US3891730A - Method for making metal powder - Google Patents

Method for making metal powder Download PDF

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Publication number
US3891730A
US3891730A US256386A US25638672A US3891730A US 3891730 A US3891730 A US 3891730A US 256386 A US256386 A US 256386A US 25638672 A US25638672 A US 25638672A US 3891730 A US3891730 A US 3891730A
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United States
Prior art keywords
atomizing
mandrel
droplets
molten metal
fluid
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US256386A
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English (en)
Inventor
Otto Wessel
Georg Hofmann
Hartmut Gesell
Werner Scholz
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Vodafone GmbH
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Mannesmann AG
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Publication date
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Metal powder is produced by atomizing a hollow stream of molten metal, using pressurized fluid from the inside or from the outside. The molten metal is atomized right when or shortly after flowing off a hollow mandrel, into which either the atomizing fluid or a sustaining fluid for the hollow stream is fed. Additional fluid jets redirect and/or additionally atomize the droplets as formed and flow-directed by the principle atomizing process.
  • the present invention relates to a method for making metal powder by means of atomizing molten metal that is poured from a vessel, using a fluid as an atomizing agent.
  • atomizing molten metal using highly pressurized air, nitrogen, argon or water as atomizing agent, and directing such atomizing fluid as a jet against a stream of molten metal.
  • the jet is ejected. for example, from an annular nozzle or in flat sheets.
  • the molten metal pours from a tundish, which is disposed above the nozzle unit, in a rather thin stream. This stream is exposed to the jet of atomizing fluid, usually in a particular level. If the nozzle unit has annular configuration, the molten metal pours through the central aperture of the unit.
  • the nozzle unit provides two such intersecting sheets with V-shaped configuration in cross section.
  • the droplets which become the powder particles are actually cast or thrown almost vertically down by operation of the downward directed component of the atomizing jet as acting on the stream from all sides.
  • large containers are used for permitting the droplets to solidify along a rather long path of free fall in an atmosphere of an inert gas. This is necessary to prevent caking or sintering of the droplets in the container bottom.
  • the diameter of the poured metal stream must be small, in absolute terms as well as in relation to the diameter of the opening in the nozzle unit through which the metal stream pours. This is absolutely necessary, because it must be avoided that metal drops touch the relatively cold wall of the nozzle unit, which may provide some welding action.
  • an annular nozzle unit may have a central opening of about 70 mm. In such a case, the diameter for the stream of molten metal should not exceed mm. Accordingly, the powder production rate is quite limited.
  • the stream of molten metal is to have hollow configuration. preferably circular-annular configuration in cross section.
  • the ladle or tundish from which the molten metal is to be poured should have an annular outlet to produce a hollow string-like stream.
  • the ladle or tundish from which the molten metal is to be poured should have an annular outlet to produce a hollow string-like stream.
  • molten metal runs as a film in a sheath-like flow over and along the surface of a mandrel serving as a guide for this tubular stream.
  • the hollow stream of molten metal is preferably atomized from the inside.
  • the stream is atomized progressively from the inside towards the outside.
  • the metal is atomized from the outside through an annular nozzle.
  • gas is used to contain the stream; for example, (but not necessarily) the same gas that serves as atomizing agent, is fed to the interior of the hollow stream.
  • the pressure of the sustaining gas is maintained sufficiently high so that the hollow stream is not constricted or pinched off in the atomizing region when impacted from the outside.
  • the second jet may, for example, send the droplets on a parabolic path, so that it is well solidified when finally dropping on the heap of collected powder particles.
  • the invention offers the following advantages over atomization with a non-hollow stream:
  • a hollow stream when atomized from the inside can be atomized at maximum speed of the atomizing agent, if the atomizing jet hits right where the hollow stream drops off a mandrel.
  • the powder quality is enhanced as the grain size is more uniform and finer, i.e. the production of coarse particles is actually inhibited.
  • FIGS. 1 through 4 each show longitudinal section views through closed-container equipment for atomizing molten metal in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates atomizing equipment in an open container.
  • the molten metal 2 is contained in a tundish Molten metal may be poured into tundish 1 from a ladle or the like, to replenish the supply. Except in FIG. 5, the tundish I is sealingly mounted to the top of a closed atomizing vessel, or container 7 in FIG. 1, 7' in FIG. 2, 7" in FIG. 3 and 7" in FIG. 4. The several closed containers are provided with outlets I4 and 15 to discharge excess atomizing fluid.
  • FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 Common to FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 is a hollow mandrel 4 which is particularly mounted to traverse the bottom opening of tundish l, forming an annular opening 41 therewith. Accordingly, molten metal 2 does not just pour from tundish I but runs as a film or sheath 3 along the outer surface of mandrel 4. The hollow stream as defined by film 3 of molten metal has annular configuration.
  • atomizing fluid is fed to the upper part of hollow mandrel 4 by means of a suitable conduit 8.
  • Hollow mandrel 4 by itself is open at the bottom, but a plunger 5 is provided for partially closing the mandrel.
  • the plunger is provided with a curved internal contour, coacting with a curved bottom configuration of mandrel 4 to establish an annular nozzle from which atomizing fluid is ejected with strong radially outwardly directed component of jet flow. That annular, outwardly directed jet hits immediately the molten metal film 3 as it runs down along the outer surface of the mandrel 4, so that the metal is atomized immediately at the nozzle exit. in a region denoted with reference numeral 6.
  • the plunger 5 can be vertically adjusted so that the nozzle gap is adjusted therewith.
  • the curved contour of plunger 5 and of the lower end of mandrel 4 determines the direction in which the metal drops fly when produced.
  • the curvature of the nozzle may even be selected so that the molten drops fly with an upward component of movement.
  • the atomizing jet should be directed almost straight down.
  • FIG. 2 shows a tubular element 24, having disposition to project towards tundish 1 from below and holding mandrel 9 which projects to some extent into the tundish.
  • the mandrel 9 has somewhat conical configura tion which provides also here for an annular gap flow passage with the tundish opening.
  • An annular nozzle is established between the top of the tubular element 24 and the mandrel 9, particularly where the film 3 of molten metal runs off mandrel 9.
  • the atomizing jet is directed straight outwardly blowing the resulting droplets in an almost horizontal direction.
  • a conduit 8 leads into the tube 24 from below for feeding pressurized fluid into the tube 24 for discharge through the nozzle gap between elements 9 and 24.
  • Container 7' is provided with a slanted bottom.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a hollow mandrel 4 which is open at the bottom.
  • the mandrel connects to a conduit 12 for connection to a source of pressure fluid for maintaining the tubular configuration of the metal film 3 as it runs off the mandrel.
  • a relatively large annular nozzle unit of conventional construction is disposed underneath the mandrel inside of vessel or container 7".
  • the hollow stream of molten metal is atomized through conical inwardly directed jet, but the pressure inside of the hollow stream prevents inward evasion of the molten metal on impact by the high speed atomizing agent.
  • the conduit 8' for the pressurized atomizing fluid connects to the nozzle unit 10. possibly at different points along its circumference to obtain a uniform conical jet sheet configuration.
  • the atomizing and hollow stream sustaining fluids may be the same, but, of course, the atomizing fluid has considerably higher pressure.
  • the atomizing apparatus as shown in FIG. 5 is not encased.
  • the mandrel 44, used here, has edge 13 from which the film 3 separates upon flowing down, continuing in free fall from the edge.
  • the hollow metal stream enters as free fall in the atomizing zone.
  • the metal droplets resulting from atomization drop into a water filled quenching tank.

