US3893017A - Regulator with bipolar transistors - Google Patents

Regulator with bipolar transistors Download PDF

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Publication number
US3893017A
US3893017A US444233A US44423374A US3893017A US 3893017 A US3893017 A US 3893017A US 444233 A US444233 A US 444233A US 44423374 A US44423374 A US 44423374A US 3893017 A US3893017 A US 3893017A
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United States
Prior art keywords
transistor means
regulator
additional
transistor
collector
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US444233A
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Clark R Williams
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Texas Instruments Inc
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Texas Instruments Inc
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Priority to US00263919A priority Critical patent/US3838564A/en
Priority to US00264216A priority patent/US3783308A/en
Priority to US00263920A priority patent/US3809994A/en
Priority to US00263818A priority patent/US3828548A/en
Priority to US264212A priority patent/US3886726A/en
Priority to GB2279773A priority patent/GB1435791A/en
Priority to DE2326899A priority patent/DE2326899A1/en
Priority to CA174,292A priority patent/CA1010971A/en
Priority to CA174,294A priority patent/CA990349A/en
Priority to CA174,307A priority patent/CA1006914A/en
Priority to CA174,322A priority patent/CA999356A/en
Priority to CA174,309A priority patent/CA975063A/en
Priority to CA174,295A priority patent/CA1006588A/en
Priority to CA174,308A priority patent/CA1011431A/en
Priority to CH888073A priority patent/CH600417B5/en
Priority to CH888073D priority patent/CH888073A4/xx
Application filed by Texas Instruments Inc filed Critical Texas Instruments Inc
Priority to US444233A priority patent/US3893017A/en
Priority to US05/547,147 priority patent/US4080780A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3893017A publication Critical patent/US3893017A/en
Priority to CA257,423A priority patent/CA1013030A/en
Priority to CA257,422A priority patent/CA1013029A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
    • G04G99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C10/00—Arrangements of electric power supplies in time pieces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C9/00—Electrically-actuated devices for setting the time-indicating means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
    • G04G17/00—Structural details; Housings
    • G04G17/02—Component assemblies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
    • G04G19/00—Electric power supply circuits specially adapted for use in electronic time-pieces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
    • G04G5/00—Setting, i.e. correcting or changing, the time-indication
    • G04G5/04—Setting, i.e. correcting or changing, the time-indication by setting each of the displayed values, e.g. date, hour, independently
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
    • G04G9/00—Visual time or date indication means
    • G04G9/0023—Visual time or date indication means by light valves in general
    • G04G9/0029—Details
    • G04G9/0047—Details electrical, e.g. selection or application of the operating voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
    • G04G9/00—Visual time or date indication means
    • G04G9/08—Visual time or date indication means by building-up characters using a combination of indicating elements, e.g. by using multiplexing techniques
    • G04G9/12—Visual time or date indication means by building-up characters using a combination of indicating elements, e.g. by using multiplexing techniques using light valves, e.g. liquid crystals
    • G04G9/126—Visual time or date indication means by building-up characters using a combination of indicating elements, e.g. by using multiplexing techniques using light valves, e.g. liquid crystals provided with means for displaying at will a time indication or a date or a part thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/01—Details
    • H03K3/012—Modifications of generator to improve response time or to decrease power consumption
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/26—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback
    • H03K3/28—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback
    • H03K3/281—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator
    • H03K3/286—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator bistable
    • H03K3/289—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator bistable of the master-slave type

