Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
  • D06M13/325—Amines
  • D06M13/338—Organic hydrazines; Hydrazinium compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K13/00—Use of mixtures of ingredients not covered by one single of the preceding main groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C08K13/02—Organic and inorganic ingredients
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
  • D06M11/11—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with halogen acids or salts thereof
  • D06M11/20—Halides of elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table, e.g. zirconyl chloride
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
  • D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
  • D06M11/45—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table; Aluminates
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  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
  • D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
  • D06M11/46—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table; Titanates; Zirconates; Stannates; Plumbates
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
  • D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
  • D06M11/47—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table; Vanadates; Niobates; Tantalates; Arsenates; Antimonates; Bismuthates
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/77—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof
  • D06M11/79—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof with silicon dioxide, silicic acids or their salts
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/02—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with hydrocarbons
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/08—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with halogenated hydrocarbons
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/152—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen having a hydroxy group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
  • D06M13/207—Substituted carboxylic acids, e.g. by hydroxy or keto groups; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
  • D06M13/21—Halogenated carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
  • D06M13/282—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing phosphorus
  • D06M13/292—Mono-, di- or triesters of phosphoric or phosphorous acids; Salts thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/693—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural or synthetic rubber, or derivatives thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
  • D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
  • D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
  • D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
  • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
  • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M2101/32—Polyesters
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
  • D06M2200/30—Flame or heat resistance, fire retardancy properties
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
  • Y10S428/921—Fire or flameproofing
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2631—Coating or impregnation provides heat or fire protection
  • Y10T442/2713—Halogen containing

Definitions

• ABSTRACT A process for rendering synthetic materials, of synthetic fibers or mixtures of the same flame resistant which entails employing water insoluble flame retardant agents which are treated as colorless pigments, reduced to extremely finely divided condition, suspended in latex medium and applied as such or as part of a dispersed dye paste to the fabric, dried and set in place.
• flame retardance or flame resistance of a fabric is a highly desirable characteristic.
• the principal ones being the inability of the flame retardant material, or treatment, to last through laundering or dry cleaning operations.
• Another principal disadvantage of treatments of fabrics to develop this characteristic of flame retardance is the loss of hand in the substrate. The problem is greatly aggravated in some areas of handling, particularly where it is necessary to meet statutory requirements for flame retardance in garments.
• Their physical condition being in the form of a bundle of fine fibers invites and encourages the sustenance of a flame if one gets started in the fabric. That is, a large area of oxidation is presented to any flame which gets started.
• the present invention relates to a new method of flame retarding textile and related materials using a commonly employed method in pigment printing and dyeng, that is, through the use of a primary binder which serves as an adhesive to fasten the flame retardant to a given substrate.
• this technique can also be employed to flame retard the said binders, which normally are emulsions of synthetic polymeric materials which are highly flammable and contribute to the flammability of flame retarded substrates.
• the subject of the present invention consists of two basic elements, the flame retardant element and a binding element.
• the flame retarding element is a colorless highly halobrominated, organic compound, solid at room temperature, possessing high melting and decomposition points, which is easily reduced to an extremely small particle size by conventional means of grinding.
• the solid flame retardant material is reduced to a submicron or micron particle size and suspended in water in a fashion similar to the preparation of pigment disper sions.
• a synergist which will contribute to render the halobrominated solids more heat unstable must be-employed.
• This synergist must possess similar characteristics to the halobrominated flame retardant, that is, it is a micropulverized solid possessing good heat stability, finely dispersed in water.
• it must react with the halobrominated flame retarder at combustion temperatures to form a gaseous non-flammable gas which will prevent oxygen from reaching the flaming substrate, thus impeding the oxidation process.
• the second element used in this invention is an emulsion of a high molecular weight polymer, commonly referred to as latex.
• the polymer employed can be the result of polymerizing acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylonitrile, esters of acrylic and methacrylicacids, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, maleic or fumaric acids and esters of same and the like.
• the polymer can be homopolymers or copolymers of the above described monomers.
• These emulsion polymers are commercially available in differing grades depending on the ultimate properties desired. They have in common the fact that they form films at room or elevated temperatures, alone or in the presence of plasticizers. The properties of the film depend on the chemical composition of the same.
• the latexes possess extremely good adhesive properties, they are normally used for bonding purposes. They are used for bonding of pigments to hard to dye substrates, to bond fibers with fibers to obtain non woven fabrics, to bond fibers to fabrics to produce flocked fabrics and to bond fabrics to fabrics, fabrics to foams, fabrics to films, to non wovens, etc., to obtain laminated fabrics. They are also used for fabric backcoating to achieve various effects such as dimensional stability, to prevent ravelling, to give fabrics non-slipping characteristics, with a filler, to impart opacity to the same, etc., and for finishing to achieve dimensional stability, to increase strength, decreasae air permeability, impart waste repellency, etc.
