US3887815A - Photoelectric smoke detector - Google Patents
Photoelectric smoke detector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3887815A US3887815A US423530A US42353073A US3887815A US 3887815 A US3887815 A US 3887815A US 423530 A US423530 A US 423530A US 42353073 A US42353073 A US 42353073A US 3887815 A US3887815 A US 3887815A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oscillator
- light
- source
- light source
- oscillators
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
- G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
- G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A photoelectric smoke detector comprising a source of light intermittently energized to flash by the output of a first oscillator, and a light receiving circuit energized and operated intermittently by the output of a second oscillator, wherein the oscillation periods of the first and second oscillators are different from each other, and the outputs of the first and second oscillators are applied to the light source through an AND gate, whereby the light receiving circuit is brought into operation when a light is emitted from the light source.
- Photoelectric smoke detectors are known in the art in which in order to realize a reduced power consumption, a light source operating circuit and a light receiving circuit are periodically energized in synchronism with each other so that the light source is intermittently operated and the light receiving circuit receives the flashes of light scattered by smoke.
- a disadvantage of this type of detector is that it is technically difficult to achieve the required synchronization of the light source operating circuit and the light receiving circuit due to the fact that the time constants of the component elements of the one circuit are not the same as those of the component elements of the other circuit and moreover a considerable time is required for pro viding the required synchronization both in the designing and manufacture of such detector.
- a photoelectric smoke detector has been proposed in Japanese Patent Application No. 80l39/l97l, in which the light source and the light receiving circuit are intermittently energized by the outputs of their own oscillators, and oscillation periods of the two oscillators are selected to differ from each other, whereby each time the light source andd the light receiving circuit come into operation simultaneously after a given number of cycles, detection of the presence of smoke is effected.
- a photoelectric smoke detector comprising a light source intermittently energized by the output of a first oscillator, a light receiving circuit adapted to rereceive light from the light source and energized by the output of a second oscillator to operate intermittently, the oscillation period of the first oscillator being different from that of the second oscillator, and an AND gate circuit connected between the first oscillator and the light source and controlled by the outputs of the first and second oscillators, whereby the light source is operated only when the outputs of the first and second oscillators operating with the different oscillation periods appear simultaneously, thereby to eliminate any wasteful operation of the light source and thus to reduce the amount of power consumption still further.
- FIG. I is a block diagram of a prior art photoelectric smoke detector
- FIG. 3 is a pulse waveform diagram useful for explaining the operation of the device shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a photoelectric smoke detector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a pulse waveform diagram useful for explaining the operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
- FIG. I of the accompanying drawing is a block diagram showing the general construction of the photoelectric smoke detector disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. l39/l97 I.
- the output oscillations or rectangular pulses from an oscillator I are amplified by a pulse amplifier 2 and, a light source or lamp 3 is energized by the amplified output of the amplifier 2.
- the light source 3 then flashes so that when the flashes of light from the light source 3 are scattered by smoke, part of the scattered flashes of light is received by a light receiver 4 which in turn detects the presence of the smoke.
- the output of the light receiver 4 is applied, after amplification by an amplifier 5, to an alarm signal circuit 6 to give an alarm.
- the light receiver and the amplifier do not operate at all times, but they are energized and operated intermittently by the rectangular pulses generated by an oscillator 8 and then amplified by an amplifier 7.
- the alarm signal generating operation of this device will be described further with reference to FIG. 3.
- numeral 11 designates the waveform of the pulse voltage for energizing the light source 3
- numeral 12 designates the waveform of the pulse voltage for energizing and operating the light receiver 4 and the amplifier 5.
- the flashing operation of the light source 3 and the operation of the light receiver 4 and its associated circuits coincide with each other thus permitting the performance of smoke detecting operations.
- either the light source 3 or the light receiver 4 or both of them are inoperative and hence no smoke detecting operation is performed.
- the repetition frequencies of these pulses are selected to be large and therefore the performance of the smoke detecting operation at the times r I I,, r I and r means that the occurrence of smoke can be almost simultaneously detected and that the operation of this device as a smoke detector is satisfactory.
- the light source 3 is operated wastefully. Therefore, while this prior art device has the advantages of the considerably reduced power consumption and simplified designing and adjustment due to the fact that there is no need to synchronize the two oscillators, there still exists room for further reduction of power consumption since the light source and the light receiver are separately operated wastefully excepting at those times when both of them come into operation simultaneously. Since the amount of power consumed by this type of light source is generally considerably large, it is possible to realize a further reduction in the power consumption of the whole device by eliminating such wasteful operation of the light source.
- FIG. 2 of the drawings there is illustrated a block diagram of a photoelectric smoke detector which embodies the present invention and which overcomes the foregoing deficiencies of the prior art devices.
- Numeral 9 designates an AND gate circuit which receives as its inputs the outputs of pulse amplifiers 2 and 7.
- Symbols A and B designate respectively a light source operating circuit and a light receiving circuit of the smoke detector.
- the light source operating circuit A comprises the first oscillator 1, pulse amplifier 2 for amplifying the output of the first oscillator l.
- the light receiving circuit B comprises the light receiver 4 having a photoelectric conversion element such as a photoelectric cell or photo transistor to receive the flashes of light emitted from the light source 3 and scattered by smoke.
- amplitier 5 for amplifying the output of the light receiver 4, alarm signal circuit 6 responsive to the output of the amplifier 5 to generate a detected smoke signal, and the second oscillator 8 and amplifier 7 for periodically and intermittently energizing the component parts 4 through 6.
