US3893326A - Apparatus for reduction drawing of hollow bodies of stainless steel - Google Patents

Apparatus for reduction drawing of hollow bodies of stainless steel Download PDF

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Publication number
US3893326A
US3893326A US415312A US41531273A US3893326A US 3893326 A US3893326 A US 3893326A US 415312 A US415312 A US 415312A US 41531273 A US41531273 A US 41531273A US 3893326 A US3893326 A US 3893326A
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United States
Prior art keywords
ram
blank
cup
drawing die
reduction
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US415312A
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English (en)
Inventor
Karl-Oskar Oberlander
Christian Domscha
Werner Schurr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WMF Group GmbH
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WMF Group GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19722256334 external-priority patent/DE2256334B2/de
Priority claimed from DE19732315832 external-priority patent/DE2315832A1/de
Application filed by WMF Group GmbH filed Critical WMF Group GmbH
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Publication of US3893326A publication Critical patent/US3893326A/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/21—Deep-drawing without fixing the border of the blank
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/26—Deep-drawing for making peculiarly, e.g. irregularly, shaped articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/18—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects vessels, e.g. tubs, vats, tanks, sinks, or the like
    • B21D51/22—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects vessels, e.g. tubs, vats, tanks, sinks, or the like pots, e.g. for cooking