Definitions

  • a reference bias regulator utilizes bOlh NPN and PNP 323/9; 330/ D transistors supplying a reference bias for constant cur- 511 lm.
  • cu G05F 1/56 mm be used as load devices in low voltage
  • Field 0' Search 323/1 11 9, 22 T integrated circuits thus eliminating the necessity to use 307/296, 297' 299 A, 299 B; 330/69 30 D large ohmic value external resistors.
  • the regulator effectively maintains a current independent of source ⁇ 56] References Cited and load variation.
  • a timekeeping device which includes a battery operated bipolar integrated circuit for regulating display of the time, including means for displaying and independently setting the calendar date.
  • a crystal controlled oscillator generates a master frequency. This frequency is applied to a frequency divider comprising a ripple counter of toggle flip-flops effective to produce a one hertz system clock signal.
  • the toggle flip-flops respectively comprise bipolar transistors in a circuit configuration effective to operate from voltage sources which provide on the order of one volt.
  • the system clock is applied to a series of counters and decode logic to effect generation of signals to drive circuitry for application to a liquid crystal display.
  • Circuit means are provided for producing current sources as load devices in these circuits in lieu of high value external resistors. The current sources receive a regulated reference bias current and thus are independent of supply voltage fluctuations and load changes.
  • the regulator of the present invention provides such a regulated reference bias current source. Therefore it is a principal object of the present invention to provide a regulator circuit suitable for incorporation into integrated circuits to establish a regulated reference bias for constant current sources.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a regulator in accordance with the present invention to insure that the constant current sources do not fluctuate
  • FIG. 1A is the circuit of FIG. I redrawn
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a constant current source
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a plurality of current sources
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of a current source in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 4A schematically depicts the current source of FIG. 4'
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the current source illustrated in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a slave regulator which may be utilized in accordance with the present invention
  • the regulator 16A of FIG. 2 is the system master regulator and in the illustrated twochip embodiment is connected to a slave regulator 16B. That is, as illustrated in FIG. 2 of that application. the seconds and minutes counters, decoders. and drivers are defined on one integrated circuit chip while the remaining circuitry is on a second integrated circuit chip. Since device parameters may vary from chip to chip, a master/slave regulator system is provided.
  • the regulator of the present invention is suitable for use as such a master/slave regulator.
  • the regulator circuitry in accordance with the present invention is described with reference to FIGS. 1-6.
  • Transistor Tl defines a reference along with resistor R.
  • Transistor Tl has its base and collector tied together and forms a diode. The current through this diode forms a voltage reference. The assumption is made that the base drive required in transistor T1 is small compared to its emitter current.
  • transistor T2 When transistor T2 is connected as shown in FIG. 2, the potential established by the base-emitter drop of transistor T1 is placed across the base-emitter of T2. Therefore, the current that flows in the emitter of transistor T2 will be the same as that which flows in the emitter of transistor T1.
  • a circuit which sets a current I in the reference that is independent of supply voltage and also which is independent of the base current from the current sources I (FIG. 3).
  • the regulator circuit of the present system is illustrated in FIG. I, wherein a fixed current flows in the emitter of transistor 5.
  • the current I in FIG. 1 is set to be about IS times as large as the current 1,. This ratio is established by the geometries of transistors l, 2, 3 and 4. This ratio is not critical. Because of the ratio between currents I and I, the base-emitter voltages of transistor 6 and 7 are different. This voltage difference appears across the external resistor which is connected to ground and IC chip bonding 23. This resistor may, for example, be on the order of 68K ohms. Three-fourths of the collector currcnt of rcfcrcncc transistor 5 flows through this resistor to ground since three of the four collectors are commonly connected thereto.
  • the regulator circuit has a sufficient dynamic range to adjust itself to a fixed current established solvl by tlic L'tlcrtttll l'clLl'CllLL resistor. The current cst lished is thus independent of supply voltage.
  • the itcr uh is connected between the collector and the base of transistor 7 is used to compensate the regulator and kccp it from oscillating.
  • the resistor which is connected in the collector of transistor 8 is there to prevent SCR action from latching the regulatot.
  • 'lransistu's i 10 and the cxtcrnal resistor attached to EC chip bonding pad 31 are used as a starting circuit to guarantee that the regulator will start up.
  • One collec 1' goes to IC chips bonding pad 21.
  • the current out i. int. collector is used as a reference for thc slate cut. guliuui .il Fltj. t: which may be located on .i trciil lC chip.
  • the circuit t li IA is the circuit of FIG. I redrawn in a iiltlltitil' hat may facilitate the above explanation and better illustrate the function of the various devices.
  • transistors 2, 3, 4 and part of 1, inch are all connected in parallel in FIG, 1 are coinbiiicd tor l it e.. the fourth collectorl is shown in FIGv iA as i.
  • the fourth collectorl is shown in FIGv iA as i.
  • the fourth collectorl is shown in FIGv iA as i.
  • the fourth collectorl is shown in FIGv iA as i.
