US3873271A - Method and apparatus for detecting free water in hydrocarbon fuels - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for detecting free water in hydrocarbon fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3873271A
US3873271A US429973A US42997374A US3873271A US 3873271 A US3873271 A US 3873271A US 429973 A US429973 A US 429973A US 42997374 A US42997374 A US 42997374A US 3873271 A US3873271 A US 3873271A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cannula
vial
dye
free water
receptacle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US429973A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dale A Young
Alfred H Miller
Jr John F Coburn
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ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
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Exxon Research and Engineering Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Exxon Research and Engineering Co filed Critical Exxon Research and Engineering Co
Priority to US429973A priority Critical patent/US3873271A/en
Priority to JP49145072A priority patent/JPS5819988B2/ja
Priority to CA216,433A priority patent/CA1053132A/en
Priority to GB12058/77A priority patent/GB1486780A/en
Priority to GB55376/74A priority patent/GB1486779A/en
Priority to DE2463212A priority patent/DE2463212C2/de
Priority to DE2461585A priority patent/DE2461585C2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3873271A publication Critical patent/US3873271A/en
Priority to CA307,697A priority patent/CA1059410A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
    • G01N31/222—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators for investigating moisture content
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
    • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G01N33/2835—Specific substances contained in the oils or fuels
    • G01N33/2847—Water in oils