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A cup shaped stainless steel blank is deep drawn into a closed end hollow shape having a thickened bottom and a thickened rim at its open end.
  • a ram for forcing the blank through a drawing die has a forward plunger portion and a conical body portion merging with and tapering rearwardly from the plunger portion Axial forward thrust of the ram forces its plunger portion into the blank and pushes the latter through the drawing die, thereby transforming the blank into an elongated hollow shape having a uniform outside diameter from end to end and an inwardly projecting rim at its open end. Stripping of the elongated hollow shaped from the ram radially distends the inwardly projecting rim so that the stripped hollow shape will have the same inside diameter from end to end.
  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for reducing drawing of hollow bodies, in particular for the production of cooking utensils, in particular pressure cookers, comprising a reinforced bootom and edge from a cup formed by drawing.
  • Cooking utensils with a thick bottom a thinner cylindrical wall and a reinforced top edge have approximately the same stiffness in both the wall and the bottom. The may, therefore, be subjected to a certain internal pressure as occurs, for example, during pressure cooking.
  • the reinforced edge is desirable for securing a cover in place as required for pressure cooking.
  • a cup is formed by deep drawing and further developed by pressure rolling.
  • the cup is positioned on a rotating pressure casing.
  • the cup is engaged from the outside by at least one pressure roller which is moved in the axial direction of the mandrel-like pressure casing.
  • This production process it is possible to produce a reinforced edge for a cooking utensil.
  • This process is expensive, since deep drawing and pressure rolling each require a working operation and special machines.
  • pressure rolling is time-consuming and limited to hollow circular-cylindrical bodies.
  • the principal object of the present invention is to provide an improved process and apparatus for producing deep drawn hollow shapes of stainless steel in a simple and economical manner.
  • This object is accomplished in accordance with the invention by positioning the cup on a ram and pushing it by means of said ram through at least one reduction drawing die in a manner known as reduction drawing, said reduction drawing die forming together with said ram an annular gap whose width is smaller than the thickness of the cup wall and by subsequently stripping the elongated blank from said ram. While the wall material of the cup adjacent its free edge region passes through the reduction drawing die said wall material is pushed into a tapered zone of the ram during the reduction drawing operation before the free cup edge passes through the smallest diameter of said drawing die and the edge region, which has been pressed into said tapered zone is then expanded to the diameter of the untapered ram as said hollow body is stripped off said ram.
  • the reduction drawing technique has heretofore been used for the production of hollow bodies comprising a reinforced bottom and a thinner wall portion, but in the bodies as heretofore produced by said technique the wall thickness of the hollow body was uniform over its entire length.
  • the invention also provides an apparatus for performing the process, and which apparatus comprises an axially movable ram and at least one reduction drawing die which, together with said ram, forms an annular gap whose width is smaller than the thickness of the wall of the cup forming the starting workpiece.
  • the apparatus further comprises a stripping means, and the ram has a tapered zone in the region in which the cup edge comes to rest before it is passed through the smallest diameter of said reduction drawing die.
  • the cup edge material is pressured through the reduction drawing die into this tapered zone.
  • the annular gap between the drawing die and the ram becomes gradually wider so that the edge region, which has been thickened in an inward direction toward the ram, can pass this position.
  • Another advantage of this arrangement is that the forces of pressure present in the reduction drawing ring abate slowly and not suddenly when the cooking utensil emerges from this position. In this way, the material of the reduction drawing die is not subjected to abrupt great differences in pressure.
  • the reduction drawing die in a further development of the inventive apparatus consists of a ceramic material for the reduction drawing of cups of stainless steel.
  • the result in the case of stainless steels, in particular austenitic or ferritic steels was that cold fusion tended to occur between the steel and the drawing die in Conjunction with the tool steel or with the sintered metal of the reduction drawing die, thereby causing the tension forces to increase considerably after a few draws and the resultant hollow bodies were just as useless as the reduction drawing die due to surface damage and grooves.
  • the depth of the tapered zone is advantageously dimensioned such that the annular gap is expanded to an amount. at least approximately 80%, preferably 100-12096 of the original cup wall thickness as said tapered zone passes through the smallest diameter of the reduction drawing die. If the depth of the tapered zone produces an expansion of the annular gap to an amount somewhat below the original cup wall thickness, a certain amount of residual pressure tension remains which is suddenly reduced by passing the cup edge through the smallest diameter of the drawing die. If this tension only amounts to a fraction of the maximum tension which occurs, however, this does not result in destruction of the ceramic material. It is more favorable, however, if the annular gap is expanded by the tapered zone of the ram to an amount which is equal to or somewhat greater than the original cup wall thickness.
  • cup wall thickness then normally increases somewhat toward the free edge of the cup because the cups used as the starting workpiece in reduction drawing are previously deep-drawn. Dimensioning the tapered zone in this manner results in a complete, but gradual reduction of pressure tension as the tapered zone passes through the smallest diameter of the drawing die.
  • the tapered zone is advantageously formed by an approximately conical shoulder on the ram.
  • the resultant reduction in pressure tension which progresses approximately linearly, protects the device.
  • a gradual transition between the wall and the thickened edge region is also produced on the manufactured cooking utensil on the outer side. This is more advantageous than a sharp transition, both with respect to further manufacturing processes, for example, during bending over of the edge and during enameling, as well as during later use, in particular cleaning of the cooking utensil.
  • the entrance angle of the shoulder should amount to between approximately 6 to 30.
  • the size of the entrance angle is decisive for the height of the thickened edge region on the finished cooking utensil. The smaller the entrance angle, the higher the edge region. A smaller entrance angle, however, also leads to smaller forces present when the cooking utensil is stripped from the ram because the material, which has been pressed into the tapered zone, does not have to be repushed outwardly as far.
  • a greater entrance angle produces an edge thickening of the finished hollow body which is not as high as is normally the case. Greater stripping forces, however, must be exerted in this case.
  • the entrance angle can be selected toward the upper or lower limit.
  • stripping means are normally used which are designed like fingers.
  • the stripping means are designed as asplit ring whose internal diameter corresponds to the external diameter of the untapered ram.
  • the stripping means thus have a considerably greater abutment surface on the cooking utensil which is to be stripped off the ram. This enlargement in the abutment surface is favorable because relatively great forces must still be overcome due to the deformation of the edge region when the hollow body is stripped off the ram.
  • the stripping means include an ejector which can be moved axially with respect to the ram. This ejector can engage practically the entire inner bottom surface of the cooking utensil to be stripped off the ram. The distribution of force and thus the tension ratio occurring in the cooking utensil are especially favorable in this case.
  • FIG. 1 is a somewhat schematic vertical section of an apparatus for deep drawing hollow shapes, embodying the invention
  • FIGS. 2-6 are views similar to FIG. 1 illustrating various steps of a manufacturing process incorporating the invention, FIG. 6 also illustrating a modified stripping device which may be used in the apparatus shown in FIG. I; and