  • Like" c two collector circuits of transistor 5 are depicted ⁇ sith separate transistors S'A and S'B.
  • the geometries to the transistors of FIG. IA are such that the ratios of currents l and I and cur- ;ciirs i and are ma ntained as in Fifi. l the opera-- tion of thc
  • Transistors l3. 14 and i5 form a current source v h 'h is Llli'CL'll ⁇ dependent upon the currcnt from the reference node of the master regulator described in FIG. i.
  • Transistor 13 forms a reference baseemitter p..itential which then sets the emitter currents in transis rot s 14 and in. 'the difference in the number of :Riittcrs l stuc-cn transist l3 and 14 and transistor l thcic is an 8 to l ratio between the currents that lion il the collecto s of transistors 14 and 15.
  • transistor 16 will be deprived of basc drive. Transistor 17 will then receive additional base drive and it in turn will supply additional base drive for transistor 12.
  • the capacitor bctween the collector and the base of transistor 16 is used to compensate the regulator and keep it from oscillatmg.
  • a typical four collector p-n-p transistor which is used as a current source load in accordance with the present invention is illustrated.
  • HO. 4 is a plan view illustrating the layout of a typical current source transistor.
  • a substrate 91 may. by way of example.
  • bc comprised of p-type silicon.
  • a p+ diffusion 88 defines an isolation barrier between various components on the substrate.
  • the base region of the transistor comprises an n-type cpi layer 90.
  • a DUF n-lregion 92 is formed to underlie the transistor structure.
  • An n+ region 94 is formed for the base contact.
  • C3 and C4 are formed around a central p diffused emitter rcgion 96.
  • the transistor is schematically illustrated in FIG. 4A.
  • Conventional integrated circuit fabrication techniques may be utilized in fabricating the transistor structure. Such techniques are well-known to those skilled in the art and need not be explained in detail hcrcin,
  • a reference bias regulator for a current source comprising.
  • a reference portion having a first bipolar transistor means of one type connected in emittencollector series with a reference resistor betwcen first and second reference nodes;
  • a differential regulator portion having second and third bipolar transistor means of said one type and fourth and fifth bipolar transistor means of the opposite type. resistance means and capacitance means.
  • the bases of said transistor means of like types being connected together, the emitters of said transistor means of said one type being connected together and through said resistance means to the first reference node and the emitter of said fourth transistor means being connected to the second rcfcrcncc node, the collectors of said second and fourth transistor means being connected together and to one terminal of said capacitance means; the collectors of said third and fifth transistor means being connected together and to the bases of said fourth and fifth transistor means and to the other terminal of said capacitance means and the emitter of said fifth transistor means being connected to the junction of said reference resistor and said first transistor means; and
  • a drive portion having a sixth bipolar transistor means of said opposite type. the base of said sixth trai or means being connected to the collector of said second and fourth transistor means and the cnuttcr of said sixth transistor means being connected to said second reference node.
  • the regulator as defined in claim 2 further including a start portion comprising further bipolar transistor means connected to said drive portion and arranged to insure initial start up of said regulator.
  • the regulator as defined in claim 1 further having a slave regulator portion comprising first, second, third and fourth additional bipolar transistor means of said one type with their emitters connected to one terminal of a supply voltage, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth additional bipolar transistor means of said other type with their emitters connected to the other terminal of a supply voltage, and additional capacitance means; the bases of said fifth, sixth and seventh additional transistor means and the collector of said fifth additional transistor means being connected to the collector of said first additional transistor means; the base of said first additional transistor means being connected to the base of said first transistor means; the bases of said second and third additional transistor means being connected to the collectors of said second and sixth additional transistor means; the collectors of said fourth and seventh additional transistor means being connected to the base of said eighth additional transistor means and to one terminal of said additional capacitance means; the collector of said third and eighth additional transistor means being connected to the base of said ninth additional transistor means and to the other terminal of said additional capacitance means; and the collector of said ninth additional transistor means being connected to the base of said fourth additional transistor means.
  • a regulator as defined in claim 4 wherein said second, third, fourth and fifth transistor means are so arranged and constructed that the collector current of said second transistor means is greater than about fifteen times the collector current of said third transistor means and wherein said first transistor means and said first additional transistor means are so arranged and constructed that the collector current of said first transistor means is more than about three times the collector current of said first additional transistor means.
  • the regulator as defined in claim 5 further including a start portion comprising further bipolar transistor means connected to said drive portion and arranged to assure initial start up of said regulator.
  • a master regulator output is taken from the base of a reference bipolar transistor means of one type connected in emitter-collector series with a reference resistor between the terminals of a voltage source.
  • a slave regulator comprising:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

