US3889033A - Transferring paper for electrophotography - Google Patents

Transferring paper for electrophotography Download PDF

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Publication number
US3889033A
US3889033A US337118A US33711873A US3889033A US 3889033 A US3889033 A US 3889033A US 337118 A US337118 A US 337118A US 33711873 A US33711873 A US 33711873A US 3889033 A US3889033 A US 3889033A
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United States
Prior art keywords
transferring
paper
sec
smoothness
carrier resistance
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Expired - Lifetime
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US337118A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hiroshi Tanaka
Ikuo Soma
Yoshikazu Ito
Masayasu Kamijo
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Canon Inc
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Canon Inc
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Publication of US3889033A publication Critical patent/US3889033A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
    • G03G7/0006—Cover layers for image-receiving members; Strippable coversheets
    • G03G7/002—Organic components thereof
    • G03G7/0026—Organic components thereof being macromolecular
    • G03G7/004—Organic components thereof being macromolecular obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
    • G03G7/0006—Cover layers for image-receiving members; Strippable coversheets
    • G03G7/0013—Inorganic components thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y10T428/259—Silicic material

Definitions

  • a transferring paper for an electrophotographic process comprising developing an electric latent image with a liquid developer and transferring the image thus developed comprises a base paper and a coating layer produced by coating on the base paper a coating agent composed of 50 500 parts (as solid) of polymer emulsion having a second order transition temperature of from 40C to 25C as a binder and 100 parts of a white inorganic filler at an amount of 2 l0 g./m (as solid), carrier resistance of the resulting transferring surface being 1.5 15 sec., smoothness of the resulting transferring surface being 30 300 sec. and density being 0.75 1.00 g./cm
  • Japanese Patent Publication No. 24077/1970 discloses an electrophotographic method which comprises applying a blanket corona charging to a photosensitive plate composed of a support such as aluminum plate, a photoconductive layer (CdS-binder system etc.) overlying the support and an insulating layer overlying the photoconductive layer, imagewise exposing simultaneously with applying a corona charging of a polarity opposite to that of the blanket corona charging or AC corona charging, applying a blanket irradiation to produce an electric latent image, developing the resulting electric latent image with a liquid developer, and transferring the resulting developed image to a transferring paper.
  • a blanket corona charging to a photosensitive plate composed of a support such as aluminum plate, a photoconductive layer (CdS-binder system etc.) overlying the support and an insulating layer overlying the photoconductive layer
  • imagewise exposing simultaneously with applying a corona charging of a polarity opposite to that of the blanket corona charging or AC cor
  • a transferring paper for transferring a toner image obtained by developing an electric latent image with a dry developing agent has been already known and disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 20152/1966 and others, but such transferring paper can not used for transferring of an image developed with a liquid developer.
  • a new transferring paper for liquid development has been demanded.
  • a transferring paper to which an image obtained by developing an electric latent image on an electrophotographic photosensitive member with a liquid developer is transferred, which comprises a base paper and a coating layer thereon in an amount of 2 g./m composed of 50 500 parts by weight of a polymer having a second order transition temperature of 40C to C and 100 parts by weight of a white inorganic filler, the carrier resistance of the transferring surface being 1.5 to I5 sec., the smoothness of the transferring surface being to 300 sec. according to the measuring method as defined in the specification, and the density being 0.95 to 1.00 g./cm.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a transferring paper of good transferability to which an image obtained by developing an electric latent image on an electrophotographic photosensitive member with a liquid developer is transferred.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide the transferring paper of excellent fixation of a transferred image.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide the transferring paper consuming less amount of a liquid developer andof good drying property.
  • FIG. I shows an apparatus of measuring a carrier resistance
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing a relation between a carrier resistance and a second order transition temperature (Tg value);
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing a relation between density of a transferred image and a carrier resistance
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relation between density of a transferred image and smoothness of the surface.
  • Carrier Resistance As a carrier for a liquid developer, there may be used a carrier used in conventional wet developing process for electrophotography and electrostatic "recording.
  • the liquid is a highly electric resistant organic solvent of volume resistivity of higher than 10 Ohm-cm and dielectric constant of less than 3, which does not destroy an electrostatic image, such as paraffin organic solvents, for example, liquid paraffin and liquid is'oparaffin.
  • paraffin organic solvents for example, liquid paraffin and liquid is'oparaffin.
