US3894325A - Large-sized and thick compound sleeves of high hardness - Google Patents

Large-sized and thick compound sleeves of high hardness Download PDF

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Publication number
US3894325A
US3894325A US465587A US46558774A US3894325A US 3894325 A US3894325 A US 3894325A US 465587 A US465587 A US 465587A US 46558774 A US46558774 A US 46558774A US 3894325 A US3894325 A US 3894325A
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United States
Prior art keywords
range
sleeves
sleeve
thickness
outer layer
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Expired - Lifetime
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US465587A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kenzi Maruta
Atsushi Yamada
Tsunemi Tsuji
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Proterial Ltd
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Hitachi Metals Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/02—Rigid pipes of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/925—Relative dimension specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12958—Next to Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12965—Both containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Large-sized and thick compound sleeves of high hardness adapted for use with back-up rolls of the assembly type having an outer diameter of over 1,000 millimeters and produced by centrifugal casting.
  • Each sleeve comprises an outer layer of high-alloyed cast steel having a shore hardness number in a range between 60 and 75 and a carbon content in a range between 0.4 and 0.9% by weight, and an inner layer of low-alloyed tough cast steel having a shore hardness number in a range between 30 and 45.
  • the sleeves are produced such that the ratio of the thickness of each sleeve to the outer diameter thereof is in a range be tween 0.10 and 0.30 and the ratio of the thickness of the outer layer thereof to that of the inner layer thereof is in a range between 0.40 and 1.2.
  • This invention relates to compound sleeves adapted for use with back-up rolls of the assembly type having thick rolls fitted on the shafts and used with four-high rolling mills and the like for effecting cold rolling and hot rolling.
  • Rolls of the assembly type have been widely in use because the shaft portion can be used again and again by replacing one sleeve by another sleeve and rolls of the assembly type are low in roll cost and more economical than rolls of the solid type. It is common practice to use unitary sleeves having a hardness below shore hardness number 60 for use with back-up rolls of the assembly type used with four-high rolling mills and the like for effecting cold rolling and hot rolling. Such sleeves have, however, the disadvantage of being low in resistance to wear and surface roughening.
  • the sleeves shoud be tough and devoid of the possibilities of fractures
  • the sleeves should be highly resistant to wear and should not produce surface roughening
  • the sleeves should be highly resistant to spalling
  • the sleeves should be highly deep hardening or low in the reduction of internal hardness in the effective use range.
  • sleeves of the compound type each comprising outer and inner layers of equal thickness made of dissimilar materials. More specifically, such sleeves would consist of an efi'ective use surface layer or outer layer made of a high-alloyecl material of high hardness which is highly resistant to wear, surface toughening and spalling and which is deep hardening, and an inner layer made of a soft and ductile material of low hardness which is tough and which has a reduced internal residual stress.
  • Composite sleeves of the prior art have hitherto been produced by casting two types of materials by using a fixed mold provided with a partition of a steel plate, or by first casting a molten metal for the outer layer and replacing the inner portion of the poured molten metal by another molten metal for the inner layer after the outer layer has solidified a predetermined distance from the surface.
  • the former has disadvantages in that the inner and outer layers are sometimes not welded together properly, hot top has little effect because the inner and outer layers are separated by the partition, and degassing of the poured molten metals is not effected properly.
  • a pipe of small thickness formed in two layers and made of a ferrous or non-ferrous material can readily be produced by centrifugal casting and the two layers form well-defined concentric circular areas because the pipe has a small thickness and the inner and outer layers quickly solidify. Since such pipe is not subjected to a high load both mechanically and thermally in service as is the case with rolls, there is no technical problem to be obviated in producing such pipe.
  • a sleeve in which the thickness of the outer layer and the thickness of the inner layer in cross-section are not proper has the possibilities of failures during production or in service.
  • This invention has as its object the provision of ideal composite sleeves for rolls each having predetermined properties, such compound sleeves being produced by centrifugal casting and obviating the aforementioned porblems of the prior art.
  • largesized and large thickness sleeves of high hardness produced by centrifugal casting and each having an outer diameter of over 1,000 millimeters