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional elevation of the body of a cooking utensil produced in accordance with the invention.
  • I indicates a stationary reduction drawing die which is mounted in a receiving ring 2 with a shrink fit under pressure.
  • the reduction drawing die consists of a ceramic material, preferably high purity M 0 sintered corundum.
  • the drawing die 1 has an inlet surface la (FIG. 6) which tapers conically in the direction of drawing and whose entrance angle may lie between 8 and 0.
  • a cylindrical section lb whose height is approximately 3-5 mm follows the inlet surface 1a. This cylindrical section lb is itself followed by an outlet surface lc which flares conically in the direction of drawing and whose entrance angle may amount to approximately 345.
  • the cylindrical section lb (FIG. 6) defines the working edgediameter d of the reduction drawing die I (FIG. 1).
  • a ram which is generally designated as 3 cooperates with the drawing die 1 and includes a cylindrical for- ,ward plunger portion 3a, a stem portion 3b which is ,should have an entrance angle of approximately 6 to 30.
  • the ram 3 is movable in the direction of the double headed arrow P relative to the drawing die 1.
  • an annular gap is formed between the plunger portion 3a and the drawing die 1 with the smallest width calculated from the difference of the diameter d and the diameter s of the plunger portion 3a of the ram 3.
  • the width of this annular gap is designated as r in FIG. 1.
  • a stripping means is disposed at the outlet side of the drawing ring 1.
  • the stripping means consists of a ring assembly 4 comprising two or more arc segments which are urged by a circular spring 5 into the innermost position shown in FIGS. 1, 5 and 6.
  • the inside diameter of the ring assembly 4 corresponds substantially to the outside diameter 5 of the forward plunger portion 3a of the ram.
  • the ring assembly 4 has a conically crowned inlet surface 4a flaring rearward toward the drawing ring 1.
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the invention with another stripping means.
  • An ejector '7 is reciprocably mounted in the ram 3 by means of bearing elements 8 so as to be axially displaceable.
  • FIG. 6 shows this ejector in the discharge position, i.e., abutting the bottom of the cup 6.
  • the mode of operation of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is as follows: A cup-shaped blank 6 of stainless steel is slipped over the ram 3. This may be done by positioning the cup on the inlet surface 10 of the reduction drawing die 1 so as to be centered thereon The ram 3 may then be pushed into said cup 6.
  • the cup shaped blank 6 may conventionally be manufactured from a circular disc of sheet metal by backward extrusion, the blank having substantially the same thickness at its side wall and base. The wall thickness may be somewhat expanded towards the free edge 60 as a result of the deep drawing operation.
  • the starting position with the cup 6 seated on the forward cylindrical plunger portion 3a of the ram is shown in FIG. 1.
  • a simple lubricant for example, soap water, which cools as well as lubricates the drawing die 1, may be sprayed out of a nozzle indicated at 7 in FIG. 2.
  • the wall material of the cup 6 is extended along the ram.
  • the free cup edge 60 has already reached the tapered shoulder presented by the conical body portion 3c. This is disposed at such a location on the ram 3 that the free cup edge 60 still has a clear axially spaced relation with respect to the smallest diameter of the drawing die I when it arrives at the shoulder 30.
  • the conical body portion 3c defines a tapered zone V around the ram 3 (FIG. 3). As soon as this zone V, i.e., the conical ram portion 3c, reaches the area of the smallest diameter d of the drawing die 1, the gap between the ram 3 and the drawing die 1 enlarges radially from an amount r (FIG. 1) to an amount which corresponds to the enlargement of the tapered zone V.
  • the tapered zone V is dimensioned such that the width of the gap between the cylindrical section of t he drawing die 1 and the rear cylindrical section 3b of the lam at the trailing end of the conical body portion 30, approaches the wall thickness of the original cup 6 and preferably exceeds it by 10-20%.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show that the cylindrical section lb of the drawing die 1 urges the wall material of the cup 6 against the conical body portion 30 of the ram so that a compacted constricted edge region 6b of the cup is formed which still has a completely cylindrical external wall surface at this time.
  • the ma-' terial of the edge region of the cup 6 be pressed into the tapered zone around the ram 3 before the free edge 6a passes through the smallest diamater d of the drawing die 1. This condition is met in the embodiment shown in the drawing.
  • the compacted edge region 612 fills out the tapered zone around the ram.3 whereas the free edge 6a of the cup is just moving into the cylindrical section lb of the drawing die 1.
  • the ram 3 then pushes the reduction-drawn cup 6' against the inlet surface 4a of the stripper ring assembly 4 so that this assembly is clistending radially.
  • the stripper sectors snap back in an inward direction due to tlfe action of the spring 5 and they come to lie above the free edge of the drawn cup 6.
  • the mode of operation of the ejector 7 may be seen in the left half of FIG. 6.
  • the ejector pushes against the bottom of the cup 6' while the ram 3' is withdrawn.
  • the edge region of the cup 6' is expanded in exactly the same manner as before, but is subjected to pull whereas it is subjected to push in the embodiment according to the right side of FIG. 6.
  • the final result of the reduction drawing process is a cylindrical hollow body with a reinforced wall region 6'b and a base 6'6 of approximately the same thickness.
  • the inner wall is completely cylindrical (FIG. 7).
  • the cylindrical wall 6d has a uniform thickness corresponding to the gap width r.
  • the rein forced edge is bent outwardly. It is nickel,and chlzome.
  • tapered body portion 3c and the entrance angles of the drawing die 1 shown in the drawing may be varied within the limits stated hereinbefore.
  • Two or more drawing dies may be coaxially disposed relative to one another and may be brought successively into action instead of a single drawing die I.
  • the first drawing die may be disposed downstream in relation to a drawing ring in which the cup 6 forming the starting blank is drawn from a round disc of sheet metal.
  • the drawing die may consist of cemented carbide or tool steel when producing hollow bodies from normal deep-drawing steels or non-ferrous metals.
  • the operation of forcing the ram 3 axially into the cup shaped blank 6 so as to advance the latter through the darwing die assembly transforms the blank into an elongated body as sohwn in FIG. which has a bottom portion of substantially the same thickness as the bottom thickness of the blank, a peripheral wall portion of less thickness than the peripheral wall of the blank, and an inwardly projecting edge portion adjacent the open end of the hollow body.
  • Stripping of the hollow body from the ram causes radial expansion or distension of its inwardly projecting edge portion as illustrated by FIG. 6, and may be accomplished either by pulling the ram through the open end of the hollow body, or by subjecting the hollow body to an internal axial expanding force between its closed end and the ram.
  • the axial expanding force may be produced by an ejector element. such as the ejector 7 shown in FIG. 6, which is reciprocably movable on the ram in front of its forward plunger portion.
  • peripheral exterior surface of said blank being cooperable with the inner edge of said ceramic die member so that by an initial forward movement of said ram a peripheral wall portion of said blank at its closed end will be drawn to an axially extended length of radially reduced wall thickness and so that continued forward movement of said ram will deform the free end of said blank into a rearwardly extending annular rim of inwardly increasing radial thickness, thereby gradually reducing the radial outward load upon said ceramic die member; and stripping means for axially withdrawing said extended and deformed blank forwardly from said ram.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
US415312A 1972-11-16 1973-11-13 Apparatus for reduction drawing of hollow bodies of stainless steel Expired - Lifetime US3893326A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19722256334 DE2256334B2 (de) 1972-11-16 1972-11-16 Verfahren zum Abstreck-Gleitziehen von Metallhohlkörpern
DE19732315832 DE2315832A1 (de) 1973-03-29 1973-03-29 Verfahren zum herstellen von kochgeschirren