A reference bias regulator utilizes both NPN and PNP transistors supplying a reference bias for constant current sources to be used as load devices in low voltage integrated circuits thus eliminating the necessity to use large ohmic value external resistors. The regulator effectively maintains a current independent of source and load variation.

Description

United States Patent Williams July 1, 1975 REGULATOR WITH BIPOLAR 3.577.167 /1971 Avins .1 307/296 3,612,984 /1971 Davis et al.... 323/9 TRANSISTORS 0 3,629,692 12/1971 Goyer 323/4 [75] Inventor: Clark R. Williams, Da as. T 3,683,270 8/1972 Mattis 323/4 3,735,240 5 1973 D t 323 4 [73] Assgneei Texas Instruments Inwrlmmedi 3753,0721 851973 32359 Dallas, Tex.
[22] Filed: 1974 Primary ExaminerGerald Goldberg 2 App|l 44 ,233 Attorney, Agent, or FirmHarold Levine; Edward J.
Connors, Jr.; Stephen S. Sadacca Related U.S. Apphcatlon Data [63] Continuation of Ser. No. 263,8l9, June [9, 1972,
abandoned. [5 7] ABSTRACT 52 Us Cl 323/4 307/297 307/299 B; A reference bias regulator utilizes bOlh NPN and PNP 323/9; 330/ D transistors supplying a reference bias for constant cur- 511 lm. cu G05F 1/56 mm be used as load devices in low voltage [58] Field 0' Search 323/1 11 9, 22 T; integrated circuits thus eliminating the necessity to use 307/296, 297' 299 A, 299 B; 330/69 30 D large ohmic value external resistors. The regulator effectively maintains a current independent of source {56] References Cited and load variation.
UNITED STATES PATENTS 8 Claims, 8 Drawing Figures 3,534,245 10/1970 Limberg 323/4 w rvvv SUPPLY VOLTAGE REF. H1 P'zl'aE-q P5 RESISTOR a E g REFERENCE i TO SLAVE 5 2' REGULATOR 61 I 23 ne siign i 2 i ii F i 6 1? REF. TO 21918 g I i i l L 1 LL:
lo FROM CURREN T i SOURCE 1 13 REFERENCE m x I A %WTO SLAVE 43; START 5 3 /2|\ REGULATOR l 'I gi RESISTOR LJ+1 REF. TO 2|9l8 3 I '0 FROM CURRENT l L 'r SOURCE i REGULATE REHr'EHENCE I SUPPLY VOLTAGE I v+ DRIVE 2| J: I r J REFERENCE-J l RESOSTOR s RESISTOR FROM CURRENT SOURCE REFERENCE Fig: a SUPPLY VOLTAGE SHEET 2 P+ ISOLATION New Fig.4A
Fig, 5
SUPPLY REFERENCE Fig, 6
TO MASTER REGULATOR 1 L l \\\\\\\x i 1 REGULATOR WITH BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 263,819, filed June 19, 1972. and now abandoned.
Low powered electronically controlled timekeeping devices have been described in the literature. For example, one such device is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,560,998 and another in U.S. Pat. No. 3,505,804.
There have been proposals which suggest utilizing CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) technology in combination with liquid crystal displays primarily due to the power savings capability of such a configuration. Certain advantages, however, may be obtained utilizing bipolar technology for implementing the circuit logic of electronic watches; however, readily available battery sources provide on the order of one volt and it is exceedingly difficult to implement logic with bipolar integrated circuits using such voltage levels. Additional limitations are imposed due to integration requirements, these primarily being that it is difficult to obtain large resistances in integrated circuit format.
An electronic watch overcoming many of the abovementioned problems is disclosed in U.S. Patent application Ser. No. 264,212 filed June 19, 1972 by Clark R. Williams and Robert H. Schnurr for Electronic Timekeeping System", now U.S. Pat. No. 3,886,726, which disclosure is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Briefly, in accordance with that invention, a timekeeping device is provided which includes a battery operated bipolar integrated circuit for regulating display of the time, including means for displaying and independently setting the calendar date. A crystal controlled oscillator generates a master frequency. This frequency is applied to a frequency divider comprising a ripple counter of toggle flip-flops effective to produce a one hertz system clock signal. The toggle flip-flops respectively comprise bipolar transistors in a circuit configuration effective to operate from voltage sources which provide on the order of one volt. The system clock is applied to a series of counters and decode logic to effect generation of signals to drive circuitry for application to a liquid crystal display. Circuit means are provided for producing current sources as load devices in these circuits in lieu of high value external resistors. The current sources receive a regulated reference bias current and thus are independent of supply voltage fluctuations and load changes.
The regulator of the present invention provides such a regulated reference bias current source. Therefore it is a principal object of the present invention to provide a regulator circuit suitable for incorporation into integrated circuits to establish a regulated reference bias for constant current sources.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent upon reading the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments in conjunction with the drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a regulator in accordance with the present invention to insure that the constant current sources do not fluctuate;
FIG. 1A is the circuit of FIG. I redrawn;
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a constant current source;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a plurality of current sources;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a current source in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4A schematically depicts the current source of FIG. 4',
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the current source illustrated in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a slave regulator which may be utilized in accordance with the present invention;
In the disclosure of the above-referenced Williams and Schnurr application the regulator 16A of FIG. 2 is the system master regulator and in the illustrated twochip embodiment is connected to a slave regulator 16B. That is, as illustrated in FIG. 2 of that application. the seconds and minutes counters, decoders. and drivers are defined on one integrated circuit chip while the remaining circuitry is on a second integrated circuit chip. Since device parameters may vary from chip to chip, a master/slave regulator system is provided.
The regulator of the present invention is suitable for use as such a master/slave regulator.
The regulator circuitry in accordance with the present invention is described with reference to FIGS. 1-6.
