US620310A - Robert a - Google Patents
Robert a Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US620310A US620310A US620310DA US620310A US 620310 A US620310 A US 620310A US 620310D A US620310D A US 620310DA US 620310 A US620310 A US 620310A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lining
- steel
- manganese
- ladles
- clay
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 240000006909 Tilia x europaea Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000669 Chrome steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004572 hydraulic lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004450 types of analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
Definitions
- the liquid manganese steel is continually reducing silicon from the lining at the expense of the manganese in the steel, so much so that a series of analyses of samples taken from time to time during the period consumed by casting a heat'of manganese steel from a vessel having a silicious lining show a continual increase in silicon and a corresponding decrease in manganese. Obviously this is most undesirable, as uniformity of product in a single heat is impossible to attain.
- silicate of alumina for the binder, preferably in the-form of fat-clay, such as is well known in Sheflield, England,
- pot-clay there used in the manufacture of crucibles or pots, and consisting of a mixture of Stourbridge' or other fire-clay, china-clay, and a small percentage of cokedust.
- This material in small quantities and made of suitable consistency by the addition of water or other convenient medium gives an excellent binding character to the composition without objectionably interfering with its refractory nature, and it prevents almost entirely the formation of slag in a ladle or other vessel lined therewith.
- Hydraulic and magnesian lime especially if very highly fired, are preferable to common lime, because they are much less liable to air-slake.
- My lining may be applied to molds into which the molten steel is to be poured and is most refractory when so used.
- magnesia or other baseneed not be extremely pure, and the mixture is moistened only sufficiently for hand-lining, no ramming being necessary, as is practiced with basic liningsat the present time.
- a basic lining material for ladles, runners and molds for casting manganese steel consisting of about ninety-two parts by weight of calcined basic material, and about eight parts by weight of fat-clay, substantially as described.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Description
made.
UNITED STATES PATENT T OFFICE.
ROBERT A. HADFIELD, OF SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND.
LINING FOR LADLES, CRUCIBLES, 84c.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 620,310, dated February 28, 1899. Application filed February 1'7, 1896. Renewed January 27, 1899 Serial No. 703,558. (No specimens.)
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, ROBERT A.HADF1 L1),
a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Shefiield, county of York, England,
have invented an ImprovementinLining for in considerable quantity, is due to a reaction between the manganese of the steel and the silicious lining of the ladle or other vessel, a silicate of manganese resulting therefrom of a very thin and fluid character. This reaction occurs because of the large proportion of manganese which the metal contains. It generates quickly and continuously an abundance of slag which is so extremely quickforming, thin, and liquid, and hence so elusive, that it can hardly be prevented from running along with the molten steel into the molds in which ingots or other castings are If this slag so flows into these molds, it thereby becomes a part of the ingots or other castings and constitutes a very objectionable defect therein. Furthermore, in producing manganese steel in ladles and other receptacles with the ordinary silicious lining the liquid manganese steel is continually reducing silicon from the lining at the expense of the manganese in the steel, so much so that a series of analyses of samples taken from time to time during the period consumed by casting a heat'of manganese steel from a vessel having a silicious lining show a continual increase in silicon and a corresponding decrease in manganese. Obviously this is most undesirable, as uniformity of product in a single heat is impossible to attain.
In the course of my experiments to obviate the before-mentioned difticulty'in the manufacture of articles-such as ingots, castings, or forgingsof manganese steel I have discovered that by the use of a lining of basic composition, as hereinafter described, for the ladles and other vessels employed to contain the molten metal during its production the mixture greater tenacity than is now usual in basic practice. They should then be very thoroughly mixed. V
I preferably use silicate of alumina for the binder, preferably in the-form of fat-clay, such as is well known in Sheflield, England,
as pot-clay, there used in the manufacture of crucibles or pots, and consisting of a mixture of Stourbridge' or other fire-clay, china-clay, and a small percentage of cokedust. This material in small quantities and made of suitable consistency by the addition of water or other convenient medium gives an excellent binding character to the composition without objectionably interfering with its refractory nature, and it prevents almost entirely the formation of slag in a ladle or other vessel lined therewith.
While this hereinbefore-described mixture or lining is practically uninfluenced by the molten manganese steel, it is sufliciently plastie and clinging to adhere to the sides of large orsmall ladles', which is not true of either magnesia or calcined dolomite alone.
In place of magnesia well-calcined dolomite or even lime, preferably slightly hydraulic lime highly burnt, may be used.
Hydraulic and magnesian lime, especially if very highly fired, are preferable to common lime, because they are much less liable to air-slake.
Whatever base is used care should be taken a to prevent its-slaking by absorbing water and carbonic acid from the air.
those previously in use and which are of two classes-first, those which consist of magnesia or other base alone are too brittle for my purpose and theydo not cling well to the walls of the ladle; second, those which consist of such base bound by means of a carbonaceous bond are objectionable, because the carbon thus present in the ladle-lining is liable to be absorbed by the steel and to alter its composition and properties to an indeterminate and most objectionable degree.
My lining may be applied to molds into which the molten steel is to be poured and is most refractory when so used.
While I have found that such a lining as I have, described is particularly useful in the manufacture of manganese steel, it is obvious that its use is not restricted thereto, for it may be applied to ladles or other vessels for holding various kinds of steel-for instance, nickel-steel and chrome-steel.
' In carrying out my invention the magnesia or other baseneed not be extremely pure, and the mixture is moistened only sufficiently for hand-lining, no ramming being necessary, as is practiced with basic liningsat the present time.
Having fully described my invention, what I claim, and desireto secure by Letters Patent. is' I 1. A basic lining for ladles, runners, and molds for casting steel, consisting of magnesia and pot-clay containing coke,substantiall y as described.
2. A basic lining material for ladles, runners and molds for casting manganese steel, consisting of about ninety-two parts by weight of calcined basic material, and about eight parts by weight of fat-clay, substantially as described.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to thisspecification in the presence of two subscribingwitnesses.
RO ERT. A. HADFIEI JD.
Witnesses:
GEO. W. WICKERSHAM, A. W. ANDREWS.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US620310A true US620310A (en) | 1899-02-28 |
Family
ID=2688919
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US620310D Expired - Lifetime US620310A (en) | Robert a |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US620310A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2519593A (en) * | 1948-08-12 | 1950-08-22 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Trough for use in alloying metals |
-
0
- US US620310D patent/US620310A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2519593A (en) * | 1948-08-12 | 1950-08-22 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Trough for use in alloying metals |
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