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method and apparatus for detecting the presence of free water in hydrocarbons in which the water reacts with freshly ground fuchsia dye and calcium carbonate having an average particle size of less than 10 microns and a surface area of 5-8 square meters per gram.
  • the reagents are prepackaged in an evacuated glass vial.
  • a sample of the hydrocarbon is admitted to the interior of the evacuated vial by a cannula mounted in a special receptacle adapted to receive the vial.
  • the sample is drawn into the vial by the vacuum and reacts with the dye and carbonate to indicate the presence or ab sence of free water in the hydrocarbon.
  • 3,505,020 disclosed an improved composition for reacting with free water present in jet fuels and producing a pink color which indicates the presence of excessive free water.
  • That composition comprised a small amount of fuchsia dye (3 amino-7(dimethylamino-S-phenylphenazinium chloride) mixed with a major portion of a finely divided anhydrous solid which was selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, barium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, and combinations thereof.
  • the preferred anhydrous solid for the water detection composition is calcium carbonate.
  • the dye particles should have a diameter less than 200 microns in order to be effective and, in particular, a weight average particle size of 44 microns was preferred.
  • the particularly preferred composition would limit the dye particle size to under 74 microns with about 40-60 wt. of the particles having a diameter of less than about 44 microns.
  • the dye is conventionally used in the textile industry and is commonly referred to as Methylene Violet, Basic Violet Five, Color Index 50205, fuchsia and so forth. A further description of the dye may be found in Color Index, the American Association of Textile Chemists and Co/orists, second edition 1956), at pages 1,635 and 3,4 l 4.
  • anhydrous solid particles should be less than 10 microns in size and technical grade crystalline powder.
  • anhydrous solid to dye would range between and 10,000 and preferably between 50 and 2,000 parts by weight.
  • One part by weight of dye to about 400 to 1,000 parts by weight of anhydrous solid was particularly preferred.
  • the reagent mixture would be added to a fuel sample, about 0.05 to 2 grams of the mixture to 100 milliliters of hydrocarbon fuel.
  • the preferred range would be between 0.1 and 0.5 gram of mixtureto each 100 milliliters of hydrocarbon.
  • An improved composition for detection of free water in hydrocarbon fuels is obtained by introducing product quality standards for both the anhydrous carbonate and the fuchsia dye not heretofore known. It has been found that the fuchsia dye is more sensitive if it is finely ground immediately prior to being packaged rather than simply being screened and then packaged from the material as received from the supplier.
  • the anhydrous carbonate it has been found that, not only particle size, but effective surface area of the carbonate is important in obtaining a suitable sensitivity. In particular, effective surface areas in the range of 5 to 8 square meters per gram have been found to be preferred for this use. Surface areas greater than this range are generally not sensitive enough and surface areas smaller than the recommended range are too sensitive and neither will produce the desired results.
  • both carbonate and dye are prepackaged in an evacuated glass vial.
  • the glass vial serves two functions: first, to protect the quality of the chemical reagents used and second, to provide a means for drawing a fuel sample into the vial for reaction with the reagents without ever exposing them to moisture in the air.
  • a special receptacle is provided, mounting a small cannula which pierces a flexi ble closure at one end of the vial and provides a passageway for the fuel.
  • a small sample of fuel is drawn from a fueling line into a small container as an aircraft is being loaded, the receptacle is placed inside the container so that the open end of the cannula is suspended above the bottom of the fuel container, and thereafter the glass vial is inserted into the receptacle.
  • the cannula punctures the flexible closure provided at one end of the vial, thereby providing a passageway between the fuel in the container and interior of the vial.
  • the fuel is drawn in by the vacuum present within the container where it reacts with the reagents, producing a pink color should an excessive amount of free water he present, or remaining clear if less than 10 ppm free water is present.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the apparatus of the invention prior to its assembly.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the apparatus of FIG. 1 in the assembled condition immediately prior to admitting a fuel sample into the glass vial.
  • FIG. 3 is a vial according to the invention after having received a fuel sample in the manner indicated in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the three main parts of the apparatus.
  • a small cylindrical container 10 is provided for receiving a small sample of fuel from the loading line.
  • the container 10 has no special requirements except that it should contain sufficient sample to fill the vial 12 which is to be discussed hereinafter.
  • the container 10 should preferably be made of a clear plastic material in order to avoid breakage and to permit observation as to the visual quality of the fuel drawn in, that is, whether it is clear or cloudy and whether it contains any suspended solids. Either of these conditions may indicate a failure of the fuel filter separator which would be located upstream of the sampling point.
  • the receptacle 14 consists of a cylindrical tube 16 with a flange 18 at one end for convenience in handling and open at either end.
  • a transverse disc 20 which supports a cannula 21 mounted thereon.
  • the cannula 21 provides a narrow passageway and, being blunt at one end 21a where fuel is drawn in and pointed at the opposite end 21b for piercing the flexible closure of the glass vial 12.
  • a slot (or other perforation) is provided in the side of the receptacle 14 below disc 20 in order to permit fuel to pass freely into the interior of the tube 16 and be drawn into the blunt end 21a of the cannula.
  • the cannula 21 not touch the bottom of the container in order that any extraneous materials which might be drawn in are not admitted to the vial and, therefore, the blunt end 21a of the cannula 21 is positioned approximately one-half inch above the bottom of the receptacle 14.
  • the improved reagents are enclosed in an evacuated glass vial 12 which is sealed at one end by a flexible closure 22.
