US3896881A - Automatic fire extinguisher for a storage tank with flammable contents - Google Patents

Automatic fire extinguisher for a storage tank with flammable contents Download PDF

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Publication number
US3896881A
US3896881A US445565A US44556574A US3896881A US 3896881 A US3896881 A US 3896881A US 445565 A US445565 A US 445565A US 44556574 A US44556574 A US 44556574A US 3896881 A US3896881 A US 3896881A
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Prior art keywords
sprinklers
section
operating temperature
fire
sprinkler
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Expired - Lifetime
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US445565A
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English (en)
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Boer Jan A De
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Saval BV
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Saval BV
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/06—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places of highly inflammable material, e.g. light metals, petroleum products

Definitions

  • Each reservoir is connected to a different extinguishing fluid distribution pipe extending along at least part of the sealed roof'edge and wall and having heat operated sprinklers spaced along its length to define a section of the fire extinguisher which is supplied with extinguishing fluid from the connected one of the reservoirs.
  • the sections at least partly overlap and the sprinklers in a section part overlapping another have higher operating temperatures than the sprinklers of the other section to sequentially operate the sprinklers in response to heat from a fire whereby the quantity and time during which-fire extinguishing fluid is available is extended by fi'rst discharging the fluid from the reservoir connected tofthe section having sprinklers of lower operating temperature and then discharging fluid from the reservoir connected to the section having sprinklers of higher operating temperature.
  • the present invention relates to a fire extinguisher for a storage tank with flammable contents, said tank comprising a roof with a sealing means between a wall of the tank and an edge of the roof, said roof being movable relative to said wall, and on said roof a number of reservoirs with fire-extinguishing fluid have been arranged, said reservoirs each being connected to sprinklers or sprayers, for example by a fireextinguishing pipe, said sprinklers being kept closed by means of thermo-sensitive elements, said section covering part of the circumference of the roof edge.
  • Fireextinguishing equipment of this kind is generally known. It is customary with large fuel tanks to use a floating roof in order to give as little room as is possible for gas or fumes between the liquid surface and the roof, and, thereby, reduce the chance of having an inflammable mixture develop. This roof with up and down movement is sealed relative to the wall of the cylindrical reservoir.
  • a disadvantage of this known fire extinguisher is that it does not have a reserve supply. For when the reservoir is nearly or entirely empty after extinguishing a fire, the extinguishing equipment is not capable of performing its task effectively when a new fire breaks out in the same section or when the same fire, previously extinguished, starts again.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a solution and in accordance with the invention, said object is achieved in that the sections overlap each other and that at the region of the overlapping the sprinklers in the one section have a higher operating temperature than the sprinklers in the other section.
  • a double fireextinguishing pipe is present along the entire circumference of the edge of the tank, each pipe of said double fire-extinguishing means being connected to an individual reservoir with fire-extinguishing fluid and in which due to the difference in operating temperature during the break out of a fire only one pipe will come into action. i.e. the one in which the sprinklers with the lowest operating temperature are present.
  • this may be improved further in that on either side of the sprinkler with the highest operating temperature in the section parts with the sprinklers with the lowest operating temperature, a sprinkler is present which operates between said sprinkler with the highest operating temperature and the next sprinkler with the lowest operating temperature, whereupon the operating temperature lies between the lowest and the highest operating temperature.
  • the sprinklers of the overlapping sections are preferably arranged right next to each other in order to assure that the sprinkler with the lower operating temperature cools the one with the higher operating temperature.
  • sprinklers in known sprinkler installations are generally positioned in such a way that they cannot cool each other.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates diagrammatically a perspective view of a tank with a known fire extinguisher
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic plan view of the fire extinguisher in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a tank I, such as an oil storage tank or the like, with a floating roof 2.
