in the form ofa planer member similarly havingjacks aligned with the contact jacks. This permits inserting a grounding rod through the grounding plane jack and through thejacks on each associated contact for a given line, i.e., a radial line or the outgoing line.
  • interlocking means is installed at the face of the ground plane mounted for rotation with the shaft on which the three-armed switching pieces are mounted.
  • This interlocking means is in the form of a disk having appropriate holes or cutouts which will permit insertion of the grounding rod only when the switch is in a position indicating that the line to be grounded does not have a voltage thereon supplied by one of the other lines.
  • the axis of the jacks associated with the radial line contacts intersect the disk at two points on the circumference of a first circle and the axis of the jacks associated with the outgoing branch intersect the disk at a point on the circumference of a second circle of a different diameter.
  • this type of interlocking device is of extremely simple design; using a common grounding plate and a disk with guide holes.
  • the jacks are designed as fixed contacts and the grounding rod is made in an elastic manner so that it maintains good contact with the jacks when inserted.
  • the switch of the present invention will preferably be placed in a tank filled with insulating liquid or compressed gas.
  • a transformer vessel also containing a sub-station transformer.
  • the placement of the sub-station switch in this manner results in a substantial reduction of the dimensions of the entire switch structure. If it is further possible to build a switch into the transformer vessel of a transformer existing at a branch point, additional savings result due to the elimination of the cost of couplings, insulation pieces and connecting cables.
  • an expansion tank for a transformer vessel is also particularly advantageous as a vessel for containing the switch of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective, exploded view of the switch of the present invention, partially in schematic form.
  • FIGS. 2a through 2e illustrate the five possible switch positions of the switch of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a grounding rod for use in the switch of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating the switch of the present invention installed in a container filled with insulating liquid.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates in a perspective, exploded view, the switch of the present invention.
  • a planar member 5 is disposed with all the planer members 5 essentially parallel to each other.
  • Each of the planar members 5 has an annular cutout on the inside to form a ring 51 on which are mounted a plurality of fixed contacts 2.
  • phase R which can be identified by the associated designations of the first radial line R second radial line R and outgoing line A it will be seen that there are established five contact positions designated respectively 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28.
  • a fixed contact having an inner contact surface 21 between two prongs of the contact is installed on the inside of the ring 51.
  • the contact 28 is electrically connected to the radial line R the contact 27 to the radial line R and the contacts 24 and 25 are coupled together and coupled to the outgoing line designated
  • a Jacks in the form of holes or bushings or the like designated 22 are formed in the contacts 28, 27 and 22. As will be more fully described below, these are used for grounding purposes.
  • a three armed contact piece 1 having arms 15, 16, and 17.
  • the three contact arms are mounted on a common shaft 11 for rotation therewith.
  • Shaft 11 will be mounted in conventional fashion for rotation about an axis 12.
  • the contact positions as noted above are equally spaced so that the angle between each two contact positions is 72.
  • the angular subtense of two adjacent arms on the contact piece 1 is also 72. It is evident that the contacts associated with the first radial line, i.e., the contacts of R S and T, are all aligned and that their associated jacks 22 all lie on a common axis. Similarly,
  • the jacks on the contacts associated with the second radial line designated by the three phases R S and T lie on a common axis.
  • a ground plate 4 Placed in front of the three planer members 5, with the shaft 11 passing through a hole 42 therein, is a ground plate 4 which will be connected to ground in conventional fashion. Plate 4 is provided with three jacks or holes 41 which are aligned with the respective axes passing through the aligned holes or jacks 22 in the contacts mounted on the planes 5.
  • a rod passing through the plate 4 along the axis 23 for example would intersect the hole 41 and the holes 22 associated with the outgoing line.
  • Disk 3 is rigidly mounted to the shaft 11 for rotation therewith. It contains a hole 31 located on the circumference of a first circle designated 36. This hole upon proper rotation of the disk 3 will align with the hole 41 associated with the outgoing line, i.e., the hole through which axis 23 passes. Additionally, a cut-out 32 is provided.
  • Cut out 23 lies on a second circumference of different size following that circumference for an angle of approximately 72.
  • the lower end of the slot 32 is displaced 72 from the radial passing through the hole 31.
  • the slot 32 extends radially for a distance such that the end thereof is equivalent to a hole along the circumference on which hole 31 lies.
  • the inner circle 35 is such that when properly rotated, this slot through the disk will line up with the holes 41 associated with the first and second radial lines.
  • each of the arms 15 and 16 are engaging the contact surfaces 21 in their respective contacts 27 and 28.
  • each of the arms is between two extending portions of the respective contact.
  • the outgoing line however, is not coupled to any of the radial lines and thus, is free of voltage. Therefor, it is permissible that this line be grounded.