• This invention relates to two uses of these materials:
• the solid flame retardant is the predominant ingredient and the latex is the minor ingredient.
• micropulverized solid flame retardant is first dispersed in water containing a wetting agent by adding it slowly to the aqueous phase under strong agitation, with a high speed, high shear mixer. After addition of the solid has been completed, the resulting dispersion is stabilized by adding small quantities of a protective colloid (commonly called thickener) such as carboxy methyl cellulose, methoxy or ethoxycellulose of selected molecular weight to achieve an optimum viscosity and prevent the particles from settling.
• a protective colloid commonly called thickener
• the FR flame retardant
• the FR flame retardant
• This solution is now applied to the substrate by dipping it into this solution and removing the excess by squeezing between two rollers.
• the w'et substrate is now air dried at any convenient temperature and baked at C. to C. for to 90 seconds.
• the resulting material is flame retardant when tested by commonly used flammabililty tests and the flame retardant is not lost after multiple launderings and/or dry cleanings.
• the feel or hand of the flame retarded material is unchanged, but can be made stiff, if desirable, by selecting a harder latex.
• the FR dispersion prepared as described above, is diluted in water, the latex is added and the viscosity adjusted by the use of a thickener.
• This treating batch is now applied by different techniques depending on the final effect desired. It can be padded, knife coated, roller coated, sprayed, roller printed, screen printed, applied by saturation and the like.
• the substrates are now air dried at any convenient temperature, and baked as above.
• This technique is usually employed when the substrate to which the latex is applied is either intrinsically flame retardant or has been flame proofed in a separate operation. It can be used to flame retard latices, which will be employed as flocking adhesives, for fabric backcoating, pigment dyeing or printing, bonding or non woven fabric lamination and the like.
• the process of this invention is applicable to textile materials, in staple, tow, yarn, fiber, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, circular and flat knits, carpets and the like, to paper, to films, to foams, etc.
• the substrate can be of natural origin such as cotton, linen, jute, coco fiber, wool, silk and the like, man made such as regenerated cellulose, cellulose diand triacetates, fiberglass and the like or synthetic polymeric materials such as nylon, polyester, acrylics, polypropylene and the like.
• the present invention utilizes brominated aromatic compounds, preferably brominated as flame retarding materials.
• the preferred aromatic compounds employed are derivatives of Benzene Where A through N are the same can be H, Br, CH C I'I Ca 7,
• X, Y, Z can be the same or different and can be H, CH C H C 1, s s
• a to F are the same or different and may be H, Br, with at least one Br present on the benzene ring.
• R may be alkyl, preferably of 1-5 carbons such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, isopropyl, tertbutyl; unsaturated alkyls, haloalkyl or polyhaloalkyl wherein the moiety may include up to four bromine atoms where the halogens are chlorine and/or bromine and A, B, C, D, E, are as above.
• R, and R are the same or different and are similar to R in (2).
• R and R are the same or different and can be H, alkyl preferably of 1-5 carbon atoms, bromoalkyl, polybromoalkyl and the like; aryl, phenyl, bromoaryl, bromophenyl, polybromoaryl, polybromopenyl, NH NH Na, K, Li, Ca, Ba, Sb, Ti and the like;
• a to J are the same or different and can be H, Br, lower alkyl C to C aryl,
• X being OH, NH,, ONH Na, K and the like.
• a to E are the same as in 5, and X and Y are H, lower alkyl C to C aryl, bromoalkyl, polybromoalkyl, bromoaryl, polybromoaryl, phenyl bromophenyl, polybromophenyl and the like.
• the synergists are normally metallic oxides of the general formula:
• Me can be Al, Ga, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Bi, Ti, Zr, and the like and n is the valence of the metal in its oxidized state. Especially are the oxides of aluminum, germanium, antimony and titanium useful.
• These oxides must also be present in a fine particle state of the same size as the halobrominated compound or smaller.
• the synergist is blended with the halobrominated compound during the preparation of the FR dispersion, the ratio of halobrominated compound to synergist depending on the stability of the halobrominated material and the reactivity of the particular metallic oxide employed. It was found that normally 3 to 7 parts halobrominated flame retarder for each part of metallic oxide, preferably 4-6 parts to 1 part, give the best results.
• the emulsion polymers commonly referred to as synthetic latices, are commercially available materials, obtained by emulsion homoor co-polymerization of monomers of the general class:
• the preferred monomers are alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids, acryland methacryl amides, acrylonitrile, acrylic and methacrylic acids, maleic or fumaric acids and alkyl esters of the same vinyl and vinylidene chlorides, styrene and butadiene.