  • isopar'affin organic solvents there may be mentioned lsopar H, G and L supplied by ESSO.
  • carrier resistance in the present invention is a resistance to penetration of a paraffin organic solvent such as, for example, lsopar as used for liquid developer.
  • a carrier liquid penetrates a transferring paper upon transferring so that a sufficient electrophoresis transferring can not be effected and the resulting transferred image is blu'rried. Furthermore, much liquid developer is consumed and drying property is lowered so that there is a problem in practical operation.
  • Degree of carrier resistance is determined by the following method according to the present invention, and an appropriate carrier resistance range is defined by the value determined by the method.
  • a sample for measuring 1 is set to a metal frame 2, and an injector 4 for dropping a carrier liquid is horizontally fixed to a support 6.
  • a micrometer 5 is gradually rotated to drop I drop of a carrier liquid (lsopar G, supplied by ESSO) to a circle of 7 mm in dia. on the sample paper.
  • a stopwatch is actuated and then stopped when the one drop of carrier liquid penetrates over the whole area of the circle 3 of 7 mm. in dia. and the portion of the paper has become transparent.
  • the period of time thus measured is used as a degree of carrier resistance.
  • the distance between the injector needle and the sample surface is about 2 cm.
  • the injector for dropping a carrier liquid is that of 1 cc. or 2 cc. and the needle is a type of 1/3.
  • the volume of one drop under the above mentioned condition is about 0.004
  • the practical degree of carrier resistance as measured by the above mentioned method is from 1.5 to 15 sec., preferred with from about 2 to sec. This will be explained in connection with Examples.
  • Density ,Most important properties of transferring paper are carrier resistance and smoothness. In addition, density of a transferring paper is also important which is related to carrier resistance and smoothness.
  • Density of. paper varies depending upon degree of beating, composition of coating agent, amount of coating agent, conditions of calender or supercalender. In order to improve carrier resistance of a transferring paper, a porous paper is not preferable. As the result of research, it has now been found that density of the transferring paper should be higher than 0.75 g./cm
  • density of transferring paper of good fixation should be less than 1.00 g./cm"., preferred with less than 0.97 g./cm". when the smoothness is lower than 300 sec. and the coating agent of the present invention is employed.
  • Density of paper is calculated according to the following formula,
  • W is a basic weight (g./m determined according to JISP 8124 and T is thickness (mm.).
  • T is determined by using a micrometer according to JISP 8] l8, i.e. a diameter of the smaller one of two planes being about 14 mm.
  • the carrier resistance mainly depends on the film forming state of the surface coating layer, i.e. barrier property, but not on thickness and basic weight of paper as far as the basic weight is in a range of that of usual copying paper.
  • the thickness of the paper affects the carrier resistance.
  • the carrier resistance becomes higher than 2 4 sec. by the effect of thickness of paper and basic weight even when the barrier property of the coating layer itself is not sufficient.
  • the paper used in this invention is usually a paper of basic weight lower than 150 g./m particularly, lower than 100 g./m
  • the coating compositions used in this invention is mainly composed of an inorganic filler and a polymer emulsion binder.
  • a ratio of the inorganic filler to a binder and the second order transition temperature are very important.
  • the polymer emulsion as mentioned above is a general term for the thermoplastic resin emulsions, synthetic rubber latex and the like.
  • conventional coated paper such as printing paper, there are contained of white inorganic fillers and 20 10% of binder (as solid), that is, inorganic fillers are mainly contained.
  • the amount of inorganic filler is usually more than the binder for the purpose of improving the printing property.
  • the transferring paper of the present invention is fundamentally different from conventional coated paper, that is, the amount of polymer emulsion binders (as solid) is more than that of inorganic fillers.
  • the amount of polymer emulsion binders (as solid) is more than that of inorganic fillers.
  • 50 500 parts, preferably 400 parts (as solid) of the polymer emulsion binder is used for 100 parts of the inorganic filler (white).
  • amount of the binder is less than the above mentioned one, the barrier property is low and the carrier resistance is insufficient.
  • the amount of the polymer emulsion binder is more than 500 parts, the resulting coating causes a blocking tendency to the back side of the winding-up paper or the roll surface after coating, and thereby, surface of the coating layer is deteriorated and it is different to obtain a desirable property.
  • white inorganic filler a filler of small particle size, particularly, that which does not have coarse particle larger than 3 microns as far as possible, is preferable.
  • a filler of small particle size particularly, that which does not have coarse particle larger than 3 microns as far as possible, is preferable.
  • clay for coating paper titanium oxide, and calcium carbonate.
  • Tg value second order transition temperature
  • polymer having Tg value of lower than 25C, preferred with lower than 0C polymer is apt to flow when dried after coating. Furthermore, an emulsion of a polymer having lower Tg value easily migrates to the surface of coating and therefore, barrier property and carrier resistance of the resulting paper is improved. When the surface is smoothened by calender, the inorganic filler particles enters the inner portion of the paper layer and the polymer flows by heat and nip pressure to improve barrier property and lessen the penetration of carrier.
