US3899341A - Refractory fired shaped element and process of its manufacture - Google Patents
Refractory fired shaped element and process of its manufacture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3899341A US3899341A US458022A US45802274A US3899341A US 3899341 A US3899341 A US 3899341A US 458022 A US458022 A US 458022A US 45802274 A US45802274 A US 45802274A US 3899341 A US3899341 A US 3899341A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- zirconium oxide
- weight
- shaped element
- zirconium
- refractory
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229940043774 zirconium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910006501 ZrSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007582 slurry-cast process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/481—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing silicon, e.g. zircon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/14—Closures
- B22D41/16—Closures stopper-rod type, i.e. a stopper-rod being positioned downwardly through the vessel and the metal therein, for selective registry with the pouring opening
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
- B22D41/52—Manufacturing or repairing thereof
- B22D41/54—Manufacturing or repairing thereof characterised by the materials used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3246—Stabilised zirconias, e.g. YSZ or cerium stabilised zirconia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3248—Zirconates or hafnates, e.g. zircon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5427—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof millimeter or submillimeter sized, i.e. larger than 0,1 mm
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5436—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
- C04B2235/6027—Slip casting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/604—Pressing at temperatures other than sintering temperatures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/77—Density
Definitions
- the closures are subjected torigorous requirements in regard to the resistance to wear, in relation to the steel, iron or metal flowing the rethrough high temperatures, and particularly in regard; to resistance to deterioration as a result steep changes of temperatures, since the pouring units providedwith the ties of employing nozzles of zirconium silicate are limited.
- the difficulties associated with zirconium silicate nozzles result during long casting periods and while casting rimmed or alloyed steels.
- the severe stress manifests itself in the noticeable widening of the cross section of the nozzle opening, which leads to an uncontrolled variation in the rate of pour.
- Previous attempts to remedy this problem included employment of closures made of zirconium oxide or dense aluminum oxide.
- wide application of such products is prevented by the price of the material, which is very high in comparison with the products of zirconium silicate, and, most importantly, by a high sensitivity to thermal shock, which is found in such products.
- the invention is based on the task of developing a reasonably priced, quality zirconium-based material for shaped elements to be inserted into closures in casting units for steel, iron and metal, which encompasses the advantages of a high resistance to wear and to a high resistance in regard to thermal shocks.
- the problem is solved by employing a composition comprising zirconium oxide at 10 50 by weight, preferably 35 by weight, zirconium silicate at 50 9O by weight, preferably 65 by weight. Moreover,
- the zirconium oxide is employed in a grain size of at most 0.1 mm, and preferably smaller than 0.06 mm, and the zirconium silicate is introduced in a grain size exceeding 02 mm, preferably 0.2 O.5 mm.
- zirconium oxide (grain size under 0.1 mm, preferably smaller than 0.06 mm) is based on the idea of introducing this valuable material only in an amount required for a good resistance to corrosion.
- this corrosion-resistant material forms the matrix, due to its fine grains, which matrix is resistant to slag corrosion.
- zirconium silicate in H -material, which'is more succep tibleto slag corrosion 20'" then zirconium oxide, is'made si'rnilar to that of zirconium oxide through its employment in theform of coarse grains (0.2 0.5 mm).
- silicate comprising an intermediate matrix of sintered ""zirc onium oxide. Since the known dissociation of the ZrSiO, at high temperatures zrsio, zro SiO proceeds from the inner surface, the fractionof silicic acid released through decomposition in the composition of the mixtureof the invention (ZrSiO, being in coarser grain) is smaller by a multiple than the fraction corresponding to the quantitative substitution of the ZrSiO in the mixture by ZrO This again leads to the fact that the matrix contains a smaller amount of lowmelting compounds and, consequently, is much more effective against the corrosive action at high temperature. Moreover, the ZrSiO framework confers a good stability in relation to the variation of temperature to the fired product.
- the shaped elements are manufactured both in accordance with the ceramic slurry casting process and also in accordance with the pressing process. ln order to avoid contamination of the starting material, a zirconium-oxide-containing slurry is used in the casting process. In the pressing process, this slurry or organic binding materials are employed as binders. In order to avoid contamination of the zirconium material through abrasion of foreign substances, the slurry is produced in a wet mill whose lining consists of shaped elements of zirconium oxide, which elements in suitable shape also perform the function of grinding elements.