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US (1) US3893326A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS49135876A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT324079B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES420577A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2213114B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1004642B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4038859A (en) * 1976-07-14 1977-08-02 American Can Company Metal forming die
US4296536A (en) * 1980-07-25 1981-10-27 Reagent Chemical And Research, Inc. Method of manufacturing cartridge cases
EP0101146A1 (en) * 1982-08-13 1984-02-22 Verson Allsteel Press Company Method and apparatus for drawing heavy wall shells
US4513873A (en) * 1981-09-28 1985-04-30 Rudolf Klaschka Capacitor can housing, process and apparatus for its manufacture
US4527413A (en) * 1982-08-13 1985-07-09 Verson Allsteel Press Company Apparatus for drawing heavy wall shells with a multi-step inside edge
US4559802A (en) * 1982-08-13 1985-12-24 Verson Allsteel Press Company Method for drawing heavy wall shells
US5095730A (en) * 1988-03-30 1992-03-17 Advanced Composite Materials Corporation Whisker reinforced ceramic material working tools
US5964120A (en) * 1996-10-28 1999-10-12 Aisan Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Hot extrusion forging die for use in titanium alloy
US6098436A (en) * 1997-10-21 2000-08-08 Girardello; Pierangelo Metalworking method and product obtained with the method
US20100263427A1 (en) * 2009-04-21 2010-10-21 Hong Fu Jin Precision Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Tube and machining device and method for manufacturing the same
US20110114128A1 (en) * 2008-03-26 2011-05-19 Jfe Steel Corporation Ironing method and ironing apparatus
US20110265543A1 (en) * 2010-05-03 2011-11-03 Klaus Blei Take-off ring
WO2012113690A3 (de) * 2011-02-22 2012-10-26 Jossi Holding Ag Verfahren zur herstellung eines implantats mit mindestens einem bereich mit einer oberflächenstruktur, nach dem verfahren hergestelltes implantat und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens
US20130269476A1 (en) * 2011-10-10 2013-10-17 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Method for the production of a tubular body, and control arm produced by this method
US20140216615A1 (en) * 2010-07-16 2014-08-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Stainless-steel seamless belt and manufacturing method therefor, fixing belt and heat fixing apparatus
GB2513248A (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-10-22 Luxfer Gas Cylinders Ltd Method of manufacturing pressure vessel liners
CN104550483A (zh) * 2015-01-30 2015-04-29 辽宁奥斯福科技有限公司 铝合金内胆反向拉伸模具及工艺