  • Three reservoirs 3, 4 and 5 with fire-extinguishing fluid, such as BCF, are positioned on said roof, each reservoir being separately connected to an extinguishing pipe 6, 7 and 8 respectively and each pipe having sprinklers 9.
  • Each reservoir containing fire-extinguishing fluid is provided in a known manner with the necessary control and fire alarm equipment.
  • FIG, 1 clearly illustrates that when in one section, for instance in section 7 a fire has broken out and has been extinguished, no further extinguishing is possible in the whole region covered by section 7.
  • FIG. 2 shows the installation in accordance with the invention with two reservoirs for fire-extinguishing fluid 10 and 11 respectively.
  • An extinguishing pipe 12, 13 runs from each reservoir 10 and 11 respectively, each said pipe extending almost to the nearest reservoir to define a section.
  • These pipes have sprinklers and it can be seen clearly that the pipe defined sections overlap each other.
  • the sprinklers have been indicated in the drawing by small circles, the black circles 14 refer to a sprinkler with an operating temperature of for instance 70, the white circles 15 refer to a sprinkler with an operating temperature of for instance 140 and the circles 16 provided with a cross refer to a sprinkler with an operating temperature of for instance 240.
  • Each section of a fire-extinguishing pipe has a centre distance, such as indicated at reference numeral 17, where the sprinkler with the high operating temperature takes over from the sprinkler with the low operating temperature. Inasmuch as these transitions take place in opposite direction there is a risk without special precautions being taken that even if sprinklers with different operating temperatures lie next to each other, sprinklers with the same operating temperature and, therewith, with the lowest operating temperature are yet too close to each other. If, for instance, in the area indicated by reference numeral 17 a fire broke out and the nearest sprinkler 16 were of the type of sprinkler 14, then both pipes 12 and 13 would come into action, the consequence of which would be that then the sprinklers with the higher operating temperature, indicated by reference numeral 15, would be useless.
  • sprinkler 16 with the much higher operating temperature has been provided. Said sprinkler will assure that with a fire in the area 17 only the nearest sprinkler 14 (pipe 12) can come into action. Sprinkler 16 in pipe 12 then no longer has significance but sprinkler 15 in pipe 13 certainly has. It is also possible to avoid this problem by omitting the sprinkler indicated by reference numeral 16. However, one does not have a reserve then when a fire breaks out again in the area of sprinkler 16 as one could in an embodiment (not shown) in which the sprinkler l6 nearest area 17 were connected to a fire-extinguishing fluid distribution pipe section other than pipe section 12. Moreover, safety demands that a sprinkler be provided at the re gion of the illustrated sprinkler 16, but in order to guarantee the correct sequence of operation it must be one with a higher operating temperature than the sprinklers l4 and 15.
  • the sprinklers indicated by reference numeral 18 have an intermediate operating temperature, slightly higher than the lowest, but lower than the higher and highest, for example and lie between sprinklers with the lowest and the highest operating temperatures. This is advisable in order to prevent a fire in the area of a sprinkler 16 from bringing both sections into action by radiation.
  • a fire extinguisher for a storage tank with flammable contents comprising a roof movable relative to a wall, and said extinguisher comprising a number of reservoirs with fire-extinguishing fluid arranged on said roof, said reservoirs each being connected to a fire-extinguishing pipe provided with heat operated sprinklers for defining a section, said section covering part of the edge of the roof, and chracterized in that said sections overlap each other and that the sprinklers in the overlapping part of said one section have a higher operating temperature than the sprinklers in said other section for first operating the sprinklers in said other section to the exhaustion of said fireextinguishing fluid in said connected reservoir and then operating the sprinklers in said one section.
  • a fire extinguisher in accordance with claim 1 characterized in that in said sections overlapping each other, and where the operating temperature of the sprinklers in said other section changes, a sprinkler in said one section has a highest operating temperature.
  • a fire extinguisher in accordance with claim 2 wherein a sprinkler with an intermediate operating temperature lies between said sprinkler with the highest operating temperature and said sprinkler with the lower operating temperature in each section.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
US445565A 1973-02-27 1974-02-25 Automatic fire extinguisher for a storage tank with flammable contents Expired - Lifetime US3896881A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL737302725A NL146055B (nl) 1973-02-27 1973-02-27 Automatische brandblusinstallatie voor een opslagtank met brandbare inhoud.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3896881A true US3896881A (en) 1975-07-29