  • composite sleeves each comprising an outer layer of high-alloyed cast steel having a Shore hardness number in a range between 60 and and a carbon content in a range between 0.4 and 0.9 by weight, and an inner layer of low-alloyed cast steel having a Shore hardness number in a range between 30 and 45.
  • large-sized and large thickness composite sleeve of high hardness of the type described in which the ratio of the thickness of each sleeve to the outer diameter of the sleeve is in a range between 0.l and 0.30.
  • large-sized and large thickness compound sleeves of high hardness of the type described in which the ratio of the thickness of each sleeve to the outer diameter of the sleeve is in a range between 0.10 and 0.30, and in which the ratio of the thickness of the outer layer of each sleeve to that of the inner layer of the sleeve is in a range between 0.4 and 1.2.
  • FIG. 1 is a transverse sectional view of a compound sleeve according to this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the compound sleeve shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing hardness penetration of the compound sleeve.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show a compound sleeve for back-up roll of the assembly type used for hot strip mills and cold strip mills.
  • the compound sleeve comprises an outer layer of high-alloyed steel of high hardness, an inner layer of tough low-alloyed cast steel of low hardness, and a boundary 3 which is a layer of the mixture of the materials for the two layers. 4 disignates a shrinkage fitting surface.
  • a molten metal for forming the outer layer 1 of high-alloyed steel of high hardness having a Shore hardness number in a range between 60 and 75 and a carbon content in a range between 0.40 and 0.90 is first poured into a mold for centrifugal casting rotating at high speed on a horizontal centrifugal casting machine.
  • a molten metal for forming the inner layer 2 of tough cast steel of low hardness having a Shore hardness number in a range between 30 and 45 is poured into the mold in a quantity such that the ratio of the thickness II of the outer layer to the thickness of the inner layer is in a range between 0.4 and 1.2.
  • the outer and inner layers 1 and 2 are mixed and joined by fusion metallurgically perfectly at the boundary 3 and no diffusion of materials, takes place, so that the compound sleeve thus produced is free from flaws as a casting.
  • a nickel, chrominum or molybdenum alloy steel which increases the handenability and which hardens upon being quenched relatively slowly is employed as the high hardness and highalloyed steel in order to ensure that the outer layer 1 has a Shore hardness number in a range between 60 and 75.
  • the invention provides large-sized composite sleeves of over 1,000 millimeters in outer diameter.
  • the reason why the ratio t/D is limited to a range between 0.10 and 0.30 is as follows. In the case of small thickness sleeves in which the ratio t/D is below 0.10, cooling and solidifying of the sleeves take place relatively quickly as afore-mentioned, so that there is no problem to be obviated. On the other hand, when the ratio r/D is over 0.30, the thickness of the sleeves is excessively large relative to the diameter, so that it takes a long time for such sleeves to cool and solidify. Thus, it is impossible to produce compound sleeves which meet the predetermined requirements, no matter how the thicknesses of the outer and inner layers are controlled in performing centrifugal casting.
  • the reason why the carbon content of the molten metal for the outer layer is limited to a range between 0.4 and 0.9 is as follows.
  • the carbon content should be over 0.4 if the Shore hardness number of the outer layer is to be maintained at a level over 60 and the sleeves can be sufficiently hard to resist wear when the alloy steel used contains nickel, chromium or molybdenum in a percentage such that the alloy steel can be produced economically. If the carbon content exceeds 0.9 then massive carbides take place and the resistance of the sleeves to spalling is lowered.
  • a high-alloyed nickel, chromium or molybdenum steel having a carbon content in a range between 0.4 and 0.9 is used for the outer layer.
  • the reason why the ratio of the thickness 1, of the outer layer 1 to the thickness of the inner layer 2 is limited to a range between 0.40 and L2 in the final products is as follows. In order that the boundary 3 may be in a perfect condition for joining the outer layer 1 and the inner layer 2 by fusion, a portion of the inner surface of the outer layer 1 should be melted again by the molten metal for the inner layer 2 and allowed to solidify again.
  • the quantity of the molten metal for the inner layer 2 should be such that the ratio t /t is sufficiently high to enalbe the molten metal for the inner layer 2 to have a thermal capacity sufficiently high relative to the volume of the outer layer 1 so that a portion (15 to 20 millimeters in thickness) of the inner surface of the outer layer can be melted again immediately before completion of soldification.
  • the quantity of the molten metal for the inner layer 2 should be such that the ratio t,/t does not exceed 1.2. If the ratio 1 /1 is below 0.40, then the thickness t of the outer layer l is extremely small as compared with the thickness t, of the inner layer 2.