  • This closure 22 serves at least two purposes: first, to prevent breaking of the vacuum which was created in the tube at the time the reagents were sealed inside it and second, to provide a means for ready access of fuel to the reagents when the test is made without ever exposing the reagent to the atmosphere.
  • Use of an evacuated tube permits not only protection of the quality of the reagents, but provides for taking the required amount of fuel sample.
  • an indication of the quality of the reagents is obtained, for should the vacuum be lost, no fuel sample would be drawn through the cannula, indicating that the quality of the reagents was suspect and should not be used.
  • the particle size of the fuchsia dye is essentially the same as that indicated in the prior art, but it has been found that freshly ground dye is particularly sensitive and that the sensitivity can be retained by packaging under vacuum.
  • Table I illustrates the significant improvement in sensitivity of the dye when it is freshly ground as compared with the as-received material.
  • FIG. 2 shows the principal components of the invention in assembled form.
  • Fuel 23 has been placed inside the cylindrical container 10 in a quantity sufficient to more than fill the vial, but leaving some residual amount in the container after the vial has been filled.
  • the receptacle 14 has been placed within the container 10 where it rests on the bottom and fuel is free to pass through the slot 16a or other openings placed in the side of the receptacle 14.
  • the evacuated via] 12 containing the improved reagents 24 has been placed within the receptacle 14 with the point of the cannula 21b resting lightly against the flexible closure 22.
  • the cannula 21 will pierce the flexible closure 22 and admit fuel, assuming vacuum within the glass vial, into the vial 12 for reaction with the improved reagents 24. Once this downward motion has taken place, fuel rushes through the cannula 21 into the glass via] 12 which fills extremely rapidly owing to the presence of the vacuum present inside and quickly mixing the desired amounts of reagent and fuel.
  • a vial 12 after it has received a fuel sample, has been withdrawn from the receptacle, the flexible closure 22 sealing behind the cannula 21 as it is withdrawn, thereby retaining the fuel sample therein.
  • the vial 12 may be shaken lightly to mix the reagents and fuel although this is essentially completed by the rapid inrush of fuel as it displaces the vacuum. After a short period, approximately 2 minutes, the color of the dye has developed if the fuel contains free water in excess of 10 parts per million.
  • the quantities of reagent and the sensitivity of the reagents are adjusted so that no color change develops when the free water content is parts per million or below but a pink color develops above that level which may be compared with a known standard. If an excessively dark pink color has developed during the 2-minute period, indicating that more than 30 ppm is present, the fuel must be rejected and reprocessed in order to remove free water present therein.
  • Such standards were used in the results shown in Tables I and II.
  • the foregoing test is primarily used in the field as a go/no-go test in aircraft fueling. It is within the scope of the invention, however, to package quantities of dye in measured quantities so as to permit a series of such tests to make a more accurate determination of the precise level of water contained. This may be necessary to satisfy both military and commercial standards and to closely measure the quantity of water when a go/no-go test is insufficient.
  • An apparatus for detecting the presence of free water in hydrocarbons which comprises in combination:
  • a cannula having an inlet end and an outlet end mounted on said receptacle and disposed to pierce said closure when said tube is inserted into said receptacle, thereby providing a conduit into the evacuated interior of said tube.
  • the apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a container for a sample of said hydrocarbons adapted to receive said tube receptacle means whereby-said cannula is enabled to admit hydrocarbons from said container into said tube as urged by the vacuum therein.
  • said receptacle means is a cylidner open at both ends and having a transverse partition intermediate said ends for mounting said cannula whereby said cannula serves as a passageway through said partition.
  • a method for detecting free moisture in hydrocarbons comprising:
  • a receptacle for receiving a means for withdrawing a portion of said sample, said receptacle being adapted to receive an evacu ated sample vial containing moisture sensitive chemical reagents, said sample vial being closed at one end and sealed at the other end with a pierceable closure;
  • moisturesensitive chemicals comprise:
  • a packaged liquid useful for the detection of free water in a liuqid hydrocarbon which comprises a mixture of:
  • a finely divided anhydrous solid having a surface area of from 5 to 8 square meters per gram, said solid being selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, barium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, and mixtures thereof; and b. freshly ground fuchsia dye having a particle size between 44 and 74 microns; the weight ratio of said dye to said solid being within the range of 1:20 to 1110,000;
  • said mixture having been both prepared and sealed off from contact with moisture and air at the time of grinding said dye.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
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  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
US429973A 1974-01-02 1974-01-02 Method and apparatus for detecting free water in hydrocarbon fuels Expired - Lifetime US3873271A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US429973A US3873271A (en) 1974-01-02 1974-01-02 Method and apparatus for detecting free water in hydrocarbon fuels
CA216,433A CA1053132A (en) 1974-01-02 1974-12-19 Apparatus, composition and method for detecting free water in hydrocarbon fuels
JP49145072A JPS5819988B2 (ja) 1974-01-02 1974-12-19 炭化水素燃料中の遊離水を検出するための装置
GB55376/74A GB1486779A (en) 1974-01-02 1974-12-23 Apparatus and method for detecting free water in liquid hydrocarbons
GB12058/77A GB1486780A (en) 1974-01-02 1974-12-23 Composition for detecting free water in liquid hydrocarbons
DE2463212A DE2463212C2 (de) 1974-01-02 1974-12-27 Vorrichtung zum Nachweis von freiem Wasser in Kohlenwasserstoffen
DE2461585A DE2461585C2 (de) 1974-01-02 1974-12-27 Abgepacktes Mittel zum Nachweis von freiem Wasser in einem flüssigen Kohlenwasserstoff
CA307,697A CA1059410A (en) 1974-01-02 1978-07-19 Packaged composition useful for detecting free water in hydrocarbon fuels