The basic operation of a current source is depicted in FIG. 2. Transistor Tl defines a reference along with resistor R. Transistor Tl has its base and collector tied together and forms a diode. The current through this diode forms a voltage reference. The assumption is made that the base drive required in transistor T1 is small compared to its emitter current. When transistor T2 is connected as shown in FIG. 2, the potential established by the base-emitter drop of transistor T1 is placed across the base-emitter of T2. Therefore, the current that flows in the emitter of transistor T2 will be the same as that which flows in the emitter of transistor T1. It is assumed that currents I and 1,, are much smaller than the emitter currents l Therefore, the assumption is that the sum of 1 and I i.e., I is much smaller than the current I Thus, the current 1,, is deter mined by the value of resistor R. If transistors T1 and T2 are well-matched, then the collector current I of T2 will be essentially identical to the current that flows through the resistor R. The practical limitations of this type circuit are apparent in FIG. 3. When the basic current source is extended to have many current sources connected to it, then the assumption which was made above that the base current is small compared to the collector current in the reference section no longer holds. Also, the current that is established by the resistor R is directly dependent upon the supply voltage V.
In accordance with the present invention, a circuit is provided which sets a current I in the reference that is independent of supply voltage and also which is independent of the base current from the current sources I (FIG. 3). The regulator circuit of the present system is illustrated in FIG. I, wherein a fixed current flows in the emitter of transistor 5.
Operation of the regulator circuit of FIG. I is as follows. The current I in FIG. 1 is set to be about IS times as large as the current 1,. This ratio is established by the geometries of transistors l, 2, 3 and 4. This ratio is not critical. Because of the ratio between currents I and I,, the base-emitter voltages of transistor 6 and 7 are different. This voltage difference appears across the external resistor which is connected to ground and IC chip bonding 23. This resistor may, for example, be on the order of 68K ohms. Three-fourths of the collector currcnt of rcfcrcncc transistor 5 flows through this resistor to ground since three of the four collectors are commonly connected thereto. lf the current flowing through rcfcrcncc transistor 5 becomes too large. the potential acros the resistor will increase. This causes more ol t'tltt'ctti l, to go to base drive for transistor 7. Thcrcforc. more of currcnt I: will becon'ic collector current of rrrltnvistor 7. depriving transistor 8 of its base vtwho: transistor begins to turn off, it reduces the have time to ail cf the p n-p transistors used as cur- .Tiieictorc. liLllltslEilUl' 5 loses its base drive and its cur .t must decrease. If the current in transistor 5 dccrcascs too much. the voltage across the resistor sill drop dinning morc of the current of l, into the "csistor. This dcpiitcs transistor 7 of base drive and allous more ofcurrent 1 to go to base drive for transistor This. increases me basc drive to transistor 5 and all of the p-n-p transistors \thich are used current sources. The regulator circuit has a sufficient dynamic range to adjust itself to a fixed current established solvl by tlic L'tlcrtttll l'clLl'CllLL resistor. The current cst lished is thus independent of supply voltage. The itcr uh is connected between the collector and the base of transistor 7 is used to compensate the regulator and kccp it from oscillating. The resistor which is connected in the collector of transistor 8 is there to prevent SCR action from latching the regulatot. 'lransistu's i 10 and the cxtcrnal resistor attached to EC chip bonding pad 31 are used as a starting circuit to guarantee that the regulator will start up. One collec 1' goes to IC chips bonding pad 21. The current out i. int. collector is used as a reference for thc slate cut. guliuui .il Fltj. t: which may be located on .i trciil lC chip.
The circuit t li IA is the circuit of FIG. I redrawn in a iiltlltitil' hat may facilitate the above explanation and better illustrate the function of the various devices. in 1. transistors 2, 3, 4 and part of 1, inch are all connected in parallel in FIG, 1 are coinbiiicd tor l it e.. the fourth collectorl is shown in FIGv iA as i. Like" c two collector circuits of transistor 5 are depicted \sith separate transistors S'A and S'B. Assuming that the geometries to the transistors of FIG. IA are such that the ratios of currents l and I and cur- ;ciirs i and are ma ntained as in Fifi. l the opera-- tion of thc tvio circuits is exactly the same.
A schematic; of the slave regulator is illustrated in llC (i. Transistors l3. 14 and i5 form a current source v h 'h is Llli'CL'll} dependent upon the currcnt from the reference node of the master regulator described in FIG. i. Transistor 13 forms a reference baseemitter p..itential which then sets the emitter currents in transis rot s 14 and in. 'the difference in the number of :Riittcrs l stuc-cn transist l3 and 14 and transistor l thcic is an 8 to l ratio between the currents that lion il the collecto s of transistors 14 and 15. Transistor 12 Q :t rcfcrcnce 2.1115 sior for all of the current sourccs controlled by slave regulator. its current is established primarily by the collector current of transisun 15. A small amount ofthe current out ofthe Ctll fit.
i'ciit sourc tor Lll trunsis ransistor 12 and he 'tftlic current thereby rcducnig the basedrite to bri: it; its ci l cctor current iT'ilCln in in transistor 12 is too small. then transistor 16 will be deprived of basc drive. Transistor 17 will then receive additional base drive and it in turn will supply additional base drive for transistor 12. The capacitor bctween the collector and the base of transistor 16 is used to compensate the regulator and keep it from oscillatmg.
CURRENT SOURCE With reference to FIGS. 4. 4A and 5, a typical four collector p-n-p transistor which is used as a current source load in accordance with the present invention is illustrated. HO. 4 is a plan view illustrating the layout ofa typical current source transistor. For the illustrated example. a substrate 91 may. by way of example. bc comprised of p-type silicon. A p+ diffusion 88 defines an isolation barrier between various components on the substrate. The base region of the transistor comprises an n-type cpi layer 90. A DUF n-lregion 92 is formed to underlie the transistor structure. An n+ region 94 is formed for the base contact. Collectors C1, C2. C3 and C4 are formed around a central p diffused emitter rcgion 96. The transistor is schematically illustrated in FIG. 4A. Conventional integrated circuit fabrication techniques may be utilized in fabricating the transistor structure. Such techniques are well-known to those skilled in the art and need not be explained in detail hcrcin,