  • the heat capacity of the molten metal for the inner layer 2 is excessively high relative to the volume of the outer layer 1, with the result that the inner surface of the outer layer 1 is too readily melted again and diffused to enable the outer layer 1 to have a predetermined thickness and to permit the boundary 3 to be formed in the form of a circle free from eccentricity.
  • the Shore hardness number of the inner layer 2 exceeds 45, then the inner layer 2 is lowered in toughness and becomes markedly brittle. This increases the hazard of failures of the sleeve during production or in service. If the Shore hardness number of the inner layer 2 is below 30, then the shrinkage fitting surface of the sleeve lacks rigidity, thereby posing the problem of slipping of the sleeve. Thus, the Shore hardness number of the inner layer 2 is limited to a range between 30 and 45 and preferably to a range between 35 and 45. It should be noted that the hardness of the inner layer 2 is closely related to the range 0.40 and 1.2 of ratio t,/t
  • FIG. 3 shows the depth hardness of a composite sleeve according to the invention.
  • a line A represents the depth hardness of a composite sleeve of high hardness accoring to the invention for back-up rolls of the assembly type
  • a line B represents the depth hardness of a conventional high hardness sleeve made of a homegeneous material. It will be seen that the outer layer 1 is markedly more deep hardening than the conventional sleeve made of a single material.
  • the sleeve is of the composite type
  • the thickness t, of the outer layer having a Shore hardness number in a range between 60 and 75 is such that the ratio t /t exceeds 1.2
  • the residual tensile stress applied to the inner layer 2 becomes so high that the hazard of fractures is increased.
  • a compound sleeve produced as aforementioned which meets the aforementioned requirements and in which the boundary between the outer and inner layers is circular in form is worked roughly after being subjected to homogenizing and spherodizing as scheduled.
  • the sleeve is then quenched and tempered and made into a final product in which the ratio t lt is in a range between 0.40 and 1.2.
  • the sleeve is mounted by shrinkage fitting on a shaft prepared beforehand, so that a large-sized and thick composite sleeve of high hardness for a back-up roll is produced.
  • EXAMPLE Table 1 shows the chemical composition of metals for producing a compound sleeve for a back-up roll in hot strip mills, in which the outer diameter of the sleeve is 1,254 millimeters, the inner diameter thereof is 880 millimeters, the total length is 1,442 millimeters and the outer layer has a thickness of over 70 millimeters.
  • TABLE 1 of the sleeve was represented by the line A in FIG. 3.
  • the outer layer of the sleeve had an average thickness of 90 millimeters, and the sleeve as a whole had a thickness of 200 millimeters. With a variation in the thickness of the outer layer being within 4 millimeters from region to region, the outer layer was a substantially perfect circle with respect to the outer diameter.
  • the ratio t/D of the sleeve was 0.14, and the ratio t,/t thereof was 0.82, these values being within the predetermined ranges.
  • Table 2 shows the mechanical properties of the sleeve.
  • the amount of wear caused on a back-up roll of the assembly type using the aforementioned composite sleeve was 0.55 millimeter for one operation, which was much smaller than an average amount of 1.7 millimeters for conventional rolls.
  • the use of the compound sleeve accoring to the invention made it possible to place rolls in service consecutively for 20 days, which is a marked advance on the prior art which enabled the rolls to be placed in service consecutively only for 10 days.
  • the present invention provides large-sized and thick compound sleeves of high hardness for back-up rolls of the assembly type in which the material, hardness and thickness of the outer layer can be selected Chemical Composition S Ni Cr Mo 0.005 0.35 5.23 1.10
  • the results of inspections carried out by entire surface coloring and supersonic flaw detecting methods showed that the sleeve was free from flaws.
  • the surface of the sleeve had a Shore hardness in a range between 70 and 71, and the interior of the sleeve had a Shore hardness in a range between 35 and 38.
  • Depth hardness freely to meet the predetermined requirements, and which are of high performance and high solidity with no flaws in the outer layer and the boundary which form concentric circles.
  • the sleeves according to the invention are economical because the molten metals wasted during production are low in quantity.
  • the sleeves are free from fractures in spite of the fact that their hardness is higher than that of conventional sleeves.
  • the sleeves are about twice as long in service life as conventional sleeves and permit rolling to be carried out with a higher degree of efficiency. Since the sleeves are highly hardened and their outer layer show almost no reduction in hardness penetration their performance is not lowered till they are retired from service.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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US465587A 1973-05-11 1974-04-30 Large-sized and thick compound sleeves of high hardness Expired - Lifetime US3894325A (en)