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US429973A US3873271A (en) 1974-01-02 1974-01-02 Method and apparatus for detecting free water in hydrocarbon fuels

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US (1) US3873271A (de)
JP (1) JPS5819988B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1053132A (de)
DE (2) DE2461585C2 (de)
GB (2) GB1486779A (de)

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3976572A (en) * 1974-01-04 1976-08-24 Michael Ebert Aircraft fuel contaminant tester
US3996001A (en) * 1974-05-10 1976-12-07 Battelle Memorial Institute Method of and device for the analysis of liquids
US4089652A (en) * 1976-05-12 1978-05-16 August Bartold Pedersen Detection of water in oil
US4151256A (en) * 1977-05-12 1979-04-24 Mobil Oil Corporation Water-in-oil detection device
US4198207A (en) * 1979-03-26 1980-04-15 Mobil Oil Corporation Determination of water content in presence of oils
US4231752A (en) * 1979-02-28 1980-11-04 Mobil Oil Corporation Method of determining salt water in oils
US4257775A (en) * 1979-03-26 1981-03-24 Mobil Oil Corporation Determination of water content in various systems
US4272245A (en) * 1978-12-04 1981-06-09 Transidyne General Corporation Method and apparatus for electro-chemical measurement
FR2521300A1 (fr) * 1982-02-10 1983-08-12 Primagaz Cie Gaz Petrole Dispositif de detection de la presence de liquides aqueux susceptibles de contenir de la soude, dans du gaz de petrole liquefie
US4537747A (en) * 1983-03-16 1985-08-27 Chemetrics, Inc. Disposable device for sampling and diluting
US4557899A (en) * 1984-10-15 1985-12-10 Hach Company Water-in-oil testing apparatus
US4578357A (en) * 1983-06-27 1986-03-25 Atlantic Richfield Company Stabilized water indicating paste composition
US4596780A (en) * 1983-03-16 1986-06-24 Chemetrics, Inc. Process for sampling and diluting
US4668634A (en) * 1985-09-16 1987-05-26 Marquest Medical Products, Inc. Syringe tonometric apparatus and method
US4699885A (en) * 1983-05-02 1987-10-13 Melpolder Frank W Composition and probe for detection of water
US4717671A (en) * 1983-06-27 1988-01-05 Pony Industries, Inc. Stabilized water indicating paste composition
US4929562A (en) * 1986-08-20 1990-05-29 The Regents Of The University Of California Method and apparatus for detecting gem-polyhalogenated hydrocarbons
US5286453A (en) * 1992-04-02 1994-02-15 Pope Carolyn M Device for dispensing a biological fluid from a sealed vacuum tube
US5491345A (en) * 1994-10-03 1996-02-13 Associated Universities, Inc. Sealed vacuum canister and method for pick-up and containment of material
US6376250B1 (en) 2000-08-17 2002-04-23 Nabil J. Mohtadi Composition and probe for detection of water
US7354768B1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2008-04-08 Phase Dynamics, Inc. Volume-differential assay using hydrophilic gel
US7407625B1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2008-08-05 Phase Dynamics, Inc. Volume-differential water assay system using hydrophilic gel
US8409508B2 (en) 2002-04-23 2013-04-02 Biofire Diagnostics, Inc. Sample withdrawal and dispensing device
US20150011013A1 (en) * 2012-11-30 2015-01-08 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for collecting a target material
US20150093833A1 (en) * 2013-09-28 2015-04-02 D-2, Inc. Method of pre-treating a filter used in a small-scale water separometer
US20150192506A1 (en) * 2012-11-30 2015-07-09 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for collecting a target material
US20150367366A1 (en) * 2012-12-06 2015-12-24 Aerodesigns, Inc. Aerosol dispenser with edible cartridge
US20160243544A1 (en) * 2013-11-14 2016-08-25 Abon Biopharm (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd. A device and method for using the device
US9513291B2 (en) * 2012-11-30 2016-12-06 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for collecting a target material
US9533303B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2017-01-03 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for collecting a target material
US9638680B2 (en) 2014-01-13 2017-05-02 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Composition for the colorimetric detection of water in hydrocarbon fuels and a process for the preparation thereof
US9945839B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2018-04-17 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for collecting a target material
US9956555B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2018-05-01 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for collecting a target material
US10054524B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2018-08-21 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system and method for collecting a target material
US11067487B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2021-07-20 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for collecting a target material
RU2824024C1 (ru) * 2024-03-15 2024-07-31 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Российский университет транспорта" (ФГАОУ ВО РУТ (МИИТ), РУТ (МИИТ) Способ определения содержания свободной воды в углеводородном топливе