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ID=19818318

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US445565A Expired - Lifetime US3896881A (en) 1973-02-27 1974-02-25 Automatic fire extinguisher for a storage tank with flammable contents

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US3896881A (xx)
BE (1) BE811574A (xx)
DE (1) DE2408974A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2218910B1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1459856A (xx)
NL (1) NL146055B (xx)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4064944A (en) * 1976-04-09 1977-12-27 Mcclure William F Apparatus for fire extinguishing system for floating-roof tanks
US4069873A (en) * 1976-04-06 1978-01-24 Mcclure William F Apparatus for fire extinguishing system for floating-roof tanks
US5198611A (en) * 1991-09-23 1993-03-30 Advanced Innovations, Inc. Explosion suppression device with intrinsically safe circuitry
US5314027A (en) * 1993-02-12 1994-05-24 Wood Donald A Fire suppression system for a double walled storage tank
US5330009A (en) * 1991-09-17 1994-07-19 Zhang Feng Qiu Built-up inner floating ceiling, equipped with instant fire extinguishing devices, for use in an oil storage tank
US6425283B1 (en) * 1998-03-31 2002-07-30 Mueller Sepp Device for monitoring leakage for long durations, especially for use in flat tank structures
US6651751B2 (en) * 2001-01-19 2003-11-25 Michael W. Kluczynski Device for attaching fire extinguisher to a welding tank
US20150335004A1 (en) * 2014-05-21 2015-11-26 Derrick Gale Flying Insect Spray Apparatus
CN105617575A (zh) * 2015-12-29 2016-06-01 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种拱顶储罐灭火方法
US9586069B2 (en) 2010-10-19 2017-03-07 Dwight P. Williams Fixed systems and methods for extinguishing industrial tank fires, with and without fixed roof, including aerated foam projecting nozzles and center directed nozzles
US20170136274A1 (en) * 2014-05-27 2017-05-18 Istvan Szocs Installed Fire Fighting Apparatus For Flammable Objects
US10478648B2 (en) 2015-07-27 2019-11-19 Alexandre F Basseches Fire suppression apparatus and method for flammable liquid storage tank rim seal gap area

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2502881C2 (de) * 1975-01-24 1982-06-16 Total Foerstner Gmbh & Co, 6802 Ladenburg Feuerlöschanlage zum Schutz von Schwimmdachtanks
FR2456526A1 (fr) * 1979-05-14 1980-12-12 Flandre Rene Installation automatique de lutte contre l'incendie dans des cuves d'hydrocarbures a toit flottant
DE3027813C2 (de) * 1980-07-23 1986-08-28 Hefendehl, Hans Friedrich, 5883 Kierspe Selbstlöschender, oben offener Abfallbehälter, insbesondere Papierkorb
GB8426823D0 (en) * 1984-10-23 1984-11-28 Paterson C J W Projector deluge system
FR2725629A1 (fr) * 1994-10-12 1996-04-19 Total Raffinage Distribution Structure de pulverisation d'un liquide, apte a equiper une enceinte de stockage d'un produit combustible, et enceinte equipee de cette structure
US5944091A (en) * 1998-06-16 1999-08-31 Weber; Todd A. Tank container cooling system

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3684019A (en) * 1971-05-07 1972-08-15 Howard W Emmons Method for fighting a fire
US3702159A (en) * 1971-10-19 1972-11-07 Factory Mutual Res Corp Fire protection system utilizing direct discharge nozzles and fill-in sprinkler heads
US3741309A (en) * 1971-01-04 1973-06-26 Graviner Colnbrook Ltd Automatic fire extinguisher systems

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3741309A (en) * 1971-01-04 1973-06-26 Graviner Colnbrook Ltd Automatic fire extinguisher systems
US3684019A (en) * 1971-05-07 1972-08-15 Howard W Emmons Method for fighting a fire
US3702159A (en) * 1971-10-19 1972-11-07 Factory Mutual Res Corp Fire protection system utilizing direct discharge nozzles and fill-in sprinkler heads