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JPS53133570A (en) * 1977-04-28 1978-11-21 Kyodo Printing Co Ltd Manufacturing method of compound tube
JPS5750099Y2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1977-08-19 1982-11-02
EP0096683A1 (en) * 1981-11-28 1983-12-28 Mardon Illingworth Limited Wall-ironed cans
JPS6012227A (ja) * 1983-07-04 1985-01-22 Umedate Seisakusho:Kk 板材から管材を製造する方法及びそのしごき加工用金型
JPS6047336A (ja) * 1983-08-26 1985-03-14 Hitachi Ltd 電子銃用円筒部品の製造方法
FR3152674A1 (fr) 2023-09-01 2025-03-07 Renault Machine électrique à flux axial et procédé de montage correspondant

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US1944527A (en) * 1930-07-15 1934-01-23 Pfaendler Emil Process of manufacturing vessels and the apparatus used
US2877546A (en) * 1953-06-09 1959-03-17 Motor Wheel Corp Method for forming tubular metal articles
US2882759A (en) * 1957-05-21 1959-04-21 Hubert J Altwicker Die inserts
US3203218A (en) * 1961-05-22 1965-08-31 American Can Co Method and apparatus for forming metal containers
US3423985A (en) * 1966-02-04 1969-01-28 Stolle Corp Stripper and pre-draw ring for wall-ironing can bodies
US3466922A (en) * 1967-11-30 1969-09-16 Carmet Co Die assemblies
US3785311A (en) * 1970-06-04 1974-01-15 Daiwa Can Co Ltd Method for producing a metallic container or can

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FR1413597A (fr) * 1963-11-14 1965-10-08 Zirconium Corp Of America Composition de zircon-magnésie, son procédé de fabrication et ses applications
US3406554A (en) * 1965-07-06 1968-10-22 Continental Can Co Apparatus for and method of forming containers

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1944527A (en) * 1930-07-15 1934-01-23 Pfaendler Emil Process of manufacturing vessels and the apparatus used
US2877546A (en) * 1953-06-09 1959-03-17 Motor Wheel Corp Method for forming tubular metal articles
US2882759A (en) * 1957-05-21 1959-04-21 Hubert J Altwicker Die inserts
US3203218A (en) * 1961-05-22 1965-08-31 American Can Co Method and apparatus for forming metal containers
US3423985A (en) * 1966-02-04 1969-01-28 Stolle Corp Stripper and pre-draw ring for wall-ironing can bodies
US3466922A (en) * 1967-11-30 1969-09-16 Carmet Co Die assemblies
US3785311A (en) * 1970-06-04 1974-01-15 Daiwa Can Co Ltd Method for producing a metallic container or can