Families Citing this family (4)

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DE2828088A1 (de) * 1978-06-27 1980-01-10 Riedel De Haen Ag Vorrichtung zur kontaminationsfreien probenahme von fluessigkeiten
DE3709773A1 (de) * 1987-03-25 1988-10-06 Josef Dr Ing Koehler Vorrichtung zur dosierung und mischung von kleinen stoffmengen
JPH0269758U (de) * 1988-11-16 1990-05-28
JPH02168158A (ja) * 1988-12-22 1990-06-28 Shigeru Nakagawa 液体検査具

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US2429694A (en) * 1944-03-29 1947-10-28 Little Inc A Method and equipment for indicating the water content of a gas
US3421857A (en) * 1965-01-19 1969-01-14 Bayer Ag Pyrolysis and reaction chamber for gas and chromatography
US3505020A (en) * 1967-05-25 1970-04-07 Exxon Research Engineering Co Method and composition for detecting free water

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CA928181A (en) * 1968-06-28 1973-06-12 Gilford Instrument Laboratories Fluid sampling method and apparatus
US3634038A (en) * 1969-09-10 1972-01-11 Gordon A Rampy Device for the quantitative colorimetric analysis of fluids
JPS5014144A (de) * 1973-06-08 1975-02-14

Patent Citations (3)

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US2429694A (en) * 1944-03-29 1947-10-28 Little Inc A Method and equipment for indicating the water content of a gas
US3421857A (en) * 1965-01-19 1969-01-14 Bayer Ag Pyrolysis and reaction chamber for gas and chromatography
US3505020A (en) * 1967-05-25 1970-04-07 Exxon Research Engineering Co Method and composition for detecting free water