While various embodiments have been described in detail herein. it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
What is claimed is:
l. A reference bias regulator for a current source comprising.
a. a reference portion having a first bipolar transistor means of one type connected in emittencollector series with a reference resistor betwcen first and second reference nodes;
b. a differential regulator portion having second and third bipolar transistor means of said one type and fourth and fifth bipolar transistor means of the opposite type. resistance means and capacitance means. the bases of said transistor means of like types being connected together, the emitters of said transistor means of said one type being connected together and through said resistance means to the first reference node and the emitter of said fourth transistor means being connected to the second rcfcrcncc node, the collectors of said second and fourth transistor means being connected together and to one terminal of said capacitance means; the collectors of said third and fifth transistor means being connected together and to the bases of said fourth and fifth transistor means and to the other terminal of said capacitance means and the emitter of said fifth transistor means being connected to the junction of said reference resistor and said first transistor means; and
c. a drive portion having a sixth bipolar transistor means of said opposite type. the base of said sixth trai or means being connected to the collector of said second and fourth transistor means and the cnuttcr of said sixth transistor means being connected to said second reference node.
2. The regulator defined in claim 1 wherein said second, third. fourth and fifth transistor means are so arranged and constructed that the collector current of said second transistor means is greater than about fifteen times the collector current of said third transistor means.
3. The regulator as defined in claim 2 further including a start portion comprising further bipolar transistor means connected to said drive portion and arranged to insure initial start up of said regulator.
4. The regulator as defined in claim 1 further having a slave regulator portion comprising first, second, third and fourth additional bipolar transistor means of said one type with their emitters connected to one terminal of a supply voltage, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth additional bipolar transistor means of said other type with their emitters connected to the other terminal of a supply voltage, and additional capacitance means; the bases of said fifth, sixth and seventh additional transistor means and the collector of said fifth additional transistor means being connected to the collector of said first additional transistor means; the base of said first additional transistor means being connected to the base of said first transistor means; the bases of said second and third additional transistor means being connected to the collectors of said second and sixth additional transistor means; the collectors of said fourth and seventh additional transistor means being connected to the base of said eighth additional transistor means and to one terminal of said additional capacitance means; the collector of said third and eighth additional transistor means being connected to the base of said ninth additional transistor means and to the other terminal of said additional capacitance means; and the collector of said ninth additional transistor means being connected to the base of said fourth additional transistor means.
5. A regulator as defined in claim 4 wherein said second, third, fourth and fifth transistor means are so arranged and constructed that the collector current of said second transistor means is greater than about fifteen times the collector current of said third transistor means and wherein said first transistor means and said first additional transistor means are so arranged and constructed that the collector current of said first transistor means is more than about three times the collector current of said first additional transistor means.
6. The regulator as defined in claim 5 further including a start portion comprising further bipolar transistor means connected to said drive portion and arranged to assure initial start up of said regulator.
7. In a reference bias regulator for constant current sources wherein a master regulator output is taken from the base of a reference bipolar transistor means of one type connected in emitter-collector series with a reference resistor between the terminals of a voltage source. a slave regulator comprising:
first, second, third and furth bipolar transistor means of said one type with their emitters connected to one terminal of the supply voltage source. fifth. sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth bipolar transistor means of said other type with their emitters connected to the other terminal of said supply voltage source and capacitance means; the bases of said fifth, sixth and seventh transistor means and the collector of said fifth transistor means being connected to the collector of said first transistor means, the base of said first transistor means being connected to the base of said reference transistor, the bases of said second and third transistor means being connected to the collectors of said second and sixth transistor means, the collectors of said fourth and seventh transistor means being connected to the base of said eighth transistor means and to one terminal of said capacitance means, the collectors of said third and eighth transistor means being connected to the base of said ninth transistor means and to the other terminal of said capacitance means, and the collector of said ninth transistor means being connected to the base of said fourth transistor means.
8. A regulator as defined in claim 7 wherein said first transistor means is so arranged and constructed as to have a collector current less than about one-third, the
collector current of said reference transistor means.