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  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
US256386A 1971-05-27 1972-05-24 Method for making metal powder Expired - Lifetime US3891730A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19712126856 DE2126856B2 (de) 1971-05-27 1971-05-27 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von metallpulver

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3891730A true US3891730A (en) 1975-06-24

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ID=5809336

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US256386A Expired - Lifetime US3891730A (en) 1971-05-27 1972-05-24 Method for making metal powder

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US (1) US3891730A (enExample)
AT (1) AT334169B (enExample)
BE (1) BE784042A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2126856B2 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2138787A1 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1398764A (enExample)
IT (1) IT956231B (enExample)
SE (1) SE370194B (enExample)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4116656A (en) * 1976-06-21 1978-09-26 Central Glass Company, Limited Method of manufacturing fibers of inorganic material and apparatus for same
US4206161A (en) * 1976-10-18 1980-06-03 Dai Nippon Toryo Co., Ltd. Method of producing resin powder
US4374645A (en) * 1980-07-04 1983-02-22 Paul Wurth S.A. Process for granulation of slag
US4374789A (en) * 1981-09-08 1983-02-22 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Metallic particle generation device
US4420031A (en) * 1977-06-08 1983-12-13 Sven Eketorp Method of casting metal including disintegration of molten metal
US4548768A (en) * 1982-08-31 1985-10-22 Aluminum Company Of America Method for the production of atomized metal particles
US4576767A (en) * 1982-08-31 1986-03-18 Aluminum Company Of America Method for controlling powder production
US4585601A (en) * 1982-08-31 1986-04-29 Aluminum Company Of America Method for controlling the production of atomized powder
US4592879A (en) * 1982-11-12 1986-06-03 Aluminum Company Of America Method for the control of particle size in the production of atomized metal
US4597919A (en) * 1982-08-31 1986-07-01 Aluminum Company Of America Process for the production of particulate metal
US4764329A (en) * 1987-06-12 1988-08-16 The United States Of American As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Producing explosive material in granular form
US4863645A (en) * 1987-09-29 1989-09-05 Union Oil Company Of California Apparatus and process for producing particulate sulfur
US4966736A (en) * 1985-12-19 1990-10-30 Union Oil Company Of California Process for preparing sulfur having uniform particle size distribution
US5114470A (en) * 1990-10-04 1992-05-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce Producing void-free metal alloy powders by melting as well as atomization under nitrogen ambient
US5147448A (en) * 1990-10-01 1992-09-15 Nuclear Metals, Inc. Techniques for producing fine metal powder
WO2002004154A1 (de) * 2000-07-07 2002-01-17 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zerstäuben von metallschmelzen
WO2002004687A1 (de) * 2000-07-07 2002-01-17 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung Gmbh Vorrichtung zum zerstäuben und granulieren von flüssigen schlacken
WO2019151568A1 (ko) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-08 삼영기계(주) 주조용 압탕 및 주조 구조체