Cited By (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3976572A (en) * 1974-01-04 1976-08-24 Michael Ebert Aircraft fuel contaminant tester
US3996001A (en) * 1974-05-10 1976-12-07 Battelle Memorial Institute Method of and device for the analysis of liquids
US4089652A (en) * 1976-05-12 1978-05-16 August Bartold Pedersen Detection of water in oil
US4151256A (en) * 1977-05-12 1979-04-24 Mobil Oil Corporation Water-in-oil detection device
US4272245A (en) * 1978-12-04 1981-06-09 Transidyne General Corporation Method and apparatus for electro-chemical measurement
US4231752A (en) * 1979-02-28 1980-11-04 Mobil Oil Corporation Method of determining salt water in oils
US4198207A (en) * 1979-03-26 1980-04-15 Mobil Oil Corporation Determination of water content in presence of oils
US4257775A (en) * 1979-03-26 1981-03-24 Mobil Oil Corporation Determination of water content in various systems
FR2521300A1 (fr) * 1982-02-10 1983-08-12 Primagaz Cie Gaz Petrole Dispositif de detection de la presence de liquides aqueux susceptibles de contenir de la soude, dans du gaz de petrole liquefie
US4596780A (en) * 1983-03-16 1986-06-24 Chemetrics, Inc. Process for sampling and diluting
US4537747A (en) * 1983-03-16 1985-08-27 Chemetrics, Inc. Disposable device for sampling and diluting
US4699885A (en) * 1983-05-02 1987-10-13 Melpolder Frank W Composition and probe for detection of water
US4717671A (en) * 1983-06-27 1988-01-05 Pony Industries, Inc. Stabilized water indicating paste composition
US4578357A (en) * 1983-06-27 1986-03-25 Atlantic Richfield Company Stabilized water indicating paste composition
US4557899A (en) * 1984-10-15 1985-12-10 Hach Company Water-in-oil testing apparatus
US4668634A (en) * 1985-09-16 1987-05-26 Marquest Medical Products, Inc. Syringe tonometric apparatus and method
US4929562A (en) * 1986-08-20 1990-05-29 The Regents Of The University Of California Method and apparatus for detecting gem-polyhalogenated hydrocarbons
US5286453A (en) * 1992-04-02 1994-02-15 Pope Carolyn M Device for dispensing a biological fluid from a sealed vacuum tube
US5491345A (en) * 1994-10-03 1996-02-13 Associated Universities, Inc. Sealed vacuum canister and method for pick-up and containment of material
US6376250B1 (en) 2000-08-17 2002-04-23 Nabil J. Mohtadi Composition and probe for detection of water
US8409508B2 (en) 2002-04-23 2013-04-02 Biofire Diagnostics, Inc. Sample withdrawal and dispensing device
US7354768B1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2008-04-08 Phase Dynamics, Inc. Volume-differential assay using hydrophilic gel
US7407625B1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2008-08-05 Phase Dynamics, Inc. Volume-differential water assay system using hydrophilic gel
US9513291B2 (en) * 2012-11-30 2016-12-06 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for collecting a target material
US9945839B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2018-04-17 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for collecting a target material
US9492819B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2016-11-15 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for collecting a target material
US20150192506A1 (en) * 2012-11-30 2015-07-09 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for collecting a target material
US9217697B2 (en) * 2012-11-30 2015-12-22 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for collecting a target material
US20150011013A1 (en) * 2012-11-30 2015-01-08 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for collecting a target material
US11067487B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2021-07-20 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for collecting a target material
US10919034B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2021-02-16 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for collecting a target material
US9039999B2 (en) * 2012-11-30 2015-05-26 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for collecting a target material
US10054524B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2018-08-21 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system and method for collecting a target material
US9541481B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2017-01-10 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for collecting a target material
US9533303B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2017-01-03 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for collecting a target material
US9956555B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2018-05-01 Rarecyte, Inc. Apparatus, system, and method for collecting a target material
US20150367366A1 (en) * 2012-12-06 2015-12-24 Aerodesigns, Inc. Aerosol dispenser with edible cartridge
US9410937B2 (en) * 2013-09-28 2016-08-09 D-Z Inc. Method of operating a small-scale water separometer to pre-treat a filter prior to testing a fuel sample
US20150093833A1 (en) * 2013-09-28 2015-04-02 D-2, Inc. Method of pre-treating a filter used in a small-scale water separometer
US20160243544A1 (en) * 2013-11-14 2016-08-25 Abon Biopharm (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd. A device and method for using the device
US9638680B2 (en) 2014-01-13 2017-05-02 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Composition for the colorimetric detection of water in hydrocarbon fuels and a process for the preparation thereof
RU2824024C1 (ru) * 2024-03-15 2024-07-31 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Российский университет транспорта" (ФГАОУ ВО РУТ (МИИТ), РУТ (МИИТ) Способ определения содержания свободной воды в углеводородном топливе

Also Published As

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JPS5819988B2 (ja) 1983-04-21
DE2461585C2 (de) 1986-01-09
DE2461585A1 (de) 1975-07-10
CA1053132A (en) 1979-04-24
GB1486780A (en) 1977-09-21
DE2463212C2 (de) 1987-05-07
JPS5099795A (de) 1975-08-07
GB1486779A (en) 1977-09-21

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