- the steel-pouring nozzles produced in accordance with this process possess the following properties:
- a refractory fired shaped element for closures in casting units for metals comprising 10 to 50 by weight zirconium oxide and 50 to by weight zirconium silicate, 30 to 60 by weight of the total amount of zirconium oxide being present in stabilized form and 70 to 40 by weight of the total amount of zirconium oxide being present in unstabilized form.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19732321810 DE2321810C3 (de) | 1973-04-30 | Feuerfeste gebrannte Formkörper und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3899341A true US3899341A (en) | 1975-08-12 |
Family
ID=5879693
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US458022A Expired - Lifetime US3899341A (en) | 1973-04-30 | 1974-04-04 | Refractory fired shaped element and process of its manufacture |
Country Status (10)
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4053320A (en) * | 1975-06-10 | 1977-10-11 | Keeling & Walker Limited | Production of refractory articles |
| US4513089A (en) * | 1980-10-02 | 1985-04-23 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Superrefractory dry ramming material based on zirconium oxide for the lining of induction-type crucible furnaces |
| US4579829A (en) * | 1983-12-13 | 1986-04-01 | Garvie Ronald C | Zircon/zirconia refractories |
| US5034358A (en) * | 1989-05-05 | 1991-07-23 | Kaman Sciences Corporation | Ceramic material and method for producing the same |
| US20040102308A1 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-05-27 | Simpson Robert E. | Crucible material and crucible |
| US20090111679A1 (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2009-04-30 | Yanxia Lu | Low creep refractory ceramic and method of making |
| EP2090554A1 (en) * | 2008-02-18 | 2009-08-19 | Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH & Co. KG | Refractory slag band |
| US20100012484A1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2010-01-21 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes | Doped sintered product based on zircon and zirconia |
| US20100028665A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2010-02-04 | Yanxia Lu | Low-creep zircon material with nano-additives and method of making same |
| RU2382016C1 (ru) * | 2008-07-14 | 2010-02-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Уральские технологии" | Шихта для получения огнеупорного материала с пониженной теплопроводностью |
| US20100089098A1 (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2010-04-15 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | SINTERED AND DOPED PRODUCT BASED ON ZIRCON + Nb2O5 or Ta2O5 |
| CN102007089A (zh) * | 2008-04-15 | 2011-04-06 | 法商圣高拜欧洲实验及研究中心 | 由基于锆石的填料生产的烧结制品 |
| US11634363B2 (en) | 2020-12-29 | 2023-04-25 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Refractory object and method of forming |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS584992A (ja) * | 1981-07-01 | 1983-01-12 | Hitachi Ltd | 磁気電気変換素子 |
| US4791978A (en) * | 1987-11-25 | 1988-12-20 | Vesuvius Crucible Company | Gas permeable stopper rod |
| RU2249570C2 (ru) * | 2002-07-04 | 2005-04-10 | Лукин Евгений Степанович | Состав шихты для изготовления керамического материала зернистого строения из диоксида циркония |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2553265A (en) * | 1947-11-06 | 1951-05-15 | Corning Glass Works | Method of making zircon refractory |
| US2593352A (en) * | 1945-08-23 | 1952-04-15 | Shaw | Production of zirconium silicate refractory |
| US2624097A (en) * | 1951-01-09 | 1953-01-06 | Norton Co | Method of making dense, hard, abrasion resistant ceramic articles |
| US3175919A (en) * | 1962-06-06 | 1965-03-30 | Harbison Walker Refractories | Zirconia refractory |
| US3228778A (en) * | 1964-04-08 | 1966-01-11 | Harbison Walker Refractories | Glass furnace lining |
| US3620781A (en) * | 1969-08-06 | 1971-11-16 | Corning Glass Works | Partially stabilized zirconia refractory |
-
1974
- 1974-04-04 US US458022A patent/US3899341A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1974-04-06 ES ES425055A patent/ES425055A1/es not_active Expired
- 1974-04-08 BE BE142935A patent/BE813411A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-04-19 ZA ZA00742505A patent/ZA742505B/xx unknown
- 1974-04-23 IT IT7450573A patent/IT1008467B/it active