  • Tg value is too low such as lower than 40C
  • the coating is sticky even after drying at the above mentioned ratio of binder to inorganic filler, and a part of coating is taken up by the roll surface so that the formation of coating is disturbed.
  • the fixation property becomes remarkably good. This cause is considered as follows. After transferring a visible image, a temperature of about 50C is applied to a paper at a fixation step and therefore, the polymer binder having Tg value of lower than 25C, particularly 0C, is softened by heat to improve the fixing property of toner particles.
  • a small amount of a water soluble polymer may be incorporated to the above mentioned composition comprising a polymer emulsion binder and white filler so long as thermal softening of the polymer binder in the coating is not disturbed.
  • Amount of the water soluble polymer should be adjusted in accordance with Tg value of emulsion binder and the ratio to inorganic filler.
  • the transferring surface of the transferred paper is coated with the above mentioned coating layer, but the non-transferring portion may be optionally coated with a coating other than the above mentioned one.
  • both sides of a transferring paper are used for receiving transferred images, the both sides are also coated with the coating according to the present invention.
  • the relations among carrier resistance as defined by the above mentioned measurement, surface smoothness and density of transferred image are shown inF 1G. 3 and FIG. 4.
  • the black circle line in the figures corresponds to a case of weak squeezing of a liquid developer (i.e. much liquid developer) while the white circle corresponds to a case of strong squeezing of a liquid developer (i.e. little liquid developer).
  • EXAMPLE 1 A mixture of nonionic polyvinyl acetate emulsion and clay (solid ratio, 1:2) was coated on a base paper (60 g./m at an amount of 7 8 g./m (both side, as solid) by on-machine size press and dried, followed by machine calender treatment.
  • the Tg value of emulsion in this case was 30C.
  • the resulting paper had the following properties:
  • sample B having the above mentioned properties were used for transferring under the same conditions as sample A, but satisfactory transferring was not effected.
  • the transferring property and fixing property were excellent.
  • EXAMPLE 3 Transferring papers were prepared by using acrylic series emulsions having Tg value as shown below and compared with each other.
  • the emulsions l 4 in Table 5 above were mixed with an aqueous solution of polyvinylalcohol and clay at a ratio of 5:1:4 (as solid), impregnated in a base paper (60 g./m containing 20% of titanium oxide based on pulp at an amount of 8 g./m and subjected to super calender treatment (for example J, K, L and M). Sample M was further subjected to an intensified super calender treatment to increase the smoothness Table 3 and thus samples N and 0 were produced. Properties Ratio of of these samples are shown in Table 6.
  • Tg value Titanium oxide serves to prevent the formation of a transparency to a great extent when the carrier peney ggy acrylate 22% trates the paper, and in case of samples N and O of 5 60/40 25% good carrier resistance the pinhole is not noticeable. (g) 38' $58 ,g Therefore, the resulting transferring papers are also l suitable for both side transferring.
  • the density was 0.81 0.82 g./cm for each sample.
  • a base paper 54 g./m at E C less than 60-65 X X an amount of about 4 g./m
  • a base paper was preliminarily coated a mixture of vinyl G 25C 3.7-4.2 90-100 0 8 acetate emulsion (Tg value of 35C) and clay (1:7) at H 8C 4.8-5.2 -120 0 2 I 5M5] blocking sticky an amount of about 4 g./m
  • the paper thus coated on both sides was subjected to calender.
  • Table 8 Carrier Binder/clay resistance Smooth Density Transferring ratio (sec.) (sec) (g./cm”.) property Fixing property 700/100 l5.2l7.0 l80200 0.85 O A (very sticky) 500/100 12.5-14.0 l70l90 0.88 O 8 (somewhat sticky) 400/100 11.3-12.5 190-210 0.88 0 100/100 6.5-7.8 230-240 0.93 O 50/100 3.7-4.5 270-290 0.95 O 0 /100 2.5-3.5 320-340 0.98 O A EXAMP 6 in Table 9 below, clay and barium sulfate were mixed at a ratio of 5:4: 1, coated on a base paper (60 g./m at an amount of 5 g./m and subjected to calender treatment. Properties of the resulting transferring paper are shown in Table 9 below.
  • the density was 0.87 g./cm'". in each case.
  • the resulting transferring paper gave a transferred image of sufficient density and sharpness and good fixation.
  • EXAMPLE 7 carrier resistance 5.2 5.8 sec. smoothness 80 85 sec. density 0.85 g./cm".
  • the transferring paper gave a transferred image of sufficient density and sharpness, and the fixation was also excellent.
  • a transferring paper for an electrophotographic process comprising developing an electric latent image with a liquid'developer and transferring the image thus developed to the transferring paper which comprises a base paper and a coating layer produced by coating on the base paper a coating agent composed of -400 parts (as solid) of a polymer emulsion having a second order transition temperature of from 40C to 25C as a binder, and 100 parts of a white inorganic filler of a particle size of less than 3 microns and selected from the group consisting of clay, titanium oxide, calcium carbonate and barium sulfate in the amount of 2-10 g./m (as a solid), carrier resistance of the resulting transferring surface being 1.5-15 sec., smoothness of the resulting transferring surface being 30-300 sec. and density being 0.75-100 g./cm.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
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US337118A 1972-03-03 1973-03-01 Transferring paper for electrophotography Expired - Lifetime US3889033A (en)