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4069873A (en) * 1976-04-06 1978-01-24 Mcclure William F Apparatus for fire extinguishing system for floating-roof tanks
US4064944A (en) * 1976-04-09 1977-12-27 Mcclure William F Apparatus for fire extinguishing system for floating-roof tanks
US5330009A (en) * 1991-09-17 1994-07-19 Zhang Feng Qiu Built-up inner floating ceiling, equipped with instant fire extinguishing devices, for use in an oil storage tank
US5198611A (en) * 1991-09-23 1993-03-30 Advanced Innovations, Inc. Explosion suppression device with intrinsically safe circuitry
US5314027A (en) * 1993-02-12 1994-05-24 Wood Donald A Fire suppression system for a double walled storage tank
US6425283B1 (en) * 1998-03-31 2002-07-30 Mueller Sepp Device for monitoring leakage for long durations, especially for use in flat tank structures
US6651751B2 (en) * 2001-01-19 2003-11-25 Michael W. Kluczynski Device for attaching fire extinguisher to a welding tank
US9586069B2 (en) 2010-10-19 2017-03-07 Dwight P. Williams Fixed systems and methods for extinguishing industrial tank fires, with and without fixed roof, including aerated foam projecting nozzles and center directed nozzles
US10918896B2 (en) 2010-10-19 2021-02-16 Tyco Fire Products Lp Focused stream, aerated foam projecting nozzle including fixed wand system and method as well as possibly portable center pointing nozzle
US12017101B2 (en) 2010-10-19 2024-06-25 Tyco Fire Products Lp Fixed systems and methods for extinguishing industrial tank fires, with and without fixed roof, including aerated foam projecting nozzles and center directed nozzles
US11338160B2 (en) 2010-10-19 2022-05-24 Tyco Fire Products Lp Focused stream, aerated foam projecting nozzle including fixed wand system and method as well as possibly portable center pointing nozzle
US11065485B2 (en) 2010-10-19 2021-07-20 Tyco Fire Products Lp Fixed systems and methods for extinguishing industrial tank fires, with and without fixed roof, including aerated foam projecting nozzles and center directed nozzles
US10086223B2 (en) 2010-10-19 2018-10-02 Tyco Fire & Security Gmbh Fixed systems and methods for extinguishing industrial tank fires, with and without fixed roof, including aerated foam projecting nozzles and center directed nozzles
US10835770B2 (en) 2010-10-19 2020-11-17 Tyco Fire Products Lp Focused stream, aerated foam projecting nozzle including fixed wand system and method as well as possibly portable center pointing nozzle
US10300317B2 (en) 2010-10-19 2019-05-28 Tyco Fire Products Lp Focused stream, aerated foam projecting nozzle including fixed wand system and method as well as possibly portable center pointing nozzle
US20150335004A1 (en) * 2014-05-21 2015-11-26 Derrick Gale Flying Insect Spray Apparatus
US9387501B2 (en) * 2014-05-21 2016-07-12 Derrick Gale Flying insect spray apparatus
US10099077B2 (en) * 2014-05-27 2018-10-16 Istvan Szocs Installed fire fighting apparatus for flammable objects
US20170136274A1 (en) * 2014-05-27 2017-05-18 Istvan Szocs Installed Fire Fighting Apparatus For Flammable Objects
US10478648B2 (en) 2015-07-27 2019-11-19 Alexandre F Basseches Fire suppression apparatus and method for flammable liquid storage tank rim seal gap area
CN105617575A (zh) * 2015-12-29 2016-06-01 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种拱顶储罐灭火方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1459856A (en) 1976-12-31
NL7302725A (xx) 1974-08-29
FR2218910B1 (xx) 1977-09-23
BE811574A (nl) 1974-08-26
NL146055B (nl) 1975-06-16
FR2218910A1 (xx) 1974-09-20
DE2408974A1 (de) 1974-09-05

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