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JP48051674A JPS52813B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-05-11 1973-05-11

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US (1) US3894325A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS52813B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU470421B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR7403779D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA992770A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2422629A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1470801A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA742856B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3997370A (en) * 1975-11-17 1976-12-14 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Method of hot reducing ferrous and ferrous alloy products with composite martensitic nodular cast chill iron rolls
US4996919A (en) * 1988-05-06 1991-03-05 The Dupps Company Bi-metal feed screw for screw presses
US5255487A (en) * 1990-08-17 1993-10-26 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Door reinforcement tube
US5355932A (en) * 1992-03-06 1994-10-18 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Method of producing a compound roll
USRE35052E (en) * 1979-11-13 1995-10-03 Forcast International Method for hot rolling metal strip with composite metal rolls
US6013141A (en) * 1995-06-06 2000-01-11 Akers International Ab Cast iron indefinite chill roll produced by the addition of niobium
US6393242B2 (en) * 1999-06-21 2002-05-21 Bridgestone Corporation Metal pipe for use in recording apparatus
CN102829254A (zh) * 2012-08-23 2012-12-19 枣庄市凯博机械制造有限公司 冶金熔合复合混凝土输送管及其制造方法
CN103032637A (zh) * 2013-01-07 2013-04-10 北京东鑫顺通耐磨技术有限公司 一种双金属复合管及其生产方法
CN103042071A (zh) * 2013-01-07 2013-04-17 北京东鑫顺通耐磨技术有限公司 一种双金属复合弯头及其生产方法
US20140090436A1 (en) * 2012-10-01 2014-04-03 Sumitomo Heavy Industries Himatex Co., Ltd. Tension leveler
CN104561817A (zh) * 2013-10-10 2015-04-29 常州凯达重工科技有限公司 一种高铬钢支承辊及制备方法

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2840902C2 (de) * 1978-09-18 1982-09-16 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Stranggießrolle mit korrosionsbeständiger, abriebfester aufgesinterter Schutzschicht
FR2467030A1 (fr) * 1979-10-09 1981-04-17 Pont A Mousson Table bimetallique en acier pour rouleau de coulee continue et son procede de fabrication
DE3044589C2 (de) * 1980-11-24 1985-08-08 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Verfahren zur Herstellung nahtloser außenplattierter Rohre
FR2625225B1 (fr) * 1987-12-23 1990-06-08 Chavanne Ketin Cylindre d'appui composite bimetallique pour train de laminoir a chaud
DE3905368C2 (de) * 1989-02-22 1998-08-06 Babcock Energie Umwelt Mahlwalze für eine Walzenschüsselmühle
CN104295804B (zh) * 2014-08-28 2016-08-24 河北久通耐磨防腐管道有限公司 双液双金属管道及其制备方法
CN106090452B (zh) * 2016-06-30 2018-08-28 无锡英特派金属制品有限公司 一种小口径铂和铂铑合金管的制备方法
US11229953B2 (en) * 2017-11-29 2022-01-25 Lincoln Global, Inc. Methods and systems for additive manufacturing