  • a grounding rod such as the grounding rod shown on FIG. 3 and which will be described in more detail below, can be inserted through the slot 32, the hole or jack 41 and the jacks 22 associated with the outgoing line to couple the ground plate 4 and the contacts 24 together, thereby grounding the outgoing line.
  • first and second radial lines do have voltages thereon and grounding is not permissible.
  • their corresponding jacks 22 are not aligned with either the slot 32 or hole 31. Insertion of grounding rod 6 along the axes 33, 34 will thus result in the rods only abutting against the plate 4 and going no further. Thus, only the outgoing line which is free of voltage can be grounded.
  • a 72 clockwise rotation of the shaft 11 will result in the arm 15 making contact with contact 27 and coupling the voltage from the second radial line to the outgoing line via contact 25 and arm 17. This is shown on FIG. 2a. In this position, with these two lines connected together, it is assumed that they have a voltage thereon.
  • the first radial line is made available for grounding and a grounding rod may be inserted along an axis such as axis 33 through the slot 32 and the appropriate holes 41 and jacks 22 to ground all phases of the first radial line.
  • the arms 15, 16 and 17 are connected together with the two radial lines and the outgoing line. In this position, no grounding should be possible.
  • Reference to FIG. 1 will indicate that if the disk 3 is rotated 72 counter-clockwise from the position shown to the position of FIG. 2c, neither its hole 31 nor its slot 32 will be aligned with any of the holes 41 and insertion of a grounding rod post plate 4 is not possible.
  • FIG. 2d is one in which the first radial line is connected to the outgoing line.
  • the second radial line is open and a grounding rod should be able to be inserted through the contact associated therewith.
  • This corresponds to two successive counter-clockwise 72 rotations of the disk 3. It is evident from examination thereof that two such rotations will align the hole 31 with the hole 41 on the right hand side of the ground plate 4 permitting a grounding rod to be inserted therethrough and through the associated jacks 22 for the three phases of the radial line R
  • the final position is that shown by FIG. 2e. In this position, both lines R, and R are disconnected from the outgoing line. With the disk 3 rotated along with the shaft 11 to the position shown on FIG.
  • the hole 31 will be aligned with the axis 23 so that a grounding rod may be inserted therethrough to ground all three phases of the outgoing line.
  • the slot 32 will have one end of its circular portion which lies along the circle 35 aligned with the upper hole 41 and the outer end aligned with the hole 41 to the right thereby permitting grounding rods to be inserted therethrough to ground all three phases of the first and second radial lines.
  • each of the lines i.e., the first and second radial lines and the outgoing line designated A, are isolated from each other and can be individually grounded to the ground plate 4.
  • the shaft 11 will be rotated for example, by a switch lever from one switch position to the other, each rotation being a rotation of 72.
  • the switch lever may be equipped with a built-in rapid-switching device of a well known type since all switching operations are achieved simply by turning the shaft.
  • the switch of the present invention it is easy to provide automatic interrupt action with the capability for storing all switch positions with the outgoing branch connected. In the event of a short-circuit of any phase of the outgoing branch, all three phases of the branch circuit are switched off even if only one or two of the fuses in an individual phase opens.
  • the switch design of the present invention it is possible to use only a single rapid switching lever for normal switching along with the automatic rapid-interrupt operation. For maintenance purposes or for single switching operations, the rapid switching lever which is normally used as the automatic disconnect may then be used.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic perspective view of a grounding rod which may be used with the switch of FIG. 1.
  • the switch With the switch in any position except that shown on FIG. 26, alinment of openings in the disk 3 ground plate 4 and corresponding grounding jacks will be present along a grounding axis.
  • a grounding rod is then inserted through the disk 3, through the grounding plate and then through the grounding jacks associated with the individual phases.
  • the grounding rod includes a shaft or spiked portion 65, a protective shield 63 and a handle 64.
  • An axis 66 is shown passing through the grounding rod.
  • the outgoing branch line can be grounded by inserting the grounding rod 6 along the axis 23.
  • the jacks 22 and 41 can be made as bendable or elastic contacts so that good contact at the circumference of'a solid grounding rod 6 will be obtained.
  • design is much simplified if the jacks 22 and 41 are simply fixed jacks or holes through the respective contacts or grounding plate. In that case, in order to equalize the position tolerances of the jacks and to insure good Contact, the grounding rod 66 should be constructed so that it has spring properties transverse to its longitudinal axis 66 and should be additionally elastic in its cross section in order to maintain firm contact with the jacks.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the switch of FIG. 1 installed in a container filled with insulating liquid.
  • the whole switch assembly of FIG. 1 is mounted vertically within a container 75.
  • the disc 3 forms the top of the container.
  • the planar members 5 are shown in dotted lines to show the arrangement more clearly.
  • the assembly can be press fitted within the container or attached using an epoxy or the like.
  • the container is filled with an insulating liquid. This insulating liquid will thus cover all the switch contacts.
  • a handle 70 attached to the shaft 11 of the switch to permit rotating between the various switch positions.