Claims (8)

1. A reference bias regulator for a current source comprising: a. a reference portion having a first bipolar transistor means of one type connected in emitter-collector series with a reference resistor between first and second reference nodes; b. a differential regulator portion having second and third bipolar transistor means of said one type and fourth and fifth bipolar transistor means of the opposite type, resistance means and capacitance means, the bases of said transistor means of like types being connected together, the emitters of said transistor means of said one type being connected together and through said resistance means to the first reference node and the emitter of said fourth transistor means being connected to the second reference node, the collectors of said second and fourth transistor means being connected together and to one terminal of said capacitance means; the collectors of said third and fifth transistor means being connected together and to the bases of said fourth and fifth transistor means and to the other terminal of said capacitance means and the emitter of said fifth transistor means being connected to the junction of said reference resistor and said first transistor means; and c. a drive portion having a sixth bipolar transistor means of said opposite type, the base of said sixth transistor means being connected to the collector of said second and fourth transistor means and the emitter of said sixth transistor means being connected to said second reference node.
2. The regulator as defined in claim 1 wherein said second, third, fourth and fifth transistor means are so arranged and constructed that the collector current of said second transistor means is greater than about fifteen times the collector current of said third transistor means.
3. The regulator as defined in claim 2 further including a start portion comprising further bipolar transistor means connected to said drive portion and arranged to insure initial start up of said regulator.
4. The regulator as defined in claim 1 further having a slave regulator portion comprising first, second, third and fourth additional bipolar transistor means of said one type with their emitters connected to one terminal of a supply voltage, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth additional bipolar transistor means of said other type with their emitters connected to the other terminal Of a supply voltage, and additional capacitance means; the bases of said fifth, sixth and seventh additional transistor means and the collector of said fifth additional transistor means being connected to the collector of said first additional transistor means; the base of said first additional transistor means being connected to the base of said first transistor means; the bases of said second and third additional transistor means being connected to the collectors of said second and sixth additional transistor means; the collectors of said fourth and seventh additional transistor means being connected to the base of said eighth additional transistor means and to one terminal of said additional capacitance means; the collector of said third and eighth additional transistor means being connected to the base of said ninth additional transistor means and to the other terminal of said additional capacitance means; and the collector of said ninth additional transistor means being connected to the base of said fourth additional transistor means.
5. A regulator as defined in claim 4 wherein said second, third, fourth and fifth transistor means are so arranged and constructed that the collector current of said second transistor means is greater than about fifteen times the collector current of said third transistor means and wherein said first transistor means and said first additional transistor means are so arranged and constructed that the collector current of said first transistor means is more than about three times the collector current of said first additional transistor means.
6. The regulator as defined in claim 5 further including a start portion comprising further bipolar transistor means connected to said drive portion and arranged to assure initial start up of said regulator.
7. In a reference bias regulator for constant current sources wherein a master regulator output is taken from the base of a reference bipolar transistor means of one type connected in emitter-collector series with a reference resistor between the terminals of a voltage source, a slave regulator comprising: first, second, third and furth bipolar transistor means of said one type with their emitters connected to one terminal of the supply voltage source, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth bipolar transistor means of said other type with their emitters connected to the other terminal of said supply voltage source and capacitance means; the bases of said fifth, sixth and seventh transistor means and the collector of said fifth transistor means being connected to the collector of said first transistor means, the base of said first transistor means being connected to the base of said reference transistor, the bases of said second and third transistor means being connected to the collectors of said second and sixth transistor means, the collectors of said fourth and seventh transistor means being connected to the base of said eighth transistor means and to one terminal of said capacitance means, the collectors of said third and eighth transistor means being connected to the base of said ninth transistor means and to the other terminal of said capacitance means, and the collector of said ninth transistor means being connected to the base of said fourth transistor means.
8. A regulator as defined in claim 7 wherein said first transistor means is so arranged and constructed as to have a collector current less than about one-third, the collector current of said reference transistor means.
US444233A 1972-06-19 1974-02-20 Regulator with bipolar transistors Expired - Lifetime US3893017A (en)