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JP2200272A JPS5623152B2 (ja) 1972-03-03 1972-03-03

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998004960A1 (en) * 1996-07-25 1998-02-05 Minnesota Mining And Maufacturing Company Method of providing images on an image receptor medium
US6057394A (en) * 1995-12-05 2000-05-02 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Thermoplastic compositions with improved X-ray contrast
NL2018013B1 (en) * 2016-12-16 2018-06-26 Xeikon Mfg Nv Digital printing process and printed recording medium

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62198875A (ja) * 1986-02-26 1987-09-02 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd 乾式電子写真用転写紙
DE19703731A1 (de) * 1997-01-31 1998-08-06 Buelent Oez Verfahren zum Übertragen von Abbildungen auf Substrate mittels Xerographie über Transferpapiere
WO2004049074A1 (ja) * 2002-11-27 2004-06-10 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Limited 湿式電子写真用記録シート
JP2018155864A (ja) * 2017-03-16 2018-10-04 北越コーポレーション株式会社 湿式電子写真印刷用紙

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3234017A (en) * 1959-11-05 1966-02-08 Agfa Ag Process for the production of developed electrophotographic images including application of a breakdown potential to discrete small areas of a photoconductor
US3414410A (en) * 1964-04-15 1968-12-03 Itek Corp Recording process
US3554747A (en) * 1967-10-27 1971-01-12 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Electrostatic printing material and method of its preparation
US3582321A (en) * 1966-11-25 1971-06-01 Yasuo Ueda Electrophotographic binder plates made from mixtures of water soluble resins
US3642480A (en) * 1968-04-24 1972-02-15 Agfa Gevaert Nv Photographic process and materials used therein
US3681069A (en) * 1966-10-28 1972-08-01 Rohm & Haas Binder plate for use in xerography and process therefor

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3234017A (en) * 1959-11-05 1966-02-08 Agfa Ag Process for the production of developed electrophotographic images including application of a breakdown potential to discrete small areas of a photoconductor
US3414410A (en) * 1964-04-15 1968-12-03 Itek Corp Recording process
US3681069A (en) * 1966-10-28 1972-08-01 Rohm & Haas Binder plate for use in xerography and process therefor
US3582321A (en) * 1966-11-25 1971-06-01 Yasuo Ueda Electrophotographic binder plates made from mixtures of water soluble resins
US3554747A (en) * 1967-10-27 1971-01-12 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Electrostatic printing material and method of its preparation
US3642480A (en) * 1968-04-24 1972-02-15 Agfa Gevaert Nv Photographic process and materials used therein

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6057394A (en) * 1995-12-05 2000-05-02 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Thermoplastic compositions with improved X-ray contrast
WO1998004960A1 (en) * 1996-07-25 1998-02-05 Minnesota Mining And Maufacturing Company Method of providing images on an image receptor medium
NL2018013B1 (en) * 2016-12-16 2018-06-26 Xeikon Mfg Nv Digital printing process and printed recording medium

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5623152B2 (ja) 1981-05-29
DE2310393A1 (de) 1973-09-13
DE2310393C3 (de) 1979-06-21
JPS4890534A (ja) 1973-11-26
DE2310393B2 (de) 1975-03-06

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