  • the incoming and outgoing line for each of the phases are illustrated being connected to ajunction box 77 in conventional fashion.
  • the tank may also be filled with a compressed gas if proper measures are taken for making the container gas-tight.
  • switch 79 it can be located within a transformer vessel 80 which also contains the substation transformer 81 and is filled with insulating liquid 83. Such will result in a reduction of the overall arrangement and additional savings.
  • the switch may be located in the expansion tank for a transformer vessel.
  • a sub-station switch for selectively coupling the two lines of a sub-transmission radial circuit and an outgoing branch comprising:
  • a flat contact piece having at least three arms mounted on a shaft supported for rotation about an axis passing through the center of said ring member, the angular subtense between the arms on said contact piece being equal to 360 divided by the number of contact positions, said contact piece being arranged to contact said fixed contacts when properly rotated;
  • interlock means for the grounding rod e. interlock means for the grounding rod.
  • a switch according to claim 1 wherein two adjacent fixed contacts are coupled to each other and to the outgoing branch line with the contact position next to said two coupled contacts unoccupied with the remaining two contacts coupled respectively to the first and second radial lines.
  • a switch according to claim 3 wherein said tank is a transformer vessel, in which a transformer is also installed.
  • a switch according to claim 1 wherein said switch is employed in a multi-phase system and wherein there is provided a ring having contacts positions and contacts thereon for each phase and wherein additional three arm contact pieces are provided on said shaft for each additional phase.
  • a switch according to claim 5 wherein the contacts on each ring are arranged so as to be aligned with corresponding contacts on the other rings along axes parallel to the axis of said shaft with contacts for the same line occupying the same relative position for each phase with said three arm contact pieces are similarly aligned, said rings with said fixed contacts and said contact pieces lying in planes essentially perpendicular to the axis of said shaft.
  • each of said fixed contacts has a contact surface for establishing contact with said three arm contact piece and further includes ajack having an axis parallel to the axis of said shaft, with the axis of the jacks for all phases associated with a radial line or outgoing branch line lying on a common axis, said jacks comprising means for grounding their associated contacts with a grounding rod.
  • said grounded jacks comprise holes in a grounded plate, said plate being essentially perpendicular to the axis of said shaft and further including a disk adjacent said plate, said disk rigidly attached to said shaft for rotation therewith, said disk containing a plurality of guide holes lying on circles of a diameter corresponding to the circles on which the holes in said common plate lie, said holes being arranged to permit insertion of a grounding rod when said shaft is rotated to a position where an associated group of contacts can be grounded without danger.
  • a switch according to claim 9 wherein the axes associated with the jacks of the two radial lines intersect a first circle on said disk and the axis of the outgoing branch intersects a second circle on said disk, said second circle being of different diameter than said first cicle.
  • a switch according to claim 1 wherein five fixed contact positions are distributed over the circumference of said ring member, the angle between each two contact positions being 72 and wherein the angular subtense between two arms on said three arm contact piece is an integral multiple of 72.
  • a switch according to claim 11 wherein two adjacent fixed contacts are coupled to each other and to the outgoing branch line with the contact position next to said two coupled contacts unoccupied with the remaining two contacts coupled respectively to the first and second radial lines.
  • a switch according to claim 12 wherein said switch is employed in a multi-phase system and wherein there is provided a ring having contacts positions and contacts thereon for each phase and wherein additional three arm contact pieces are provided on said shaft for each additional phase.
  • a switch according to claim 13 wherein the contacts on each ring are arranged so as to be aligned with corresponding contacts on the other rings along axes parallel to the axis of said shaft with contacts for the same line occupying the same relative position for each phase with said three arm contact pieces are similarly aligned, said rings with said fixed contacts and said contact pieces lying in planes essentially perpendicular to the axis of said shaft.
  • each of said fixed contacts has a contact surface for establishing contact with said three arm contact piece and further includes a jack having an axis parallel to the axis of said shaft, with the axis of the jacks for all phases associated with a radial line or outgoing branch line lying on a common axis, said jacks comprising means for grounding their associated contacts with a grounding rod.
  • said grounded contact jacks comprise holes in a grounded plate, said plate being essentially perpendicular to the axis of said shaft and further including a disk adjacent said plate, said disk rigidly attached to said shaft for rotation therewith, said disk containing a plurality of guide holes lying on circles of a diameter corresponding to the circles on which the holes in said common plate lie, said holes being arranged to permit insertion of a grounding rod when said shaft is rotated to a position where an associated group of contacts can be grounded without danger.
  • a switch according to claim 18 wherein at least two guide holes in said disk separated by one angular contact spacing are provided on said first cicle and two guide holes separated by two contact spacings on said second circle.
  • grounding rod which is elastic transversely to its longitudinal axis and in its cross section is provided.