• Acrylic latices mainly homoor co-polymers of alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acids which can also contain acrylic or methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, n-methylol acrylamide, vinyl and vinylidiene chlorides and the like.
• the alkyl group of the esters can also contain hydroxyl groups.
• reactive groups such as HO, CONH COOH,
• cross-linking self-cross linking 0r thermosetting latices.
• ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
• SBR styrene butadiene rubber
• emulsion polymers obtained by the reaction of a polyisocyanate and an aliphatic polyol which can be a polyether, a polyester, or a polycaprolactone, the preferred polyisocyanate being a mixture of isomers of toluene diisocyanate and the preferred polyol being a polyethylene glycol condensate having a molecular weight in excess of 3,000, commonly referred to as a polyurethane latex.
• T.G. glass transition temperature
• T temperature at which the torsional modulus of an air dried film is 300 Kg/CM Both are measured in C and can range from l00C to +100C. As a general rule, the lower the T6 or T the softer the film, the film becoming harder with increasing temperatures.
• the strength of the film is also improved by increasaing the molecular weight of the polymer through the introduction of crosslinkable sites which are made to react by heat and/or catalysts.
• organic compound of a metallic oxide is slowly added. After addition is complete the dispersion is stabilized by adding 0.1 to 0.5%, preferably 0.2 to 0.3%, on the weight of the dispersion of a protective colloid such as ethoxy cellulose.
• FR dispersion 0.5 to 1.5 parts, preferably 0.8 to 1.2 parts, of FR dispersion are dissolved in 1 part of water with mild agitation.
• 0.05 to 0.4 preferably 0.1 to 0.3 part of a latex containing 35 to preferably 45 to 55%, of a polymer is added.
• 0.5.to 1.5%, preferably 0.8 to 1.2% of a wetting agent is added.
• The'substrate to be treated is dipped in this solution and the excess removed by squeezing between two rollers.
• the wet material is air dried in an oven at C to C, preferably 100C to 1 10C, and baked at C 9 to 18C, preferably 150C to 170C for /2 to minutes,
• the treating solution is prepared as follows: To 1 part of water 0.5 to 1.5 parts, preferably 0.8 to 1.2 parts, of latex is added, and the solution is mixed until uniform. 0.05 to 0.2 part, preferably 0.1 to 0.15 part, based on the weight of the latex of FR dispersion is added and mixed to uniformity. At this point any other needed auxiliaries, such as pigments, thickeners, fillers, plasticizers, wetting agents, catalysts, and the like, are incorporated in any required proportion and the solution mixed.
• the treating solution is now applied to the flame resistant substrate by any convenient way, such as padding, coating, printing, saturation and the like and the wet goods are dried and baked as above.
• EXAMPLE I 70 parts of finely divided decabromo biphenyl possessing an average particle size between 1 and 2 microns was slowly added to 50 parts water containing 0.2% anionic wetting agent of the alkyl-aryl sulfonate type, under strong agitation with a high speed, high shear mixer. After completing the addition of the brominated compound 12 parts of finely divided antimony-trioxide possessing an average particle size between 1 and 2 microns were slowly added while agitation was continued. After all the antimony trioxide was added the resulting milky white dispersion was stabilized by addition of 5 parts of a 4% aqueous solution, having a viscosity of 300,000 centipoise, of ethoxycellulose. This dispersion, thus obtained, remained uniform after prolonged storage at room temperature and was designated dispersion I.
• dispersion I 50 parts were now dissolved in 40 parts of water and parts of a 50% aqueous emulsion of a copolymer of ethyl acrylate and acrylamide having a T of -47C were added.
• a woven fabric weighing 4 ozs. per square yard composed of 50% cotton 50% polyester was now treated with this solution by immersing it in the same and removing the excess by squeezing between two rollers. The wet pick-up was 90%.
• the fabric was now dried at 1 10C and baked at 150C for 3 minutes.
• the fabric thus obtained was quite soft to the feel was further softened by padding it through a 10% emulsion of polyethylene softener in water.
• the flame resistance of the fabric thus treated was evaluated by testing according to test method given in Standard for the Flammability of Childrens Sleepwear" DOC FF3-71 giving an initial average char length of 1 V2 inches and 2 inches after 50 launderings and tumble dryings.
• EXAMPLE [1 70 parts of finely divided hexabromo benzene having an average particle size between 1 and 2 microns were dispersed in 50 parts of water in a similar fashion to dispersion l. parts of aluminum oxide were added to the dispersed brominated compound and this dispersion was stabilized as dispersion I. This material was designated dispersion ll.