Priority Applications (20)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00263919A US3838564A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Oscillator
US00264216A US3783308A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Flip-flop element
US00263920A US3809994A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Low power dc-dc converter employing intermittent bursts of blocking oscillations
US00263818A US3828548A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Liquid crystal drive circuit
US264212A US3886726A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Electronic time keeping system
GB2279773A GB1435791A (en) 1972-06-19 1973-05-14 Electronic timekeeping system
DE2326899A DE2326899A1 (en) 1972-06-19 1973-05-25 ELECTRONIC TIMING DEVICE
CA174,294A CA990349A (en) 1972-06-19 1973-06-18 Dc/dc convertor
CA174,307A CA1006914A (en) 1972-06-19 1973-06-18 Current source regulator for electronic timekeeping device
CA174,322A CA999356A (en) 1972-06-19 1973-06-18 Liquid crystal drive circuit
CA174,292A CA1010971A (en) 1972-06-19 1973-06-18 Electronic time keeping system
CA174,309A CA975063A (en) 1972-06-19 1973-06-18 Oscillator
CA174,295A CA1006588A (en) 1972-06-19 1973-06-18 Flip-flop element
CA174,308A CA1011431A (en) 1972-06-19 1973-06-18 Time counting system
CH888073A CH600417B5 (en) 1972-06-19 1973-06-19 ELECTRONIC WATCH, ESPECIALLY ELECTRONIC BRACELET WATCH.
CH888073D CH888073A4 (en) 1972-06-19 1973-06-19
US444233A US3893017A (en) 1972-06-19 1974-02-20 Regulator with bipolar transistors
US05/547,147 US4080780A (en) 1972-06-19 1975-02-05 Electronic time keeping system
CA257,423A CA1013030A (en) 1972-06-19 1975-07-21 Current source regulator for electronic timekeeping device
CA257,422A CA1013029A (en) 1972-06-19 1976-07-21 Current source regulator for electronic timekeeping device

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US26381972A 1972-06-19 1972-06-19
US26382072A 1972-06-19 1972-06-19
US26421672A 1972-06-19 1972-06-19
US00263920A US3809994A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Low power dc-dc converter employing intermittent bursts of blocking oscillations
US264212A US3886726A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Electronic time keeping system
US00263818A US3828548A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Liquid crystal drive circuit
US00263919A US3838564A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Oscillator
US444233A US3893017A (en) 1972-06-19 1974-02-20 Regulator with bipolar transistors

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US3893017A true US3893017A (en) 1975-07-01

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US00263919A Expired - Lifetime US3838564A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Oscillator
US00264216A Expired - Lifetime US3783308A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Flip-flop element
US00263920A Expired - Lifetime US3809994A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Low power dc-dc converter employing intermittent bursts of blocking oscillations
US00263818A Expired - Lifetime US3828548A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Liquid crystal drive circuit
US264212A Expired - Lifetime US3886726A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Electronic time keeping system
US444233A Expired - Lifetime US3893017A (en) 1972-06-19 1974-02-20 Regulator with bipolar transistors
US05/547,147 Expired - Lifetime US4080780A (en) 1972-06-19 1975-02-05 Electronic time keeping system

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US00263919A Expired - Lifetime US3838564A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Oscillator
US00264216A Expired - Lifetime US3783308A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Flip-flop element
US00263920A Expired - Lifetime US3809994A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Low power dc-dc converter employing intermittent bursts of blocking oscillations
US00263818A Expired - Lifetime US3828548A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Liquid crystal drive circuit
US264212A Expired - Lifetime US3886726A (en) 1972-06-19 1972-06-19 Electronic time keeping system

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US05/547,147 Expired - Lifetime US4080780A (en) 1972-06-19 1975-02-05 Electronic time keeping system

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CA (8) CA999356A (en)
CH (2) CH600417B5 (en)
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CA975063A (en) 1975-09-23
US3886726A (en) 1975-06-03
CA1010971A (en) 1977-05-24
US3828548A (en) 1974-08-13
CH600417B5 (en) 1978-06-15
CA1006588A (en) 1977-03-08
US3809994A (en) 1974-05-07
CA999356A (en) 1976-11-02
CH888073A4 (en) 1977-07-15
US3838564A (en) 1974-10-01
US4080780A (en) 1978-03-28
CA1006914A (en) 1977-03-15
CA1011431A (en) 1977-05-31
GB1435791A (en) 1976-05-12
CA1013030A (en) 1977-06-28
CA990349A (en) 1976-06-01
US3783308A (en) 1974-01-01
DE2326899A1 (en) 1974-01-10

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