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US1460049A (en) * 1923-06-26 William bowman ball antiwe
US2008196A (en) * 1932-04-13 1935-07-16 Weber Karl Centrifugal casting machine
US2129683A (en) * 1935-01-16 1938-09-13 Gontermann Hans Manufacturing compound rolls
US2438405A (en) * 1946-05-14 1948-03-23 Carnegie Illinois Steel Corp Method for manufacturing bimetallic bodies
US2812571A (en) * 1954-12-16 1957-11-12 Griffin Wheel Co Composite roll structure with hard case
US3623850A (en) * 1969-03-24 1971-11-30 Bethlehem Steel Corp Composite chill cast iron rolling mill rolls having increased resistance to the spalling
US3659323A (en) * 1968-07-26 1972-05-02 Hitachi Ltd A method of producing compound cast rolls
US3670800A (en) * 1968-06-12 1972-06-20 United States Pipe Foundry Casting process for rolls
US3754593A (en) * 1971-12-06 1973-08-28 Wean United Inc Centrifugal casting of bi-metal rolls

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1460049A (en) * 1923-06-26 William bowman ball antiwe
US2008196A (en) * 1932-04-13 1935-07-16 Weber Karl Centrifugal casting machine
US2129683A (en) * 1935-01-16 1938-09-13 Gontermann Hans Manufacturing compound rolls
US2438405A (en) * 1946-05-14 1948-03-23 Carnegie Illinois Steel Corp Method for manufacturing bimetallic bodies
US2812571A (en) * 1954-12-16 1957-11-12 Griffin Wheel Co Composite roll structure with hard case
US3670800A (en) * 1968-06-12 1972-06-20 United States Pipe Foundry Casting process for rolls
US3659323A (en) * 1968-07-26 1972-05-02 Hitachi Ltd A method of producing compound cast rolls
US3623850A (en) * 1969-03-24 1971-11-30 Bethlehem Steel Corp Composite chill cast iron rolling mill rolls having increased resistance to the spalling
US3754593A (en) * 1971-12-06 1973-08-28 Wean United Inc Centrifugal casting of bi-metal rolls

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3997370A (en) * 1975-11-17 1976-12-14 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Method of hot reducing ferrous and ferrous alloy products with composite martensitic nodular cast chill iron rolls
USRE35052E (en) * 1979-11-13 1995-10-03 Forcast International Method for hot rolling metal strip with composite metal rolls
US4996919A (en) * 1988-05-06 1991-03-05 The Dupps Company Bi-metal feed screw for screw presses
US5255487A (en) * 1990-08-17 1993-10-26 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Door reinforcement tube
US5355932A (en) * 1992-03-06 1994-10-18 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Method of producing a compound roll
US6013141A (en) * 1995-06-06 2000-01-11 Akers International Ab Cast iron indefinite chill roll produced by the addition of niobium
US6393242B2 (en) * 1999-06-21 2002-05-21 Bridgestone Corporation Metal pipe for use in recording apparatus
CN102829254A (zh) * 2012-08-23 2012-12-19 枣庄市凯博机械制造有限公司 冶金熔合复合混凝土输送管及其制造方法
CN102829254B (zh) * 2012-08-23 2017-02-01 枣庄市凯博机械制造有限公司 冶金熔合复合混凝土输送管及其制造方法
US20140090436A1 (en) * 2012-10-01 2014-04-03 Sumitomo Heavy Industries Himatex Co., Ltd. Tension leveler
CN103722049A (zh) * 2012-10-01 2014-04-16 住友重机械精密铸锻株式会社 张力平整机
CN103032637A (zh) * 2013-01-07 2013-04-10 北京东鑫顺通耐磨技术有限公司 一种双金属复合管及其生产方法
CN103042071A (zh) * 2013-01-07 2013-04-17 北京东鑫顺通耐磨技术有限公司 一种双金属复合弯头及其生产方法
CN104561817A (zh) * 2013-10-10 2015-04-29 常州凯达重工科技有限公司 一种高铬钢支承辊及制备方法
CN104561817B (zh) * 2013-10-10 2016-07-06 常州凯达重工科技有限公司 一种高铬钢支承辊及制备方法

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Publication number Publication date
AU470421B2 (en) 1976-03-18
DE2422629A1 (de) 1974-11-28
CA992770A (en) 1976-07-13
JPS52813B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-01-11
JPS503922A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-01-16
GB1470801A (en) 1977-04-21
BR7403779D0 (pt) 1975-09-23
AU6863974A (en) 1975-11-06
ZA742856B (en) 1975-05-28

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