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4025249A (en) * 1976-01-30 1977-05-24 United Technologies Corporation Apparatus for making metal powder
IL74267A (en) * 1984-02-29 1988-01-31 Gen Electric Method of atomization of melt from a closely coupled nozzle,apparatus and product formed
GB8407381D0 (en) * 1984-03-21 1984-04-26 Johnson Matthey Plc Production of metal particles from molten metal
AT409265B (de) * 2000-10-02 2002-07-25 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklg Vorrichtung zum zerstäuben von schmelzen
CN119457098B (zh) * 2025-01-16 2025-05-06 成都市天甫金属粉体有限责任公司 一种连续式金属粉末制造装置及方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2508462A (en) * 1945-03-17 1950-05-23 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Method and apparatus for the manufacture of synthetic staple fibers
US3588951A (en) * 1968-11-08 1971-06-29 William G Hegmann Fractional disintegrating apparatus

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2508462A (en) * 1945-03-17 1950-05-23 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Method and apparatus for the manufacture of synthetic staple fibers
US3588951A (en) * 1968-11-08 1971-06-29 William G Hegmann Fractional disintegrating apparatus

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4116656A (en) * 1976-06-21 1978-09-26 Central Glass Company, Limited Method of manufacturing fibers of inorganic material and apparatus for same
US4206161A (en) * 1976-10-18 1980-06-03 Dai Nippon Toryo Co., Ltd. Method of producing resin powder
US4420031A (en) * 1977-06-08 1983-12-13 Sven Eketorp Method of casting metal including disintegration of molten metal
US4374645A (en) * 1980-07-04 1983-02-22 Paul Wurth S.A. Process for granulation of slag
US4374789A (en) * 1981-09-08 1983-02-22 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Metallic particle generation device
US4597919A (en) * 1982-08-31 1986-07-01 Aluminum Company Of America Process for the production of particulate metal
US4548768A (en) * 1982-08-31 1985-10-22 Aluminum Company Of America Method for the production of atomized metal particles
US4576767A (en) * 1982-08-31 1986-03-18 Aluminum Company Of America Method for controlling powder production
US4585601A (en) * 1982-08-31 1986-04-29 Aluminum Company Of America Method for controlling the production of atomized powder
US4592879A (en) * 1982-11-12 1986-06-03 Aluminum Company Of America Method for the control of particle size in the production of atomized metal
US4966736A (en) * 1985-12-19 1990-10-30 Union Oil Company Of California Process for preparing sulfur having uniform particle size distribution
US4764329A (en) * 1987-06-12 1988-08-16 The United States Of American As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Producing explosive material in granular form
US4863645A (en) * 1987-09-29 1989-09-05 Union Oil Company Of California Apparatus and process for producing particulate sulfur
US5147448A (en) * 1990-10-01 1992-09-15 Nuclear Metals, Inc. Techniques for producing fine metal powder
US5114470A (en) * 1990-10-04 1992-05-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce Producing void-free metal alloy powders by melting as well as atomization under nitrogen ambient
WO2002004154A1 (de) * 2000-07-07 2002-01-17 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zerstäuben von metallschmelzen
WO2002004687A1 (de) * 2000-07-07 2002-01-17 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung Gmbh Vorrichtung zum zerstäuben und granulieren von flüssigen schlacken
US6803016B2 (en) 2000-07-07 2004-10-12 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklung Gmbh Device for atomizing and granulating liquid slags
WO2019151568A1 (ko) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-08 삼영기계(주) 주조용 압탕 및 주조 구조체

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA340072A (de) 1976-04-15
IT956231B (it) 1973-10-10
BE784042A (fr) 1972-09-18
FR2138787A1 (enExample) 1973-01-05
GB1398764A (en) 1975-06-25
AT334169B (de) 1976-01-10
DE2126856A1 (enExample) 1972-11-23
SE370194B (enExample) 1974-10-07
DE2126856B2 (de) 1972-11-23

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