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4038859A (en) * 1976-07-14 1977-08-02 American Can Company Metal forming die
US4296536A (en) * 1980-07-25 1981-10-27 Reagent Chemical And Research, Inc. Method of manufacturing cartridge cases
FR2487233A1 (fr) * 1980-07-25 1982-01-29 Reagent Chem & Res Inc Procede de fabrication de douilles de cartouches et douilles de cartouches obtenues par ce procede
WO1982000424A1 (en) * 1980-07-25 1982-02-18 Chem & Res Inc Reagent Method of manufacturing cartridge cases
US4513873A (en) * 1981-09-28 1985-04-30 Rudolf Klaschka Capacitor can housing, process and apparatus for its manufacture
US4509356A (en) * 1982-08-13 1985-04-09 Verson Allsteel Press Co. Method and apparatus for drawing heavy wall shells
US4527413A (en) * 1982-08-13 1985-07-09 Verson Allsteel Press Company Apparatus for drawing heavy wall shells with a multi-step inside edge
US4559802A (en) * 1982-08-13 1985-12-24 Verson Allsteel Press Company Method for drawing heavy wall shells
EP0101146A1 (en) * 1982-08-13 1984-02-22 Verson Allsteel Press Company Method and apparatus for drawing heavy wall shells
US5095730A (en) * 1988-03-30 1992-03-17 Advanced Composite Materials Corporation Whisker reinforced ceramic material working tools
US5964120A (en) * 1996-10-28 1999-10-12 Aisan Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Hot extrusion forging die for use in titanium alloy
US6098436A (en) * 1997-10-21 2000-08-08 Girardello; Pierangelo Metalworking method and product obtained with the method
US9011609B2 (en) * 2008-03-26 2015-04-21 Jfe Steel Corporation Ironing method and ironing apparatus
US20110114128A1 (en) * 2008-03-26 2011-05-19 Jfe Steel Corporation Ironing method and ironing apparatus
US20100263427A1 (en) * 2009-04-21 2010-10-21 Hong Fu Jin Precision Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Tube and machining device and method for manufacturing the same
US20110265543A1 (en) * 2010-05-03 2011-11-03 Klaus Blei Take-off ring
US20140216615A1 (en) * 2010-07-16 2014-08-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Stainless-steel seamless belt and manufacturing method therefor, fixing belt and heat fixing apparatus
US9377723B2 (en) * 2010-07-16 2016-06-28 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Stainless-steel seamless belt and manufacturing method therefor, fixing belt and heat fixing apparatus
WO2012113690A3 (de) * 2011-02-22 2012-10-26 Jossi Holding Ag Verfahren zur herstellung eines implantats mit mindestens einem bereich mit einer oberflächenstruktur, nach dem verfahren hergestelltes implantat und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens
US20130269476A1 (en) * 2011-10-10 2013-10-17 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Method for the production of a tubular body, and control arm produced by this method
US9038270B2 (en) * 2011-10-10 2015-05-26 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Method for the production of a tubular body, and control arm produced by this method
GB2513248A (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-10-22 Luxfer Gas Cylinders Ltd Method of manufacturing pressure vessel liners
GB2513248B (en) * 2013-03-14 2016-05-11 Luxfer Gas Cylinders Ltd Method of manufacturing pressure vessel liners
US9433995B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2016-09-06 Luxfer Gas Cylinders Limited Method of manufacturing pressure vessel liners
CN104550483A (zh) * 2015-01-30 2015-04-29 辽宁奥斯福科技有限公司 铝合金内胆反向拉伸模具及工艺

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT324079B (de) 1975-08-11
FR2213114B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-03-30
ES420577A1 (es) 1976-11-16
JPS49135876A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-27
IT1004642B (it) 1976-07-20
FR2213114A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-08-02

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