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  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Rotary Switch, Piano Key Switch, And Lever Switch (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
US468572A 1973-05-09 1974-05-09 Sub-station switch Expired - Lifetime US3903382A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2323386A DE2323386C3 (de) 1973-05-09 1973-05-09 Ringkabels tationsschalter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3903382A true US3903382A (en) 1975-09-02

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US468572A Expired - Lifetime US3903382A (en) 1973-05-09 1974-05-09 Sub-station switch

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US (1) US3903382A (de)
JP (1) JPS5015078A (de)
BE (1) BE814584A (de)
DE (1) DE2323386C3 (de)
DK (1) DK143822C (de)
FR (1) FR2229130B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1466451A (de)
IT (1) IT1012142B (de)
LU (1) LU70011A1 (de)
NL (1) NL7406245A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2823002A1 (fr) * 2001-03-30 2002-10-04 Alstom Interrupteur/sectionneur multifonctionnel pour poste de distribution electrique
US20040094394A1 (en) * 2002-10-02 2004-05-20 Muench Frank John Make-before-break selector switch

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE447038B (sv) * 1980-09-29 1986-10-20 Asea Ab Anordning for arbetsjordning av fasledarna i en elektrisk anleggning
GB2193843B (en) * 1986-07-25 1990-05-16 Abimer Pty Ltd Medium voltage switches

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1366057A (en) * 1920-03-26 1921-01-18 Calverley John Earnshaw Apparatus for converting alternating electric currents into direct currents and vice versa
US1752944A (en) * 1928-04-24 1930-04-01 August D Eitzen Means for and method of controlling alternating currents
US2134560A (en) * 1937-05-22 1938-10-25 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Electrical apparatus

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB624820A (en) * 1947-07-09 1949-06-16 David Reginald Davies Improvements in oil-immersed electric isolating and selector switches
FR1430969A (fr) * 1964-12-31 1966-03-11 Raccord électrique pour appareil bi-tension, notamment pour couverture chauffante

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1366057A (en) * 1920-03-26 1921-01-18 Calverley John Earnshaw Apparatus for converting alternating electric currents into direct currents and vice versa
US1752944A (en) * 1928-04-24 1930-04-01 August D Eitzen Means for and method of controlling alternating currents
US2134560A (en) * 1937-05-22 1938-10-25 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Electrical apparatus

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2823002A1 (fr) * 2001-03-30 2002-10-04 Alstom Interrupteur/sectionneur multifonctionnel pour poste de distribution electrique
WO2002080323A1 (fr) * 2001-03-30 2002-10-10 Alstom Interrupteur/sectionneur multifonctionnel
US20040094394A1 (en) * 2002-10-02 2004-05-20 Muench Frank John Make-before-break selector switch
US6825426B2 (en) * 2002-10-02 2004-11-30 Mcgraw-Edison Company Make-before-break selector switch
AU2003279739B2 (en) * 2002-10-02 2006-08-10 Cooper Technologies Company Make-before-break selector switch
AU2003279739B9 (en) * 2002-10-02 2007-01-25 Cooper Technologies Company Make-before-break selector switch

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2323386A1 (de) 1974-11-28
FR2229130A1 (de) 1974-12-06
GB1466451A (en) 1977-03-09
DE2323386C3 (de) 1979-10-11
LU70011A1 (de) 1974-10-01
DK143822C (da) 1982-03-01
NL7406245A (de) 1974-11-12
DE2323386B2 (de) 1979-02-08
JPS5015078A (de) 1975-02-17
BE814584A (fr) 1974-11-06
IT1012142B (it) 1977-03-10
FR2229130B1 (de) 1978-01-27
DK143822B (da) 1981-10-12

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