- the oscillation periods of the first and second oscillators l and 2 are selected to differ from each other and each of them comprises for example a blocking oscillator or astable multivibrator.
- the oscillator l generates pulse output ll having an on-time 1 and an off-time tr 4 1,,..). and the oscillator 8 generates pulse output 12 having an on-time T and an off-time T (T,,,,, T z 6.5 t
- the oscillators l and 8 oscillate independently of each other at different frequencies so that the oscillaor l generates pulses 11 having a narrower time width and the oscillator 8 generates pulses l2 having a wider time width.
- These pulses 11 and 12 are respectively amplified by the amplifiers 2 and 7 after which the pulses 12 are directly applied to the light receiver 4 and the amplifier to operate them for a length oftime corresponding to the time width of each pulse 12.
- the light source 3 receives the outputs of the oscillators l and 8 through the AND gate circuit 9 so that the light source 3 flashes only at times l i t I, and r Since the light receiving section is invariably in operation at these times. the smoke detecting operation is invariably carried out each time the light source 3 flashes.
- the light source 3 flashes at times I I... and so on when the light receiving section is inoperative and therefore these flashes are all wasted.
- the device according to the present invention eliminates such wasteful flashes of the light source. thereby ensuring a longer life of the light source and a further decrease in the power consumption.
- the device according to the present invention not only eliminates the need to synchronize the effective operating times of the light source operating circuit and the light receiving circuit with the resultant elimination of the required labor and special parts for the adjustment therefor. but also minimizes the amount of power consumption due to the absence of any wasteful operation of the light source.
- a photoelectric smoke detector comprising a source of light, a first oscillator connected to said source, said source being adapted for being intermittently energized by the output of said first oscillator, in second oscillator.
- a light receiving circuit including a photoelectric means adapted for being energized by the output of a second oscillator thereby to come into operation intermittently for receiving light scattered by smoke generated by the source of light.
- the first and second oscillators having different oscillation periods, and an AND gate circuit controlled by the outputs of the first and second oscillators being connected between the first oscillator and the source of light.
- a photoelectric smoke detector according to claim 1. wherein the oscillation period of the first oscillator is shorter than the oscillation period of the second oscillator.
- a photoelectric smoke detector according to claim 1. wherein the pulse width of the second oscillator is wider than the pulse width of the first oscillator.
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1972142726U JPS5545506Y2 (es) | 1972-12-14 | 1972-12-14 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3887815A true US3887815A (en) | 1975-06-03 |
Family
ID=15322143
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US423530A Expired - Lifetime US3887815A (en) | 1972-12-14 | 1973-12-10 | Photoelectric smoke detector |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3887815A (es) |
JP (1) | JPS5545506Y2 (es) |
CH (1) | CH563630A5 (es) |
DE (1) | DE2361403C3 (es) |
FR (1) | FR2211128A5 (es) |
GB (1) | GB1417790A (es) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4010458A (en) * | 1974-07-15 | 1977-03-01 | Cerberus Ag | Light gate system |
US4198627A (en) * | 1977-07-12 | 1980-04-15 | Cybernet Electronics Corporation | Photoelectric synchronous smoke sensor |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4125779A (en) * | 1977-07-13 | 1978-11-14 | Chloride, Incorporated | Smoke detector |
US4193069A (en) * | 1978-03-13 | 1980-03-11 | American District Telegraph Company | Latching alarm smoke detector |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3655289A (en) * | 1971-01-22 | 1972-04-11 | Susquehanna Corp | Opacity meter with noise suppression |
US3702447A (en) * | 1968-07-01 | 1972-11-07 | Xerox Corp | Electronic chopper system for use in facsimile communication comprising means for alternately grounding and ungrounding inputs of amplifier |
US3803420A (en) * | 1971-09-23 | 1974-04-09 | Masson Scott Thrissell Eng Ltd | Programmed surface inspection using radiation sensitive means |
-
1972
- 1972-12-14 JP JP1972142726U patent/JPS5545506Y2/ja not_active Expired
-
1973
- 1973-11-15 GB GB5298273A patent/GB1417790A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-12-10 DE DE2361403A patent/DE2361403C3/de not_active Expired
- 1973-12-10 FR FR7344023A patent/FR2211128A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-12-10 US US423530A patent/US3887815A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-12-13 CH CH1747273A patent/CH563630A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3702447A (en) * | 1968-07-01 | 1972-11-07 | Xerox Corp | Electronic chopper system for use in facsimile communication comprising means for alternately grounding and ungrounding inputs of amplifier |
US3655289A (en) * | 1971-01-22 | 1972-04-11 | Susquehanna Corp | Opacity meter with noise suppression |
US3803420A (en) * | 1971-09-23 | 1974-04-09 | Masson Scott Thrissell Eng Ltd | Programmed surface inspection using radiation sensitive means |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4010458A (en) * | 1974-07-15 | 1977-03-01 | Cerberus Ag | Light gate system |
US4198627A (en) * | 1977-07-12 | 1980-04-15 | Cybernet Electronics Corporation | Photoelectric synchronous smoke sensor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1417790A (en) | 1975-12-17 |
JPS4996891U (es) | 1974-08-21 |
DE2361403A1 (de) | 1974-06-27 |
DE2361403C3 (de) | 1975-08-21 |
CH563630A5 (es) | 1975-06-30 |
DE2361403B2 (de) | 1975-01-09 |
FR2211128A5 (es) | 1974-07-12 |
JPS5545506Y2 (es) | 1980-10-24 |
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