• a piece of cotton circular knit weighing 8 02s- /yd was immersed in this solution and the excess removed by squeezing between two rollers. The wet pickup was and the fabric was dried at 110C and baked at C for 3 minutes. The fabric was softened by padding through a 10% emulsion of a polyethylene softener and dried.
• the fabric was judged flame retardant by using method outlined in DDC FF3-7 l giving an initial average char length of 1 inch and 2 /2 inches after 50 launderings and tumble dryings.
• EXAMPLE III 70 parts of finely divided pentabromo toluene and 20 parts of titanium dioxide having an average particle size of between 1 and 2 microns were dispersed in 50 parts of water as in Example I. This dispersion was designated dispersion Ill.
• dispersion III 50 parts of dispersion III were dissolved in 40 parts of water and 10 parts of a 50% acrylonitrile-styrenebutadiene latex having a glass transition temperature of 60C were added to this solution.
• the resulting mixture was padded onto a woven fabric composed of 80% rayon and 20% cellulose diacetate in a similar fashion as in Examples I and II.
• the fabric was dried at 1 10C, baked at 150C, top softened with a 10% emulsion of a polyethylene softener and redried.
• the treated fabric gave an average char length of 3 inches initially, when treated according to AATCC Flammability Test 34-1967, an average char length of 4 inches after 5 launderings and tumble dryings and an average char length of 5 inches after 5 commercial dry cleanings.
• EXAMPLE IV 70 parts of Tris dibromophenyl phosphate and 10 parts of antimony trioxide having an average particle size between 1 and 2 microns were dispersed in 40 parts of water as in Example 1. This dispersion was designated dispersion IV.
• a 100% woven fiberglass drapery fabric was immersed in this solution, the excess removed by squeezing between two rollers to obtain a wet pick-up of 50%, dried at 1 10C and baked at 150C for 3 minutes.
• This fabric gave an average char length of 3 inches when tested using AATCC flammability test 34-1967 initially, after 5 launderings and tumble drying and 5 commercial dry cleanings.
• EXAMPLE V 70 parts of finely divided tribromoaniline and 15 parts of micropulverized aluminum trioxide having a particle size of between 1 and 2 microns were dispersed in 50 parts of water following procedure given in Example I. This dispersion was designated as dispersion V.
• a piece of the 80% rayon 20% cellulose diacetate fabric treated in Example III was coated on one side with dispersion V-A using a doctor blade to a loading of 70% on the weight of the fiber.
• the fabric was dried at 125C and cured at 160C for 2 minutes.
• the fabric thus treated gave a char length of 3 inches when tested according to AATCC method 34-1967, initially after 5 launderings and 5 dry cleanings.
• the same fabric coated with the same composition, but without dispersion V was consumed entirely when tested by this flammability method.
• EXAMPLE VI Parts By Weight Vl-A Vl-B Water 300 300 Anionic Dispersing Agent l l Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Thickener 5 5 Talc I25 125 Rutile Titanium Dioxide 225 225 50% Solids Vinylacetateethylacrylute copolymer 400 400 Dispersion VI 45 The dispersion were prepared by predissolving the ingredients in the given order in a tank equipped with a high-speed high-shear mixer and then transferring the resulting dispersion into the pebble mill and milling for 5 hours.
• EXAMPLE VII 70 parts of finely divided hexachlorocyclopentadienodibromocyclooctane and 10 parts of micropulverized antimony trioxide having a particle size between 1 and 2 microns were dispersed in 40 parts of water following procedure given in Example I. This dispersion was designated dispersion Ill.
• dispersion Vll were dispersed in 40 parts of water and 40 parts of a 50% aqueous emulsion of a 5 polymer obtained by reaction of a mixture of isomers of toluene diisocyanate and a condensation product of ethylene glycol having a molecular weight of approximately 4,000.
• a piece of 100% nylon upholstery fabric was immersed in this solution and excess removed by squeezing between two rollers to achieve a 70% wet pickup and then dried at 125C.
• the fabric thus treated was judged flame retardant when it gave a 3 inches char length when listed according to AATCC method 34-1969, whereas the untreated fabric burned the entire length when tested according to the same method.
• said high molecular weight polymeric binder being present in amount sufficient to secure said brominated organic compound and metallic oxide flame retardant composition to said material, and drying and curing said treated material, wherein the total amount of flame retardant deposited on said material is effective to reduce the flammability of the textile and is durable to laundering and dry clean- 2.
• brominated solid organic material is selected from the group consisting of:
• a textile material inherently flammable, rendered and, N,N -ethyl-bis (dibromo-norbornenedicarboximide the metallic oxide is selected from the group consisting of:
• the latex is selected from the group consisting of:

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• 1972
  • 1972-10-25 US US33073172 patent/US3877974A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1973
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