- 1974-04-23 CA CA197,969A patent/CA1020595A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-04-29 FR FR7414806A patent/FR2227243B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-04-29 GB GB1868574A patent/GB1464923A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-04-29 SE SE7405725A patent/SE395880B/xx unknown
- 1974-04-30 JP JP4865874A patent/JPS5345212B2/ja not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2593352A (en) * | 1945-08-23 | 1952-04-15 | Shaw | Production of zirconium silicate refractory |
| US2553265A (en) * | 1947-11-06 | 1951-05-15 | Corning Glass Works | Method of making zircon refractory |
| US2624097A (en) * | 1951-01-09 | 1953-01-06 | Norton Co | Method of making dense, hard, abrasion resistant ceramic articles |
| US3175919A (en) * | 1962-06-06 | 1965-03-30 | Harbison Walker Refractories | Zirconia refractory |
| US3228778A (en) * | 1964-04-08 | 1966-01-11 | Harbison Walker Refractories | Glass furnace lining |
| US3620781A (en) * | 1969-08-06 | 1971-11-16 | Corning Glass Works | Partially stabilized zirconia refractory |
Cited By (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4053320A (en) * | 1975-06-10 | 1977-10-11 | Keeling & Walker Limited | Production of refractory articles |
| US4513089A (en) * | 1980-10-02 | 1985-04-23 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Superrefractory dry ramming material based on zirconium oxide for the lining of induction-type crucible furnaces |
| US4579829A (en) * | 1983-12-13 | 1986-04-01 | Garvie Ronald C | Zircon/zirconia refractories |
| US5034358A (en) * | 1989-05-05 | 1991-07-23 | Kaman Sciences Corporation | Ceramic material and method for producing the same |
| US20040102308A1 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-05-27 | Simpson Robert E. | Crucible material and crucible |
| JP2012236766A (ja) * | 2006-10-16 | 2012-12-06 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches & D'etudes Europeen | ジルコン＋Ｎｂ２Ｏ５またはＴａ２Ｏ５ベースの焼成及びドープ生成物 |
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| JP2011502918A (ja) * | 2006-10-16 | 2011-01-27 | サン−ゴベン・セントル・ドゥ・レシェルシェ・エ・デチュード・ユーロペアン | ジルコン＋Ｎｂ２Ｏ５またはＴａ２Ｏ５ベースの焼成及びドープ生成物 |
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| US9573850B2 (en) | 2006-12-21 | 2017-02-21 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | Doped sintered product based on zircon and zirconia |
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| WO2009103949A1 (en) * | 2008-02-18 | 2009-08-27 | Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co Kg | Refractory slag band |
| EP2090554A1 (en) * | 2008-02-18 | 2009-08-19 | Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH & Co. KG | Refractory slag band |
| US8809214B2 (en) | 2008-02-18 | 2014-08-19 | Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg | Refractory slag band |
| EA017317B1 (ru) * | 2008-02-18 | 2012-11-30 | Рефректори Интеллекчуал Проперти Гмбх Унд Ко Кг | Огнеупорное изделие для разливочного ковша в виде защитной трубы, запорного стержня, погружного разливочного стакана или погружной разливочной трубы |
| US20110107796A1 (en) * | 2008-04-15 | 2011-05-12 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | Sintered product produced from a zircon-based charge |
| CN102007089B (zh) * | 2008-04-15 | 2013-11-13 | 法商圣高拜欧洲实验及研究中心 | 由基于锆石的填料生产的烧结制品 |
| US8258068B2 (en) | 2008-04-15 | 2012-09-04 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | Sintered product produced from a zircon-based charge |
| CN102007089A (zh) * | 2008-04-15 | 2011-04-06 | 法商圣高拜欧洲实验及研究中心 | 由基于锆石的填料生产的烧结制品 |
| RU2382016C1 (ru) * | 2008-07-14 | 2010-02-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Уральские технологии" | Шихта для получения огнеупорного материала с пониженной теплопроводностью |
| US11634363B2 (en) | 2020-12-29 | 2023-04-25 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Refractory object and method of forming |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE813411A (fr) | 1974-07-31 |
| ES425055A1 (es) | 1976-11-16 |
| ZA742505B (en) | 1975-04-30 |
| JPS5345212B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1978-12-05 |
| JPS5026814A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-03-19 |
| FR2227243A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-11-22 |
| CA1020595A (en) | 1977-11-08 |
| DE2321810A1 (de) | 1974-11-14 |
| DE2321810B2 (de) | 1976-05-20 |
| SE395880B (sv) | 1977-08-29 |
| FR2227243B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1978-08-04 |
| GB1464923A (en) | 1977-02-16 |
| IT1008467B (it) | 1976-11-10 |
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